_ The magazine for Sinclair users and TIMEX /Sinclair users
_ September/October 1983 — $2.95
-Volume 3, Number 5
BUYER'S GUIDE PART 3: SYNC AT THE LIBRARY
MACHINE LANGUAGE: Quick Draw • PROGRAMMING: Logical
: Operators ° Extensions to Basic ° Memory Scrunching > HARDWARE: Questions &
y Answers ° REVIEWS: Byte-Back Modem ° BOOKS > GAMES
RE DATS ASE TTE EN
*
BRING YOUR COMPUTER TO LIFE
WORD PROCESSING AND REAL PRINTING
TIMEX/SINCLAIR TS1000, TS1500, OR ZX81
PROFESSIONAL WORD PROCESSING AND PRINTING
FOR LESS THAN THE COST OF A TYPEWRITER
$79.95
X-WORD ZX-101 e
WORD-PROCESSING ——— =<
16K ROM Software
Full RS232 Interface
Word Star like commands
On-line edit to 14K with
16K RAM pack:
Total cursor control,
move, delete, etc.
Upper or lower case ASC
Il character
Automatic paragraph
reformating
$250.00
PRINTER
GORILLA/BANANA
10" Carriage
5 X 7 Dot Matrix
50 Characters per sec
5 or 10 Characters per in
Tractor Feed
Now for a limited time Data-Assette offers three choices to obtain these powerful solutions:
OPTION #1 = $299 OPTION #2 = $399 OPTION #3 = $499
Ready to run package Option #1 plus Option #1 plus
e Printer e TS1000 (2K) new e TS1000 (2K) new
e X-Word System e Overlay Keyboard e Fullsize Keyboard
e Paper Supply e 16K of Ram Pack e 32K of RAM pack
e All cables Real Cost $480.00 Real Cost $595.00
Real Cost $370.00 Your Savings $81 Your Savings $96
Your Savings $71
ORDER TODAY BY PHONE FROM OUR SPECIAL 800 NUMBER OR MAIL IN YOUR CHOICE.
WE ACCEPT VISA OR MASTERCARD.
DATA-ASSETTE
All orders are subject to a $4.95 handling/shipping charge
Mail Order Department (800) 523-2909
56 South 3rd Street (215) 932-4807 in PA
Oxford, PA 19363
If you already own a printer then X-word is available for $79.95. If you only need the printer then its cost
is $250.00. Send $2.50 for our full catalogue and receive $2.50 credit on first purchase.
CIRCLE 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD
The Direct Connection
is Here...
_.. foryour Timex-Sinclair computer. Memotech can now connect you to CompuServe
with our new modem package. With this introductory offer you get a 300 Baud J-Cat
Modem by Novation. .. RS232 serial interface with built-in communications software
and all connecting cables. PLUS, you get a CompuServe Demopak, password, I.D. and
log on/off procedures for a free two hour demonstration of the CompuServe Information
Service.
Memotech, the leader in add-on Timex products, introduces the modem package for
only $199.95 + $6.95 shipping/handling. (Suggested value $290.00).
Simply plug in our direct connect add-on products to the back of your Timex computer.
The Memopak 16K sells for $49.95 *. .. 32K Memopak is $99.95 * and our best seller
64K Memopak is $149.95 *.
The Memotech keyboard is priced at $99.95 *. The Centronics parallel interface sells
for $74.95 * including software, and the RS232 interfaces are $99.95 *. Printer
packages are also low, low priced.
Order at no risk (10 day money-back guarantee); Call 1-800-662-0949
(Colorado 1-303-986-1516). Or send your name, address, phone number and a
check/money order/Visa or MasterCard number with expiration date to:
Memotech Direct Sales Division
7550 W. Yale Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80227
* Shipping/Handling $4.95; Colorado Residents add applicable sales tax.
FOR FASTER & EASIER DATA ENTRY
WITH YOUR E-Z KEYBOARD...
Here at last, is a large 60 key “TACTILE
FEEL” keyboard that plugs into the same
connectors as the existing keyboard on
your ZX81, TIMEX/SINCLAIR 1000 or 1500.
HERE THE CLICK ... FEEL THE SNAP!
for every key pressed (tactile feedback)
IT’S THE ONLY KEYBOARD WITH ALL OF
THESE FEATURES:
60 moving keys: solid (not rubber)
Molded legends on keytops (no stickers)
8 automatic shift keys (no shifting required) for edit, delete,
single & double quotes, colon, semi-colon, function and stop
2 shift keys
Numeric keypad
5” space bar
No wiring required (Just plug in)
Cables and instructions are included
>
mT
Legends in three colors on the base (color coded by key function)
SWITCH SPECIFICATIONS:
NOT JUST A KEYBOARD REPLACEMENT
BUT AN ENHANCEMENT THAT GIVES
KEYBOARD FEATURES FOUND ONLY
ON MORE EXPENSIVE COMPUTERS.
A custom designed aluminum enclosure (shown
above) is available for your E-Z Key keyboard.
Measurements: Price:
EC-11 (11” X9” X3.5”) 24.95
EC-14 (14” X 9” X 3.5”) 29.95
JOYSTICK: 29.95
A joystick kit that requires no wiring and functions
like the arrow keys and 0 on your computer.
Plugs into E-Z Key 60 keyboard.
> $84.95
90 day warranty
Take advantage of this introductory offer...
Mounting Bezel
Keytop Button
Hinged Plunger
Hinge Rod
Rod Standoff
—~ Film Seal
b 9
— Stainiess Dome
PITS CE
y, Fy ppb
Ly O
f
4
a
i Dome Cage
PWB Substrate
N
USE THIS ORDER FORM:
OCheck/MO OVisa OMasterCard
Card #
Te
Keytops measure 0.4” by
0.3” spaced at %” intervals
between keys. Life equals
10 million operations
(typical). Force equals
three ounces. Domeswitch,
button type with arm to
give extended travel.
$10 OFF THE PURCHASE OF A JOYSTICK
WHEN YOU BUY THE KEYBOARD & ENCLOSURE
(Prior purchasers will be honored for Joystick discount)
Try it, you'll like it—10 day return privilege on keyboard
enclosures and keyboard in stock.
; S&H
oe ee Unit Cost item Total Unit Cost S & H Total
N
l \
| :
i
|
e oN |
an GN TR a S |
| = aR Hi Mass. residents add 5% sales tax | Grand total:
m |
| Suite 75, Dept. CE pri :
| 711 Southern Artery pies
| Quincy, Massachusetts 02169 Address i
N (617) 773-1187 City kae LE J
ae a a E T SER ye E e NORD E BOTT E ELENEI E A SEA a E AEE E OME ENE e Ae E S ES a aye EAA E SE SS A A A
CIRCLE 30 ON READER SERVICE CARD
The magazine for Sinclair users and TIMEX /Sinclair users
September/October 1983
DEPARTMENTS
Wer RN R AE E E ET ta Sgn ee ae a cs
Vee Road THB FS. on a a a i ee ce
G SYNC NOIRE o oa isa ees. Grosjean
42 Glitchoidz Report...............0. 0... c ccc eee ee eee
Pong Cg” SG ele Sea a a RE E Allen, Ton, Chandler
O suebtior Fun 265 eke eee neal Chaiet, Farrell
Hall, Hill, Midura, Schultz
14 Perceptions................ 0c cece cece eee eee Ornstein
The TS2000: An overview
20 Hardware Tips......................ccec eee eee Hartung
Hardware questions and answers
29 In and Out of SYNC...... MERE eae At tC heh va hoya
Making Borders and a Bouncing Ball......... Grosjean
HG Fanasonic IR=200 5 eaa i. ee ew ae Ahl
38 Letter from England........................005- Adams
Software, hardware, and Sinclair developments
WE PROM A oe een os oR E
112 Index to Advertisers..... 0.00.00... 0. ccc ccc eee e eee
SYNC AT THE LIBRARY
50 Directory of Publishers........................0.eeeeee
52 TS1000/ZX81 Books... .. 0.0.0... cece cece neces
60 TS2000/Spectrum Books......................0.000s
62 General Books...... 00.0.0... c ccc cece cece eee
64 The Bookshelf Goes Supernova............... Deeson
Survey of Spectrum books in the U.K.
Staff
Founder Editora OME kN. E ee acd ne eis David Ahl
Mannarino oon. Pe Ge, vs ahd kel ha bud aa Paul Grosjean
eee eC o ai Fh oa i eee ie os A Oe David Ornstein
i O ETT e AE Te S A oS seins oe nL ee er on ee oe Diana Negri Rudio
El eS honk a a Oo cE Ate cto Karen Brown
Operations Manager............................. Patricia Kennelly
PUTO oF Oe Gok cee he BEA eh abana ote oes Nes Frances Miskovich
Seat CARL AL A LEAL E aig eT aR SEE, Ore eaa, a ee tent a o Aa SA Carol Vita
Advertising Sales Manneer ek es. ww So Karen Musmeci
Adversa Coordimator. Pio. eS Claudia Reinhardt
The Consumer Computer and Electronics Division
Ziff-Davis Publishing Company.
NIE A aa a a ARV Ch aM tare cP ge © ORR SY A Larry Sporn
Vice President, Marketing..........0.....5.. . J. Scott Briggs
Vice President, General Manager........ . Eileen G. Markowitz
IE Aa p ak we Od A S Peter J. Blank
Cover by Bob Aiese
September/October 1983 © SYNC
l
Volume 3, Number 5
70 Learning Timex Sinclair Basic......... ere SOT ee Aker
Book review
71 Mastering Machine Code on Your ZX81........ Garrick
Book review
72 ZX81/TS1000 Statistics.......................00. Kelly
Book review
73 The ZX81 Companion........................ Grosjean
Book review
74 Byteing Deeper into Your TS1000................ Aker
Book review
PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
76 The Logical Operators.........................005 Aker
Using AND, OR, and NOT
80 Memory Scrunching......................... Grosjean
Over 30 tips on ZX/TS memory saving
86 Extensions to Basic............................ Coffey
Add new commands to your computer
90 Quick-draw!.................. ccc cece a eee ee Doakes
Introduction to machine code, part 4
GAMES
96 The ZX Stock Exchange........................ Burgio
Beat Wall Street
110 Brick Buster.................... ccc cece cece, Thomson
Try your hand at demolition
REVIEWS
100 The Byte-back Modem........................ Keeney
Extended hardware review
108 3D Monster Maze and Mothership............ Grosjean
Two game reviews
Volume 3, Number 5
SYNC (USPS: 585-490; ISSN: 0279-5701) is published bi-monthly by
Ahl Computing, Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff-Davis Publishing Company.
David Ahl, President; Elizabeth B. Staples, Vice-President; Selwyn Taub-
man, Treasurer; Bertram A. Abrams, Secretary. 39 E. Hanover Ave.,
Morris Plains, NJ 07950. Second class postage paid at New York, NY
10001 and at additional mailing offices.
Copyright® 1983 by Ahl Computing, Inc. All rights reserved.
Permissions: Material in this publication may not be reproduced in any
form without permission. Requests for permission should be directed to
Bette Amado, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, One Park Ave., New York,
NY 10016.
Subscription rates: USA: One year (6 issues), $16; two years (12 issues),
$30; three years (18 issues), $42. Canada: $3 per year additional. Other
foreign: $5 per year additional.
For SYNC advertising information, contact Karen Musmeci, SYNC
Advertising Sales Manager, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, One Park
Ave., New York, NY 10016 (phone: 212/725-4216).
All other correspondence should be addressed to: SYNC, 39 E. Hanover
Ave., Morris Plains, NJ 07950. In U.K. to: SYNC, 10 Bishops Way, Sutton
Coldfield, W. Midlands B74 4XU.
Postmaster: Send address changes to: SYNC, PO Box 789-M, Morris-
town, NJ 07960.
letters
Payroll
Dear Editor:
I would again like to compliment both
SYNC and Alan Pattison for an ex-
cellent program “Small Business Pay-
roll” (SYNC 3:2). However, I found that
I could not copy any of the screen dis-
plays on my printer because any key-
board input routes you to another
section of the program.
Some of the menu items I wanted to
copy are: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8. By adding the
following lines I am now able to copy
any screen display I want:
442 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN COPY
443 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN
GOTO 440
976 IF M$=‘‘’’ THEN
GOTO 975 (was 978)
O77 FMSS 22 FREN. COPY
978 IF M$=‘‘’’. THEN
GOTO 975
1993 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN COPY
1994 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN
GOTO 1990
3917 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN COPY
3918 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN
GOTO 3910
4142 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN COPY
4143 IF M$=‘‘Z’’ THEN
GOTO 4140
To make room for these changes and
to stabilize the program (I was getting a
lot of Report Codes due to memory
saturation), I reduced the number of em-
ployee records from 35 to 30.
I appreciate your publishing these
valuable programs and look forward to
similar programs in future issues.
Robert Keneely
125-10 Queens Blvd.
Kew Gardens, NY 11415
PCB Differences
Dear Editor:
Timex Sinclair users should be aware
that Timex has used several different
4
printed circuit board etch patterns in
producing the ZX81 and the TS1000. As
a result, the experiementer may be con-
fused by differences in the patterns
which the conductor strips make on the
solder side of the board. Practically
speaking, this means that readers
attempting to follow Figure 7 in my arti-
cle “Keyboard System Conversion”
(SYNC 2:3, p. 30) may find that the etch
pattern of their CPU board is different.
The key is to remember that, no mat-
ter what version of the PCB one has, the
pin assignments on all ICs must be the
same, all components have the same rel-
ative position, the signals of the key-
board connector must be in the same
order, and the wiring of the keyboard
conversion cable puts lines AB-A15 and
KBO-KB4 in the same order.
Readers should note that this dif-
ference in etch patterns may apply to
other products and modifications which
require that a certain signal line be
jumped or a particular trace be cut.
Experimenters should refer to a ZX81
schematic for assistance in identifying
different traces using a “variant” PCB
etch pattern or one which does not re-
semble exactly an illustration in a hard-
ware article.
Robert B. Trelease, Ph.D.
2313 Sth St.
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Keyboard Bumps
Dear Editor:
After playing a few games that re-
quired fingers on several keys, I found
that I could not consistently keep my
fingers in place. After trying several
ways of creating a bump I could feel on
the keys. I settled on 5 minute epoxy. It
sticks well to the keyboard surface and
can be easily removed without damage
by a fingernail. I used a toothpick to ap-
ply a small (very small) drop in the cen-
ter of each key. After an hour, the epoxy
was fully cured, and I have a tactile key-
board that cost next to nothing.
Ted Rodgers
1157 W. Peachtree St., N.W.
Atlanta, GA 30309
Stringing along
Dear Editor:
I enjoyed Paul Wentink’s “Stringing
along with the ZX81” (SYNC 3:4).
However, it does have some limitations.
It does not allow for freely formatted
data. For instance, it allows for only
numbers of the same length, e.g., 30, 40,
50, and not for 1.325,-.82, 100.367.
I am an economist, and in trying to
use the data storage capabilities of the
ZX81 to the maximum I devised a way
to store numerical data in a flexible way.
The lines below give a DATA-READ
simulation which allows for variable
number lengths and variable size arrays.
The method is flexible since you can
have the ZX81 recognize any data sepa-
rator, e.g., a Space, merely by changing
the contents of the strings in lines 60, 70,
and 80.
TO LET ASS "+ 107 F285)
ao es sy aes Brn
20 DIM A(4)
30 LET Q=0
40 LET P=1
50 FOR l=1 TO LEN A$
60 IF: A$(l)=**,.-.. THEN
LET Q=Q+1
70-AP ASEAN =O
LET A(Q)=
VAL A$(P TO 1I-1)
80 IFAS tt Je" 322
LET P=I+1
90 NEXT |
100 FOR l=1 TO 4
110 PRINT A(1)
120 NEXT
Barry Crozier
291 Windermere Rd., Apt. 252
London, Ont.
Canada N6G 2J9 ="
September/October 1983 © SYNC
THEN
THEN
Your computer can prob-
ably do more for you than
you originally thought.
And learning to expand its
Capabilities is as easy as
reading a good book.
SYBEX is the pioneer
of computer book pub-
lishing, offering over 60
titles developed for begin- :
ners through advanced. They are SO well
written and easy to understand that virtually
anyone can learn to operate a computer
in a matter of hours.
Your Timex/ Sinclair 1000™
and ZX81 by Douglas
Hergert ($6.95) Learn
the ins and outs of your
Timex/Sinclair 1000™ You
can learn how to connect
the computer to your
television set, program it,
perform math, make bar
graphs and play games.
"HE
MEX, TSINCLAIR
T DO BASIC
HANDBOOK
YOUR
= SINCLAIR
THVIEX 200
ANDY MEST
“What
more can
Ido?”
by Douglas Hardart ($7. 95) This. is- She.
indispensable computerside companion for...
programming your Timex/Sinclair 1000” You. :
will find clear descriptions, proper syntax
and examples of every keyword and function
in the Timex/Sinclair 1000™ BASIC vocabulary.
Timex/Sinclair 1000" BASIC Programs in
Minutes by Stanley R. Trost ($7.95) Get the
advantages of programming your Timex/
Sinclair 1000™ without having to learn how to
program. This collection of BASIC pro-
grams allows you to: calculate home finan-
ces, analyze business and personal invest-
ments, investigate real estate —
options and much more.
More Uses for Your Timex/
Sinclair 1000:" Astronomy
on Your Computer by Eric
Burgess ($8.95) Study the
stars and planets in your
own home. The ready-to-
run programs allow you to
observe constellations,
CIRCLE 68 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Stars, planets, meteor showers
and. all that is celestial—on your
television screen.
SYBEX books are available
at bookstores and computer
stores everywhere. For a free
catalog, mail the coupon or call
TOLL-FREE 800/227-2346.
Prices subject to change
without notice.
me: O A free catalog
-099 Your T/S 1000™ and ZX81 $6.95
13 The T/S 1000™ BASIC Handbook $7.95
19 T/S 1000™ BASIC Programs in Minutes $7.95
12 More Uses for Your T/S 1000:™
Astronomy on Your Computer $8.95
-
|
|
|
|
| Add: O $2.00/Book UPS O 6%% Sales Tax CA Res.
| O $12.00/Book Overseas Mail
| Charge my:
| O VISA O MasterCard O American Express
| Card # Exp. Daten
| Total Amount Enclosed $
| Signature
| Name
| Address
! City/State/Zip
|
E
Mail to: SY BEX Inc., 2344 Sixth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
© 1983 SYBEX, Inc. 1E9 N
SYBEX COMPUTER BOOKS
—| S| gg | motes Paul Grosjean
Sir Clive
As we all know, the ZX80, the ZX81, and the Spectrum
computers—the computers which have enabled hundreds of
thousands to enter the computer age—were invented by
Clive Sinclair in Great Britain. On June 11, 1983, he became
Sir Clive when Birthday Honors were bestowed by Queen
Elizabeth II. Sinclair, whose company Sinclair Research is a
market leader in volume production of personal computers,
said that the event came as a complete surprise. “More than
ever I feel committed to achieving success both in and for
Britain,” said Sir Clive.
SYNC at the Library
Our theme section this issue is “SYNC at the Library.”
This is a Book Buyer’s Guide. We have gathered together as
many titles and brief descriptions of printed resources as we
could find, but we know the list is not definitive. The book
list for the ZX81 and TS1000 is a long one. Since Eric
Deeson has given us an overview of books from the U.K.,
the Spectrum section includes those that are currently avail-
able from U.S. publishers. The general category could be
much more comprehensive, but where could we stop? We
— — ~ have just suggested a few titles.
Sir Clive Local public libraries can give you access to ZX/TS arti-
16K 64K
Memory Memory
Extension Extension
for only for only
$25.50 $76.00
Fully compatible with all Sinclair add-ons and
peripherals, and specially screened to stop
radio interference.
* No soldering x Easy to fit
x Simply plugs in the back
* Guaranteed for 12 months (64K for 3 months)
* Specially designed to prevent loss of memory /
through wobble or white out
* Electronics housed in elegantly
designed, hardwearing case
x All units fully tested before
leaving our factory
OMPUTER#?
664 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1010, Chicago, Illinois, 60602 if. Y
.
N
es
CIRCLE 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD
6 September/October 1983 © SYNC
cles in other publications through various readers guides
and indexes. Indexing services and data banks covering only
computer publications are now available.
We have not covered any works of fiction since at this
time we have not heard of any in which the ZX/TS com-
puter plays a role. As we would expect, computers do play a
substantial role in science fiction stories, especially some of
the more recent works. We find three main themes that
seem the most popular.
First, the computer is a tool in the hands of the forces of
Good. In such stories, it is strictly subordinate to the human
users. It is “user friendly.” E.E. “Doc” Smith fans will recall
the “cubic mile” Brain in the Skylark series and The Brain
in the final story in the Lensman series.
Second, the computer as a tool in the hands of Evil for the
domination, repression, or social control of humanity. The
conflict is between human beings, but victory for Good re-
quires besting not only Evil, but also the computer. This
theme is illustrated by E. Hoffman Price’s Operation Misfit
and Roger Zelazny’s My Name is Legion (an allusion to the
unclean spirits cast out in the biblical story in Mark 5).
But perhaps the most fascinating theme is the computer
as Man’s ultimate enemy. How does Man defeat the Com-
puter when it has assumed virtually the power of divinity?
We immediately think of the famous (or infamous) “Hal” of
2001 and his most recent rival “The Ultimate Computer”
designed by Gus in Superman III. The Funco File by Burt
Cole is based on The Machine which must deal the problem
of deviation in its ordering of the world.
Such works are provocative and entertaining ways of
exploring the issues that must be faced as the computer age
develops. Many more issues need to be explored, however.
What is your favorite computer related story? Drop a card
to SYNC with the title, author, and a brief statement of the
computer’s role in the story. Be sure to include your name
and address. Now, did anyone read the one about the night
the ZX81 (with only a 2K RAM upgrade and a few addi-
tional chips mounted on an expansion board bought from a
SYNC advertiser) took over a large midwestern city,
and. ...
Next Issue
The theme section for our next issue will be “SYNC at the
Concert,” and will gather articles, programs, and products
having to do with music and sound on the ZX/TS comput-
ers. We will also take a look at expansion keyboards.
Upcoming themes include another look at the home and
business office (including word processing packages) and at
work related computer uses.
In and Out of SYNC
The ZX80 was introduced as the first personal home com-
puter under $200. The proliferation of computers in that
price range inevitably invites comparisons with the ZX/TS
computer. In this issue we are beginning a new department
called “In and Out of Sync.”
We are planning to have a two pronged thrust to this
department. First, we will take a close look at one of the
other computers in this lower price range. Then we will take
some programming techniques on the ZX/TS computers
and see how these are done on the machine being reviewed
and at least one other computer, or we will take a technique
from another computer and see how the same thing can be
done on the ZX/TS computers. We will begin with a look at
the Panasonic JR-200 and compare programming on the
TS1000, the JR-200, and the Vic-20. a"
*
You won't believe the SPEED
“TIMEBLASTERS
The ULTRA-FAST machine language arcade game for professional
gamesters. Lasar blasts. collisions. violent explosions. real-time
acceleration. aliens that fire back. and much more. all at a frenzied.
machine code pace. 16K $14.95
* TEACHER’S GRADEBOOK — Grade records,
Statistical analysis, and more. 16K $12.95
* NFL ***** USFL STATISTICAL SUMMARY
Complete statistics for every team in the
league. 3 versions, USFL ’83, NFL ’81 -’83,
NFL 82 -84. NFL covers two seasons. You
update weekly. 16K $14.95
* EPHEMERIS V — ASTRONOMERS!! 16K
Deluxe planet finder and much more. $14.95
T TES EAT ERIN RS A A EN OT LARS TE RE SITET SEN BETTI CS
* Z-WRYTER — WORD PROCESSING
* METAGRAPHICS — Draw and save any
* CHECKSTUB — Register and Budget. $12.95
robotec, inc.
State Perrysburg, Ohio 43551 = :
ipping & Handling
Ea: NEXT DAY EXPRESS MAIL FAST DELIVERY Tora
eee Siratit DELIVERY $10.00 PHONE ORDERS WELCOME
Inventory Records
LX PRO- FILE Personnel Files
16K $16.95 Mailing Lists etc.
The just released, machine code updated
version of ZX DATA FINDER (below).
einstant searches e Printer compatible
eMulti-word searches è Numeric ordering
$12.95
* PROFIT PLAN — Analyze 5 proposals, 30
variables each. A MUST for entrepreneurs.
16K * $12.95
* EZ-HEX — Write, edit, test, and save
machine code hex programs. 16K $12.95
* ZX DATA FINDER — Data handling fully
explained. 28 page tutorial manual. 16K
“The most useful and economical program dedicated to the task of
data handling that | have found yet”. SYNC, Jan. - Feb., 1983 $1 4.95 l
graphic pattern with machine code cursor
control. 16K $14.95
* GRAPH | & II — Equation Grapher $14.95
CIRCLE 55 ON READER SERVICE CARD
September/October 1983 © SYNC
iust For Fun
you have some
, , great. If you have some it you I you that yo 11
them to: : Just f fo r Pun, SYNC, 7 E Hanover Ave., Morris ian
Survive
Robert J. Midura
8K ROM; 16K RAM
The object of “Survive” is to survive
long enough to obtain score points before
the computer zeroes in on your location
and blasts you. You manuever ona 21 x 31
grid of periods using the arrow keys on 5,
6, 7, 8. Each time you land on a period,
you get 2 points. Landing on a location
that has been hit (marked with an inverse
X) results in losing 1 point. Landing on a
clear location (a space) does not affect
your score.
As you move, the computer will blast
locations according to your location and
direction. You should not stay in one
location or head in one direction for too
long or you will be hit.
The game ends when you are hit or you
move into screen column 31. Ending the
game by moving into column 31 will net
you a bonus of 100 points.
Type in the program as shown, put the
computer in SLOW mode, and type
GOTO 1000. To play again, type CONT
and ENTER. You may adjust the difficulty
Robert J. Midura, 19 Merrifield St.,
MA 01605.
8
Worcester,
by changing the values in line 60. Use
large integers for easier games and smaller
integers for harder games.
Graphics notes:
80: T,Y,T,Y, inverse X.
110: Inverse space, inverse SCORE,
inverse space.
1030: Space, 31 periods.
Listing
S LET Ls (INKEY $=" ‘6" AND X<213
— i INKEYS= RND M3122
28 L C=tINKEY $=" "3° AND ¥+323
- tTINKEY $=" ‘S° RAND yi?
15 PRINT AT X,Y;
20 LET X=XəL
AT X,Y; u”
35 IF Y23@ THEN GoTo 118
4@ LET S=S+Nix,Y}+2
sð IF NOT F THEN GOTQ an
SS IF F2@ THEN GOTO S
eca LEF T=INT (RNDO#3492
S&S LEF H=xeT Sb
67 IF H>21 THEN LET H=21
63 apo te FHEN LEF H=2
75 Gora S aT HoT:
ke bi AT 4,5 s
19@ LET MiX, Y) =-3
73 IF 3331 THEN LET I=31
80 PRINT AT HATE a
LAT H,I; "GAT H,
1@S IF HX OR Tioy THEN GOTO S
210 PRINT AT @,23;° ae”: s+
1235 NEXT @2eeeeee#e#ee#ed
1348 GOTeG
mrs
The ZX Pumpkin
Mark L. Hall
8K ROM; 2K RAM; 1K RAM
This year you will not have to buy a
pumpkin for Halloween, and yet you will
be ready for the trick-or-treaters with your
ZX/TS pumpkin. To set up your ZX/TS
Jack-O-Lantern, type in the listing in Fig-
ure 1, put your computer in SLOW mode,
and press ENTER.
The first six lines of the program draw
a rough oval and paint it black. This, of
course, is your ZX/TS pumpkin. The next
four lines and the sub-routine at line 120
draw the lines of the pumpkin segments.
Lines 50 and 53 draw the stem. The next
two lines draw the eyes and nose. Lines
65-110 flash the message and teeth of the
pumpkin in its mouth. The subroutine at
line 100 is a half second pause so that
your trick-or-treaters can read the mes-
sage. Use BREAK to get out of the
program.
The program was originally written on
the ZX81 and expanded when I got my
16K RAM pack.
Mark L. Hall, Anacortes, WA
98221.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
1705 11th St.,
VOICE SYNTHESIZER
eNow you can purchase the Zebra-Talker unlimited s
vocabulary voice synthesizer for only *59.95.
eThe Zebra-Talker is TS1000 and ZX-81 compatible.
eThe Zebra-Talker voice software (requires 16K) will
help you create whatever you want to Say.
eThe Zebra-Talker uses the famous VOTRAX SC01
phoneme synthesizer with programable pitch levels.
It produces all the phonemes required for English
and Spanish speech.
eThe Zebra-Talker is very memory efficient: one single
line in BASIC will produce a full sentence.
elt is so simple to use you can add voice to any pro- Zebra-Talker
gram in just minutes. FOR THE TS1000 & ZX-81
eThere are hundreds of applications in education, ORDER C141...... $59.95
robotics, speech therapy, monitoring, games, aids
for the handicapped, security, prompting, and more.
eExpansion connector for “Piggy Back” expandability.
eYou can plug the Zebra-Talker’s output into any
audio system, or order our #C145 Amplifier/Speaker
module with volume control for just $12.50.
eilncludes assembled & tested Zebra-Talker, instruc-
tion manual, and software on cassette.
e15-Day Money Back Guarantee.
SPEAKER / AMPLIFIER
ORDER C145... . $12.50
GREEN SCREEN | KEYBOARD BE
Now Timex Sinclair users can enjoy many of
the benefits IBM and all the biggies are getting
with Green Phosphour monitors ... and at a
fraction of the cost.
e The Green Screen is a specially molded
plastic optical filter which relieves eye strain
by enhancing character contrast and by elim-
inating the components of white light which
cause eye fatigue.
e The Green Screen fits right onto the picture
tube like a skin because it is molded to
match the curvature of your TV. We also in-
clude some invisible reusable tape for secure
fastening.
e The filter material that we use is just right,
1—Superior Quality: Same key mechanism as
used by IBM, Texas Instruments, Hewlet Packard,
and others. Full travel, gold inlaid contacts for
over 10 million operations.
Experience for yourself how much the Key-
board Beeper improves the use of your
TIMEX keyboard. Simply plug it into your
computer’s expansion connector and hear a
beep whenever a character is accepted by
the computer’s keyboard input routine. No
software is required. Features expansion
connector for RAM etc.
2—Professional Full Size Layout: 40 keys corres-
ponding one to one with your computer’s, plus
space bar in case you do word processing.
3—Looks Good & Feels Good: Attractive custom
molded enclosure matches your system. Sharp
not too dark nor too light. The result is a
really eye pleasing display.
e The Green Screen will fit any 12” TV or
monitor and can easily be trimmed with a pair
BONUS 1 - You can trigger the beep from
Basic. Great for program prompts, timers,
TS1000 legends in two colors are easy to read and
will never wear off.
4—Easy Installation: No soldering or technical
knowledge required. Done in minutes with simple
BONUS 2 - A beep every 9 minutes will
remind you that your computer is on.
ORDER #C133.........--..-------- $19.95
instructions.
ORDER C142....... NEW LOW PRICE $69.95
of scissors to fit any smaller size.
OrderC140 a ek oie ft a $12.95
SUGGESTED RETAIL
$99.95
ONLY
$84.95
Timex Sinclair
2040 Printer
the Timex Sinclair Printer fo, your Timex Sinclair 1000
or Sinclair ZX81 prints 32 colums wide, two lines per second, with full
graphics and text capability. The TS2040 prints silently in two modes: 1)
full-screen printing with single-key copy command, and 2) program-
controlled printing allowing for custom control of the printing format. The
TS2040 connects easily to your computer, has simple ON/OFF controls,
comes with one roll of paper, easy to understand instructions and a 90-day
limited warranty. Order Zebra Cat. #0144 $84.95
THERMAL PAPER FOR THE TS2040
Printer Paper Six oii pack #0143 ....... $11.90
*Canadian Orders Add $7.00 Per Printer Plus $3.50 Per Paper 6-Pack For Shipping
mu Tech Info & NY State call
(212) 296-2385 9-5 EST T 800-221 -091 6 Ord
ZEBRA SYSTEMS, IN
= 78.06 Jamaica Ave. Dept. B, Woodhaven, N.Y. 11421
FOR ZX81
& TS1000
ADD $3.00 PER ORDER
FOR SHIPPING.
WE ACCEPT VISA, MASTERCARD,
CHECKS, M.O.
C.O.D. ADD $3.00 EXTRA.
N.Y. RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX.
OVERSEAS, FPO, APO, ADD 10%.
DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE.
To run in 1K enter the program in not have the same features as the 2K Figure 2. 1K Version.
Figure 2, put the computer in SLOW version does, but it shows some good
i@ FOR Db=5 To od
mode, and hit ENTER. This version does memory saving techniques. __45 LET X=sUAL “S3@-2845IN (D-4@4
PII”
20 FOR X= TO 53-3
Figure 1. 2K Version. i ie een ae
— ES 9 Pa ee | om
= SS PRINT AT
= e= AT UAL “Ss
is ME. SG PRINT AT
a pe ee 55 PRINT AT
45 : epee = "R m a FI wurm NE
Sö =e SQ PRINT AT D,;13 Boo
Ss no ge So RAND EXP RAND
== (24: i o-oo, = = S35 GOTO Val “ses
=E a ol. 7 Graphics notes:
Tg A ee ae a Graphics notes:
oe ae = = z = LET aac eee Se ot :
z0 G pore. Bir rae 50: INVERSE 5 2
DUAL TRACE ‘SCOPE’ wero
&Cursor.
155,000 samples per second. High Resolution Printer Plotter.
Works with ZX81/TS1000, 16K RAM, ZX or TS2040 printer &
our Analog Interface Board. Cassette tape & manual... $35.
SD ok
(omputer{ ontinuum
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS— ‘FFT.
Fast Fourier Transform on EPROM. 301 Sixteenth Avenue
4K of Z80 code. 256 points of magnitude & ph dat e
calculated in one second. This can be used as a PERE San Francisco, CA 941 1 8 (41 5) 152-6294
with the ‘SCOPE’ to display frequencies up to 75Khz. Two
LV AAS SAI DINE 2 POF OOS ara he's vk ose cues a $75.
ANALOG INTERFACE BOARD
8 channels A/D- 8 channels D/A. High Speed 1.6 micro-
seconds A/D convert time. Easy to program. Many Jumper &
switch selectable options. Has features which allow easy
interfacing to other micros such as TS2000, TRS-80, Apple,
CBM 64, Jupiter Ace, others. Manual w/software. You must
see spec sheets to appreciate this board.............. $195.
EPROM BOARD containing ‘SCOPE’ & ‘FFT’ at 8K to
16K. The Basic part of the program is transferred up to RAM ` cS 4 : | i
for use. Consists of four 2716's on the ‘Hunter’ board with = : os eee co eS a e S e ee A
PISGVORCI COM MaRS! ie he adr bat E ws cos A Sa
EPROMS alone-inquire. $100.
ANALOG INTERFACE with EPROM
Board attached and piggyback mounting.............. $275.
Box and ribbon cable mount for Analog Board......... $30.
HIGH RESOLUTION PRINTER
Graphics, data acquisition, averaging, & scaling routines.
Graticule optional. Can be used with or without Analog
Board. The graphs on the right are of heartbeats captured
with this program, an electrocardiograph, and the
hardware pictured.
Cassette tape & manual. Terrific value............... $35.
When Our Analog Board and new software are coupled with the Timex computer & printer we realize
instrumentation & control capability which is unmatched by anything else in its price range. The software we now
offer demonstrates only a few of the high quality applications which are now possible.
BUFFERED BUSS- | CONNECTORS “reves?
DEVELOPEMENT BOARD Gold plated ribbon cable connectors for RAM or
KIT..... $65. BareBoard..... $35. peripherals. Assembly w/8”" cable ....... $18.
Application Book..... $10. We can add more connectors to the assembly or
À bu
< eos i : H i R
y : > 1
3 i H t
= 2 H H z n i
1 xi : t H Hi H
3 i ay ' t i H
; H i$} i ‘ $
$ H e: [i H t ' H
£ z H H $
' uv ' i i :
a: t 1 i '
1 2: ' H H
: H i : ' f
ł i : H ‘
s H r : i ' H
i : i : i p :
UHF MODULATOR $15.
Switch to ch 33 to remove TV interference.
Solder on computers circuit board in place of
the VHF unit.
BUSINESS/FILE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
An electronic file cabinet w/sorting.
editing & printerformat commands.
Poweful & easy to use.
Ideal of mailing lists.
still
only $10.
but, as with all of our products,
worth much more.
Explaining our products and
FREE CATALOG es
Write or call (415) 752-6294.
please add a minimum of $3 on ANY order. California residents
T E R M S please add 612% fax. To order send check or money order or call for
COD.
CIRCLE 17 ON READER SERVICE CARD
10 September/October 1983 © SYNC
ZEBRA JOYSTICK ADAPTOR
Allows you to connect any Atari compatible joystick to your ZX81 or 151000. | n
cones: (OY Die CONNECTORFOR 6JOYSTICK GAMES $9.95
PRINTER ETC. ATARI JOYSTICK $6.50
ADAPTOR $19.95
SIMPLY
PLUG IT The ZEBRA Joystick Adaptor comes
jag assembled and tested with simple
instructions to make joystick
versions of most action games.
Use your own Atari compatible
joystick or add $6.50 for a
genuine Atari Joystick.
15 DAY MONEY BACK
GUARANTEE
ONLY
$1 9.95 EXPANSION
WITHOUT SPEAKER CONNECTOR
$24.95
WITH SPEAKER
e Add amazing sound effects to your games. f ZEBRA LIG HT PEN
e Easy to program in BASIC. 4 o
e Wide frequency range. : A Poa e Fun to experiment in BASIC
e Assembled and tested, with Demo software. |, A D 7 e Complete package includes:
AMAZING L EA NI E E -Light Pen
-Computer Interface Module
SOUND EFFECTS y SPEAKER -Demo Program Listings
MODULE h e Assembled & Tested
ORDER C109 $24.95
Hii
C aI NEBEST BOOKS | EXPERIMENTING?
i PUTER SPEECH GENERATION by John
3 D Cater. 230 pages. Very enjoyable reading.
i Useful & up-to-date ..................... $14.95 0411
MONSTER - LEARNING TIMEX SINCLAIR BASIC by a
i David Lein. 350 pages. Great for beginners $14.95 7 UNIVERSAL
M AZE - NOT JUST 30 PROGRAMS FOR THE ZX81. oe TAPE.
Interesting programs with explanations . $ 9.95 Ete
C113 THE COMPLETE SINCLAIR ZX81 & Lo
TS1000 BASIC COURSE. 255 pages in- Le
$14.95 ~ cludes 2 cassettes ..................... $24.95 e C112
| BYTING DEEPER INTO YOUR TS1000. LD PIGGY BACK
| Excellent presentation with 37 tutorial y RAM OR OTHER
programs 3.2. a e hos a eae See PERIPHERALS
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ZX81 ROM
by lan Logan. Good study of ZX81 & C110
assembly language..................... $14.95 , : | ALL SIGNALS
THE COMPLETE TS1000/ZX81 ROM DIS- ; LABELED
ASSEMBLY by lan Logan. A must for
n pavers AdVANCEd USCIS Conic acts o denn ss G19.95
BL owas, MACHINE LANGUAGE MADE SIMPLE
_ o FOR YOUR SINCLAIR & TIMES TS1000. $14.95 C110 Keyed & Labeled ZX Connector $5.95
THE INS & OUTS OF THE TS1000 & ZX81. C111 Universal Prototyping Board . . $9.95
Excellent hardware manual............. $12.95 C112 Expansion Connector ....... $2.50
IMPORTANT! All ZEBRA products
can be piggybacked in any order. Ue AEE OR BEL. Tech Info & NY State call Order Toll Free
inothelastone, | ZEBRAHARDWARE. | (212) 296-2385 9-5 EST 800-221-0916
ADD $3.00 PER ORDER
FOR SHIPPING.
ZEBRA SYSTEMS, INC, ===
5 bed CHECKS, M.O.
C.O.D. ADD $3.00 EXTRA.
NY RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX.
=E 78.06 Jamaica Avenue, Dept. B Woodhaven, New York 11421 OVERSEAS, FPO, APO, ADD 10%.
BENESET DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE.
GY
ETTES
<5 NEW!
LOWER PRICES
LONGER LENGTHS
DATA TRAC | C-06, C-12, C-24
From the leading supplier of Computer
Grade Cassettes, new, longer length C- 12's
(6 minutes per side) provide the extra few
feet needed for some 16K programs.
Premium 5-screw shell with leader
— BASF tape
Se: Internationally acclaimed.
' Thousands of repeat users.
Error Free e Money back Guarantee
| C-24 | HARD BOX
6-06 | C-12_ | C-24 |
| 7.00 | 7.50 | 9.00] 2.50
(13.00 | 14.00 | 17.00 | 4.
1 Dozen
2 Dozen} 1
eC cial 500 C-12’s 38¢ each
spe Shipping $17.00/500
w/labels add 4¢ w/boxes add 15¢
TRACTOR FEED e DIE-CUT
BLANK CASSETTE LABELS
CASSETTE
STORAGE CADDY
Holds 12 cassettes w/o boxes
Includes edge labels
and Index card $295
BASF QUALIMETRIC
BASF FLEXI-DISC [=
5⁄4” SSDD, Soft Sect. | ©,
A A Lifetime warranty! A
$26.95/10 $120.00/50 $215.00/100
MICRO CASSETTES
in convenient cata lengths
oe a BG Bene ee
1 Doz. = o%
2 Doz.
» Same superior tape in
a >
premium shell with
leaders. Includes box.
and Sharp
SHIPPING/HANDLING $3.50
Any quantity (except 500 special)
NOTE: Outside 48 Contin. States shipping
$3.50 PLUS $1 per caddy; per dozen cas-
settes or dozen boxes; per 10 discs
WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE
ASK FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT
EE on Credit Card Orders
Call 213/710-1430
YORK 10 ‘Computerware
# S., Canoga Park, CA 91307
“ty
se
24573 Kittridge St.,
CIRCLE 78 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ORRIO
Obtuse Triangle
Michael W. Schultz
This program will draw an obtuse tri-
angle, which is any triangle with an inner
angle greater than 90 degrees. This is
done by drawing line BC (lines 10-40) and
then two oblique lines starting at each
end of line BC and have them converge
on point A (lines 50-100). The resulting
drawing will be the obtuse triangle ABC.
Enter the program in Listing 1. Hit RUN
and ENTER in either the SLOW or FAST
mode. Notice the uneven spacing caused
by the approximated PLOTting of X and
Y in the long side AC. This can be rem-
edied by inserting the lines in Listing 2.
Michael W. Schultz, 3650 Mossvale Dr. 20-D,
Mobile, AL 36608.
Listing 1.
s REM “OBTUSE TRIANGLE"
3 E YW=29 co
GA
Ti
Co
De
x.
it
w
&
~f
a
LEE Senra
EX
[Tee OnO AY
PRINT ag a he See “B"
‘eS
PRINT AT id, ‘To: “OBTUSE TRI
ABC™
mg
Kors
IA bo fe fed fo fe
TF CON pa EAA 0 e ALR fae LA A pe
MOGAO O GRDI
Z
VESTUSE FRIANGLE RBC
Listing 2.
So. iF ¥ =30 THEN GOTO 126
92 PLOT 3SxxX-193 oe
a34 PLOT 32X- ié.
Message Destruct
Joe Chaiet
Type in the program, and then SAVE
it. After SAVEing, put the computer in
SLOW mode and type RUN and ENTER.
Try to incorporate this technique into
your own programs.
Joesph Chaiet, 25 Cherry Hill Rd., New Paltz, NY
12561.
mere PRINT “THIS DOCUMENT IS SEG
verte “ZT WILLE SELFDESTRUCT
ARRE nett. AT =. “HEMSRIZE THIS
22 PRINT AT 3.5: “STATION 7 IS
READY“
3 INT 1,27; "UNITS"
4ð FOR X=18 TO O- STEP -1
S83 PRINT AT 2,24: X:
Train Revisited
John C. Hill
8K ROM; 2K RAM
SYNC 3:2 is the first issue I have seen,
and I enjoyed the “Just for Fun” column.
It is amusing and instructive—more fun
than reading instructions.
However, the pixel that wanders off
into the air above Joe Chaiet’s train did
not seem to go far enough. The train
needs more “smoke.” The program below
is my doodling to that end. Type in the
lines. Be sure you are in SLOW mode,
and press RUN and ENTER. Watch the
smoke!
John C. Hill, 4777 — 119th Ave., S.E., Bellevue,
WA 98006.
5 PRINT AT 4,4; “FIRE UP THE T
RAIN”
18 LET A=2ğ
28 FOR B=1 To 22
25 PRINT AT 21.0,”
ee eee
30 PRINT AT A,B; ”
4@ PRINT AT 4-1,.8;°
S@ PRINT AT 4-2.8;°
SG PRINT AT 4-3,8;°
70 PRINT AT A-5,B-1i;" ="
SQ PRINT AT A-7.B-2;" — #
32 PRINT AT_A-9,B8-3;" Be
92 IF B<=5 THEN GOSUS 130
24 IF &=5 THEN PRINT AT 6,18
S5 IF &=S THEN PRINT AT 7,7; "L
ET SER Ga.
$6 IF &=6 THEN PRINT AT A-4,5+4
97 IF &=6 THEN PRINT AT A-5,5+
tl
nag
Cty
ee ee em
52 IF B=6 THEN PRINT AT A-7,B+
z $3
i@@ IF B=7 THEN PRINT AT A-4,5+
4;
i822 IF B=7 THEN PRINT AT -5,54
å 3 83 :
103 IF &=F THEN PRINT AT -7,B+
å ; $: :
LOS. NEXT. B
LILAC BS
7 3 es ee oe a | =
ee tht ts pam}
130 FOR I=1 Tū 18-345
14a NEXT I
158 RETURN
Strange Listing
David Farrell
Type in the following program. With
the computer in either FAST or SLOW
mode press RUN and ENTER. Observe
the results.
David Farrell, PEAK Software, PO Box 8005, Suite
231, Boulder, CO 80306. Reprinted with permis-
sion from PEAK Software.
12 LIST
22 Sasue gaca
STOP
82 aaa LET AMEM=SPEEK 16396+2562PE=5
pi a7
zc 5
S313 LET INCA=se2
5220 LET ANEN -AMEN> È
33390 IF Poan aE AEAEE E,
26461 THEN RE
33428 LET PRACEEER ‘AMEN
Zaca IF PEEK ANEMN=118 THEN GOUT?
by
Sga IF PKA<¢125 THEN POKE AMEN, ¢
BH R+ISs)
5370 IF PKA? =125S THEN POKE AMEN,
ZPRA-1283
S253 GOTO INCA
a”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
New Product Reports...
MKIV Keyboard
Just released this Spring is the MKIV Keyboard
from E. Arthur Brown Company. Designed to upgrade
the TIME X-Sinclair 1000/Z X81 computer, this key-
board has some remarkable features. For one thing, it’s
made with very high quality keyswitches. The resulting
action of the keys is just like that found on computers
costing thousands more. Keys spring back up promptly
after pressing... they never stick and always make the
electrical contact needed for data input.
Another feature of the MKIV is the keytops them-
selves. The legends are installed with a sophisticated
sublimation process: Rather than being painted,
molded, or simply stuck on, they’re actually impreg-
nated into the plastic. This results in smooth faced
keytops with legends that are virtually impossible to
wear out. Each key is light gray colored with red and
black legends.
There are 41 keys on the MKIV Keyboard. That’s
the standard 40 Timex-Sinclair keys plus a full length
space bar. In the future, there will also be a 19 key
numeric keypad accessory that will simply plug onto a
jack in the side of the keyboard. (Note: Photo shows 12
key prototype keypad.) At present, the Numeric key-
pad is not yet available.
The MKIV Keyboard Shown With Accessory Numeric Keypad.
The price of the MKIV Keyboard is $89.95 plus
$4.95 for shipping and handling. It carries a 90 day
warranty and a 10 day, money back free trial. Contact
E. Arthur Brown Company, 1702-SYN Oak Knoll
Drive, Alexandria, MN 56308 to order. For those
interested, the company also offers a free catalog of
other TS1000/ZX81 Accessories.
High Speed Word Processing/Typing
Memo-Text is a new TS1000/ZX81 word pro-
cessor from E. Arthur Brown Company that features a
unique high speed character entry routine. You can
type at full speed without having to wait for the com-
puter to catch up. This speed is maintained until the
screen fills and then your text just scrolls upward for
more character entry.
Another feature of the Memo-Text program is the
ability to handle text and data files and to LOAD/
SAVE them separately or all at once. Automatic print-
ing of form letters, invoices, or other personalized mass
correspondence is entirely within the scope of the sys-
tem. Text formatting capabilities include fast scroll
scanning of files, finding, exchanging, and moving
blocks of text, amending, renaming, deleting text files,
double sized letters, centering, pagination, headers,
indentation, and several other features. All keys have
full repeat capabilities with Memo-Text. Typing is just
like using a typewriter. That is, all text is read by the
printer as lower case unless shifted.
One very important consideration for potential
Memo-Text buyers is the necessity of using it with a
Memotech Centronics interface and full size printer.
The program is designed to interact with the lower case
capabilities of this interface and won’t give a printout
without it.
Memotext handles 16-64K of RAM and sells for
$48.95 plus $3.95 for shipping and handling. Order
from E. Arthur Brown Company, 1702-SYN Oak
Knoll Drive, Alexandria, MN 56308. Those of you in
need of a full size printer to use with Memo-Text might
consider the Seikosha Printer package. It consists of an
80 character dot matrix printer, the Memotech Cen-
tronics interface, a hookup cable, and paper. To order,
send an additional $339.95 plus $3.00 for shipping and
handling.
Business Programs That Read Data Tapes
Mega software is a new series of integrated software
for the TS1000/Z X81 from E. Arthur Brown Com-
pany. It consists of programs that can actually read
data tapes produced by other programs within the
series. The data read is then used by the present pro-
gram to update its own data files. For example, the
invoicing program can be used to send bills to cus-
tomers and then its data tape can be read by the
accounts receivable program to update receivable
files. You don’t have to manually re-enter the billing
information.
There are two integration groups in the Mega series.
The Mega Master group consists of a desk top or-
ganizer, a spreadsheet, a word processor, a data base, a
statistical analyzer, and a graph plotter. The Mega
Wealth group is a small business set up. It consists of
an invoicing program, accounts receivable, accounts
payable, an inventory program, and a net earnings pro-
gram which produces profit/loss statements and
balance sheets. Each program works for 16-64K of
RAM and sells for $20-$25. For more information
write to E. Arthur Brown Company, 1702-SYN Oak
Knoll Drive, Alexandria, MN 56308.
New Catalog
Addresses Compatibility
A new peripheral and software catalog which
addresses the problems of peripheral and software
compatibility has just been announced by the E.
Arthur Brown Company. According to their president,
Eben Brown, peripheral compatibility is the future of
TS1000/ZX81 computing. This new catalog tells you
what works with what... saving you time and money by
avoiding bad purchases. The catalog contains over 130
new products with in-depth descriptions and photos.
For your free copy, write: E. Arthur Brown Company,
1702-SYN Oak Knoll Drive, Alexandria, MN 56308.
1702-SYN Oak Knoll Drive, Alexandria, MN 56308
612/762-8847, 612/762-1631
CIRCLE 8 ON READER SERVICE CARD
New Catalog
I We. acinar croun cone Mow Catalog |
Over 130
. ZX81/TS1000 products: Memory
į expansion, keyboards, mass stor-
* age, printers, etc. Software includes
personal, business, technical ap-
plications and arcade games. Order
your free catalog today!
exciting new
A,
Order Blank
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q| Item | Ea [P&H Total] |
[[MKIV Keyboard [ s995] 495[ | |
[Memo Ten [asas] 3.95] O] |
[Seikosha Print. Pkg. |339.95| 6.95] | |
I [Free Cataiog «TNC INC | _] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shipping not to exceed $6.95 in U.S.A.
Foreign customers call or write for shipping charges.
Payment Method
OCheck OMoney Order LIVisa [Mastercard
Card # Exp.
Name
Address
City State Zip
Send Your Order To:
E. Arthur Brown Company
1702-SYN Oak Knoll Drive
Alexandria, MN 56308
612/762-8847, 612/762-1631
perceptions David Ornstein
The TS2000 Series
Overview
The TS2000 series of computers claims
an extensive group of featuresi—oth
hardware and software. The machines
feature 24K ROM. The TS2048 has 16K
RAM at its disposal while the TS2068
wields a well-utilized 48K RAM.
CPU and Operating System
The TS2000 uses a Z80A microproces-
sor running at 3.5MHz. It contains a few
buffers, either 2 or 6 RAM chips, 2 ROMs,
and the piece de resistance: a 64 pin
custom chip designed by a few wizards at
Timex.
The TS2000 features a full-sized 24K
operating system (OS) which provides the
Basic interpreter, full-channeled I/O fa-
cilities, and a function dispatcher that the
user can call to have both simple and
complex functions performed for him by
the system, thus utilizing the system’s
facilities, and not duplicating them.
The TS2000’s native language is Basic.
It packs all the standard Basic statements
including PRINT, INPUT, IF...THEN,
FOR...NEXT, READ...DATA, etc. A full
list of commands is given in Table 1. The
functions are listed in Table 2.
The Display
The TS2000 supports several different
display options. These include 32 column
display, 64 column display, Hires screen
of 256 x 192 pixels, Hires screen of 512 x
192 pixels, page switching, and an en-
Table 1. List of Commands.
hanced color-resolution mode. The ma-
chine provides connections for a B& W or
color TV, an RGB monitor and composite
video.
The Keyboard
The keyboard is a 42 hard-key key-
board, including a full-sized space bar
and shift keys on both sides. The key-
board is full-sized and provides real tactile
feedback (i.e., the button actually pushes
down). The operating system provides for
single key entry of all keywords.
Interface and Connectors
The cassette interface on the TS2000 is
a step above the one on the TS1000,
although the one provided with the
TS1000 is sufficient for the type of jobs it
Beep x,y
Border x
BRIGHT x
CAT “m’’,“volspec”’
CIRCLE, x,y,z
CLEAR
CLEAR x
14
Sounds a note through the loud-
speaker whose duration is x seconds,
and is y semitones above middle C
(or below if y is negative).
Sets the border color to color x.
Colors:
0 Black
1 Blue
4 Green
5 Cyan
2 Red 6 Yellow
3 Magenta 7 White
Sets brightness level for subsequently
printed characters. If x=0 then nor-
mal brightness; x= 1 for bright; x=8
for transparent.
Lists all files on the specified volume
on the screen.
Draws an arc of a circle whose cen-
ter is at (x,y), and whose radius is z.
Deletes all variables, freeing the
space that they occupied. Does RE-
STORE and CLS, resets the PLOT
position to the bottom lefthand cor-
ner, and clears all pending GOSUBs.
Like CLEAR, but, if possible, the
RAMTOP pointer will be set to x,
leaving all memory beyond location
x out of the reach of BASIC.
CLOSE #c Closes the specified stream, after
flusing the appropriate buffers where
necessary.
CLS Clears the main screen.
CONTINUE Continues executing the currently in-
memory program where execution
left off.
COPY Sends a copy of the screen to the
printer.
Part of the data list. Must be in a
rogram.
DEF FNv(v},v2 . . . V,)=e User-defined function definition;
must be in a program. Each of
the v, vı to v, must be either a
single letter or a single letter fol-
lowed by a dollar sign “$” for
numeric and string arguments,
respectively.
Deletes lines from the program
whose line numbers range from x
to y. If the x is omitted, then
deletion starts at the beginning of
the program. If the y is omitted,
then deletion continues to the
end of the program.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
DATA e€1,€2, . . . €n
DELETE x,y
DIM v(x1,X2, . . - Xn)
DIM v$(x1,x2, - - - Xp)
DRAW x,y
DRAW x,y,z
ERASE “m’’,“‘filespec”’
FLASH x
FOR v=x TO y
FOR v=x TO y STEP Z
FORMAT “m’’,“‘volspec”’
GOSUB x
GOTO x
IF x THEN s
INK x
INPUT...
INVERSE x
LET v=e
LIST
LIST x
Table 1. Continued.
Creates an array with the name v
and sets it up as an array of
characters of n dimension, which
are: X1,X2,... Xm
Creates an array with the name
v$ and sets it up as an array of
characters of n dimension, which
are: X1,X9,...X,- This may be
considered as an array of strings
of fixed length x, with n-1
dimensions X;... X,_1.
Equivalent to DRAW x,y,0.
Draws a line from the current
plot position moving x hori-
zontally and y vertically relative
to it, while turning it through an
angle of z radians.
Removes specified file from the
specified volume.
Defines whether subsequently
rinted characters will be flash-
ing or steady. x=O for steady,
x=1 for flash, x=8 for no
change.
Equivalent to FOR v=x TO y
STEP 1.
Deletes any simple variable v
and sets up a control variable
with the value x, limit y, step z,
and looping address referring to
the statement after the FOR
statement.
Formats the media on the speci-
fied volume, and assigns to it the
specified volume name.
Calls the subroutine at line x.
Note that x may be an expression
like 200*z + 1000.
Jumps to line x, or, if there is no
line x, to the first line following.
If x is true, (i.e., non-zero), then
s is executed. Note that s in-
cludes all the statements to the
end of the line.
Sets the ink (foreground) color of
subsequently printed characters.
The “...” is a sequence of IN-
PUT items, separated by com-
mas, semicolons, or apostrophes.
An INPUT item can be:
(1) Any print item not beginning
with a letter.
2) A variable name.
(3) LINE, followed by a string-
type variable name.
The PRINT items and sepa-
rators in (1) are treated exactly
the same as in a PRINT state-
ment except that everything is
printed at the bottom of the
screen.
Controls inversion of sub-
sequently printed characters. If
x=0, then no inversion is se-
lected and all characters are
printed as ink color on paper
color. If x=1, then inversion is
selected and all subsequently
printed characters are printed as
paper color on ink color.
Assigns the value e to the vari-
able v.
LIST 0
Lists the program starting at line
x, making x the current line.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
LLIST
LLIST x
LOAD f
LOAD f DATA ()
LOAD f DATA $0
LOAD f CODE m,n
LOAD f CODE m
LOAD f SCREEN$
LPRINT
MERGE f
MOVE ‘‘m’’,‘‘old
filespec’’,
new filespec”’
NEW
NEXT v
ON ERR CONTINUE
ON ERR GOTO x
ON ERR RESET
OPEN #c,“m’’,“‘filespec”’
OUT x,y
OVER x
PAPER x
PAUSE x
PLOT x,y
POKE x,y
PRINT...
LLIST 0
Like LIST, but listing comes out
on the printer instead of the
screen.
Loads program and variables
Loads a numerical array.
Loads a string array.
Loads at most n bytes, starting at
address m.
Loads bytes starting at address
m.
Loads a screen picture.
NOTE: For any of the above
forms of the LOAD command,
and also for the SAVE,
MERGE, and VERIFY com-
mands, if an* is inserted after the
command (e.g., LOAD*f), then
the operation will take place on a
disk-like device, and not on the
tape.
Like PRINT, but uses printer in-
stead of screen.
Like LOAD, but merges instead
of deleting memory first. All
forms as per LOAD.
Renames the old file to the name
new filespec.
Clears memory including pro-
gram, variables, etc., up to
RAMTOP.
Marks the end of a loop.
Continues execution of program
where the last trapped error
occurred.
Sets up the system so that the
computer will jump to line x if
an error occurs. The pro-
grammer may then handle the
trapped error as he desires.
Turns off error eden
Opens a stream identified by c
and ties it to the device specified
or file on the device specified.
Outputs byte y to port x.
Controls overprinting of sub-
phage! printed characters.
Like INK, but controls paper
(background) color.
Stops operations for x sixtieths of
a second, (i.e., PAUSE 120 waits
for 2 seconds) or until a key is
pressed. PAUSE 0 waits forever
until a key is pressed.
Plots an ink spot at pixel (x,y);
moves plot position.
Places the value y in memory
location x.
The "Sn? 48 2a “sequence “of
PRINT items, separated by com-
mas, semicolons, or apostrophes.
A semicolon between two
items has no effect; it is used
only to separate the two items. A
comma outputs the comma con-
trol character, saben the print
position to either column O or
column 15. An apostrophe out-
puts an ENTER character.
At the end of a. PRINT state-
ment, if it does not end with a
semicolon, a comma, or an apos-
trophe, then an ENTER charac-
ter is output.
15
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Has 4 gold plated, fully buffered ports
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Cartridge
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Needs flexible ribbon connector; will be available for TS1500 and TS2000 computers
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as COMPUSERVE, DOW JONES NEWS RETRIEVAL, etc.
1. “J-CAT” Modem by NOVATION, 0-300
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Our printer package enables you to printout
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1. SEIKOSHA GP100, 9 Inch Printer
2. MEMOTECH Centronics Interface
3. Printer Cable #PL7019 $299.95
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MEMOCALC #BS2001C $53.95
MEMOTEXT #PL7014 $44.95
MEMOASSEMBLER #PL7015 $44.95
A Reliable Fast Loading System
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e Operates with any memory and on any
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@ Works equally well with AUTORUN
programs, BASIC or MACHINE CODE
@ This is what you get:
1. A cassette interface to improve the
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Provides power to your computer and peripherals
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Give your BASIC program the speed
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Very simple to use:
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BASIC programs can be compiled and
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Write machine code quickly and easily
Two pass assembler, ZILOG mnemonics,
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Debugger includes
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Occupies 7K, comprehensive multi-
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#PT4003 $18.95
Enables you to break through any
machine code software, list it on the
screen, save it on another tape, or
print it out
Very simple to use, load STOPPER
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instructions on the screen
#PT4002 $18.95
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On Solid State Cartridge
@ Disassemble any assembly language
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@ Assembly language games and other
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#PT4004
Needs Flexible Ribbon Connector or Softbox
All products are compatible with TS 1000 and TS1500 Computers
$34.95
No More System Crashes
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@ Prevents usual system crashes caused
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@ 7 inches long flat ribbon cable
#PL7016 $17.95
DEALERS/DISTRIBUTORS PACKAGE
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Phone orders: (617) 738-5310 7 days a week.
Call or write to us for FREE brochure and
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Mail to: Intercomputer, Inc., P.O. Box 90
Prudential Center, Boston, MA 02199
Tel: (617) 738-5310
Telex: 951141COFAR
Shipping and Handling
for MEMOTECH and QSAVE
for EACH PACKAGE
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Mass. Residents Tax 5%
Total
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No Shipping & Handling Charges for Cassettes
CIRCLE 37 ON READER SERVICE CARD
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— NEW VERSION #PL7013B
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CIRCLE 38 ON READER SERVICE CARD
INTERCOMPUTER, INC., P.O. BOX 90, PRUDENTIAL CENTER
BOSTON, MA 02199, TELEPHONE (617) 738-5310
DEALER/DISTRIBUTOR PACKAGE AVAILABLE
LABORATORY
Table 1. Continued.
A PRINT item can be:
(1) Empty (i.e., nothing).
(2)A numerical expression.
(3) A string expression.
Four fully programmable outlets. Expandable to 16 with SOFTBOX.tm
TO ORDER OR FOR MORE INFORMATION AND FREE BROCHURE CALL OR WRITE TO:
IG INTERCOMPUTER INC.
ciated with the specified stream
is reinitialized. The RESET *
command does the equivalent of
turning the machine off and then
(4) AT x,y: sets the print position on again.
at line x, column y. RESTORE RESTORE 0
(5) TAB x: Outputs spaces until RESTORE x Restores the data pointer to the
column x is reached. first DATA statement in a line
(6) A color item which takes the with a number at least n: the
form of a PAPER,INK, next READ will start reading
FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE there.
or OVER statement. ; RETURN Return from subroutine.
(T) A stream specifier (e.g., #6). RUN RUN 0
RANDOMIZE RANDOMIZE 0 RUN x CLEAR, then GOTO, x.
RANDOMIZE x Sets the seed for the random SAVE f Saves the program and variables
READ vj,v2,...V
number generator to x. If x=0,
then the seed is given the value q,
where q is the number of seconds
times 60 that the computer has
been on.
Read values for the specified
SAVE f LINE x
SAVE f DATA Q
SAVE f DATA $0
with their values.
Saves the program and variables
so that, if they are loaded, there
is an automatic jump to line x.
Saves a numerical array.
Saves a character array.
variables from the DATA list. SAVE f CODE m,n Saves n bytes starting at address
REM... No effect. REMark or RE- m.
Minder. The “...” can be any SAVE f SCREEN$ Saves a screen picture.
sequence of characters except SOUND «x,y;a,b,c,d... Sets register(s) to specified val-
ENTER. This includes “:’’ so no ue(s) in sound generator.
statements are possible after the STOP Stop the program.
REM on the same line. VERIFY Like LOAD except that the in-
RESET (#c) (*)
The arguments in parentheses
are optional. If no arguments are
given, then the RESET com-
mand initializes any new devices
it finds. If a stream number is
given, then the channel asso-
September/October 1983 © SYNC
coming data is not loaded into
memory, but compared against
what is already there. An error is
given if any comparison shows a
difference. All forms as per
LOAD.
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BYTE-BACK modules
64-K MEMORY |
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ie rae le trigger buffers)
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Table 2. List of Functions. _-
ABS x Absolute magnitude. PEEK x
ACS x Arccosine in radians.
x AND y x if y< >0: 0if y=0 PI
x$ AND y x$ if y< >: “" if y=0 POINT (x,y)
ASN x Arcsine in radians
ATTR (x,y) Attributes for character on screen at RND
osition x,y
BIN x ields the decimal of the binary SCREENS$ (x,y)
number x. (i.e., PRINT BIN
10101010 prints 170). SGN x
CHR$ x The character whose code is x.
CODE x$ The code of the first character in x$ SIN x
COS x Cosine in radians SQR x
EXP x ex STICK (x,y)
FN FN followed by a single letter calls
up a user-defined function. STR$ x
FREE Returns the number of bytes of
memory available to the user. TAN x
IN x Reads the byte at I/O port x. USR x
INKEY$ The character currently being
ressed key. USR$
INT x nteger (in characters) of x$.
LN x Natural logarithm (to base e).
NOT x 0 if x< >0; 1 if x=0 VAL x$
x OR y 1 if b< >0; x if b=0
The byte stored in memory location
X:
3.14159265...
1 if the pixel at x,y is ink color; 0 if it
is paper color.
A random number x, such that
0<x<l
The character that appen at
character location x,y on the screen.
Signum: the sign -1 for negative, 0
for zero or +1 for positive) of x.
Sine x. |
Square root.
Reads stick number y. Reads button
or joystick position according to y.
The string of characters that would
be displayed if x were printed.
Tangent.
Calls the machine language routine
at address x.
The address of the first of eight bytes
describing the bit pattern for a user
defined character.
Evaluates x$
expression.
as a numerical
performs. The TS2000, however, is de-
signed to be able to handle some larger
and more involved tasks. Its cassette inter-
face scheme has been designed to meet,
functionally, with the needs of the system
and its user. The cassette runs at about
1500 bps (bits per second). This means
that the user can save 16K in approxi-
mately 87 secondsi — bout five times fast-
er than the speed of the interface on the
TS1000.
Because of the difference in the actual
hardware interface between the two ma-
chines, TS1000 cassettes cannot be read
into a TS2000 and TS2000 cassettes can-
not be read into a TS1000. The interface
is very reliable. I have been using the
machine for about 10 months by now, 8-
15 hours a day, and I have had perhaps a
half dozen errors while trying to LOAD a
program into the TS2000.
The TS2000 has two connectors avail-
able for adding joysticks (one or two) to
the system. The industry standard 8-
(Ws
i
position joysticks connect to the system
via a 9-pin D-type connector. These are
the same joysticks used by Atari and many
other manufacturers.
Bank Switching
The most innovative feature of the
TS2000 is bank switching. This is a means
of expanding the computer’s address
space. Through the flexible scheme that
Timex has designed, the TS2000 has the
ability to access up to 256 * 64K, or 16
million bytes of memory. Is anyone other
than me waiting to see who develops the
“16 megabyte RAM pack” first?
Conclusion
All in all, the TS2000 is a very powerful
system. With the above described and
below detailed features, plus a few extras,
the system packs quite a load at a sug-
gested retail price of $199.95 for the
TS2068 and $149.95 for the TS2048.
In the next “Perceptions” I will discuss
O
a
==>
STEIN
“Miss Hendricks, Im ready to ingest, process and generate information and knowledge.”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
in detail the graphics capabilities and the
memory-expanding bank switching tech-
nique used by Timex to enhance the
functionality of the machine.
19
NSC OWS CIOS pober p. Hartung
Ed.—A WORD OF CAUTION: Any
hardware project must be approached
with extreme caution. SYNC cannot be
responsible for any problem that may
arise from attempting hardware projects.
Obviously, any damage to your computer
can be costly in time and money. If you
do encounter a problem, write a clear
description of the problem either to
SYNC or to the author and include an
SASE. We will make every effort to find
a solution.
For our “Hardware Tips” department
this time we have asked Robert Hartung
to comment on some letters from our
readers. Since he had only the infor-
mation given in the letters to work with,
he cannot guarantee his answers. Rather
his responses should be regarded as sug-
gestions to help look for the answers. In
most cases more details would be required
in order to give a fuller answer. We
welcome comments from readers on these
problems also.
ROM and RAM
Problems
No Cursor
I added the 8K ROM and 16K RAM
- pack to my ZX80. With the 4K ROM/16K
RAM pack, the cursor appears; however,
with the 8K ROM/16K RAM pack, the
cursor does not appear.
James Kinsella
2846 St. Paul Blvd.
Rochester, NY 14611
Comment:
1) Examine the 8K ROM carefully with
a magnifying glass to make sure none of
the pins are loose, broken, buckled, or
Robert D. Hartung, PO Box 125, Palmyra, NY
14522.
20
bent under or to the side, and that all are
entering properly into their respective
positions in the IC socket, with the notch-
ed end of the ROM to the notched end of
the socket as was the old ROM.
2) Guard against static damage to the
ROM chips. If you do not have a ground-
ing clip for ICs, it is good practice that
the conductive foam wrapper be laid out
next to the IC socket on the PC board
before removing the old ROM from the
socket and the new ROM from the foam.
After gently lifting the old ROM with a
very small screwdriver under each end,
but with all the pins still touching the
socket, place your little finger on the
modulator shield, your middle finger on
the foam, and lift the old IC out with your
thumb and forefinger at each end of the
IC, not touching any pins. Place it on the
foam and pick up the new ROM the same
way. It may be necessary to apply consid-
erable pressure sideways, carefully and
evenly, against all the pins at one side of
the IC in order to line up all the pins on
the other side for proper insertion.
A large (2” or larger) jaw-type paper
clip, such as those made by Esterbrook
and sold for about $1 in larger stationery
stores, makes a good substitute for a
regular IC clip. Connect a grounding
jumper between the clip and modulator
shield and put the clip jaws over the IC
module and on the pins on both sides
before removing the IC from the conduc-
tive foam or prying the old ROM up from
its socket. If properly positioned on the
pins, the clip jaws will compress pin-rows
toward each other for entry into the
socket.
3) Herb Hornung’s suggestion in SYNC
2:4, p. 76, may apply.
4) If the computer still does not work
and if the ROM has not been subjected to
static damage in handling after removing
it from the conductive foam, it is possible
that you have received a defective ROM.
Unconnected Input on the RAM Pack
On the Sinclair RAM pack one of the
inputs to IC 2 (7400) pin 10 is not con-
nected to +5V or ground. This is an
unused gate on the chip and could con-
tribute to some RAM pack difficulties.
Rois R. Harder
895 Shakespeare Ave.
North Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada V7K 1E7
Comment:
Sinclair’s 1981 schematic for the 16K
RAM shows pin 8 of the 74LS00 going to
pin 1 of IC 3 and IC 4, and pins 9 and 10
of IC 2 both going to RFSH port of the
edge connector.
RAM Pack Connections
The ZX81 performance with the Sin-
clair 16K RAM pack was so erratic that it
was almost impossible to obtain any con-
sistant results. Repeated cleaning of the
contacts resulted in only temporary im-
provement. I have, however, improved
performance immeasureably by a simple
procedure. I inserted a short piece of
copper wire about 1/4” long under each
of the 44 contact fingers on the RAM.
The wire was from two or three one watt
carbon resistors.
P. W. Andrew
4824 E. Grant
Fresno, CA 93727
Comment:
Some later versions of the 16K RAM
pack have greatly increased contact-
finger pressure on the edgeboard con-
nector compared to the earlier models.
This is to accomplish what you seem to
have achieved by wedging them more
tightly to the edgeboard connecting
strips.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
AARDVARK — THE ADVENTURE PLACE
TRS-80 COLOR
WE CARRY MORE THAN ADVENTURES!!
MAXI-PROS WORD PROCESSING yen’
The easiest to use word processor that |
know of. Has all the features of a major word
processor (right and left margin justification,
page numbering, global and line editing, single,
double, triple spacing, text centering, etc.) at
a very cheap price because we wrote it in
BASIC. Includes 40 page manual and learning
guide. Easily modified to handle almost any
printer combination. Available on disk or tape
for VIC20, COMMODORE64, and TRS-80
COLOR computer. Requires 13k RAM an
Vic, 16k EXTENDED on TRS-80 COLOR.
$24.95 on tape $29.95 on disk.
SA N p}// YS Sg
é Sit S
aN
LABYRINTH — 16K EXTENDED COLOR
BASIC — With amazing 3D graphics, you fight
your way through a maze facing real time
monsters. The graphics are real enough to
cause claustrophobia.
Similar game for Timex/Sinclair 16k - hunting
treasure instead of monsters $19.95.
ADVENTURE WRITING/DEATHSHIP by
Rodger Olsen — This is a data sheet showing
how we do it. It is about 14 pages of detailed
instructions how to write your own adven-
tures. It contains the entire text of Deathship.
Data sheet - $3.95. NOTE: Owners of TI99,
TRS-80, TRS-80 Color, and Vic 20 computers
can also get Deathship on tape for an addi-
tional $5.00.
Dealers—We have the best deal going for you.
Good discounts, exchange programs, and fac-
tory support. Send for Dealer Information.
Authors— Aardvark pays the highest commis-
sions in the industry and gives programs the
widest possible advertising coverage. Send a
Self Addressed Stamped Envelope for our
Authors Information Package.
COMMODORE 24
VIC-20
ADVENTURES — Adventures are a unique
form of computer game. They let you spend
30 to 70 hours exploring and conquering a
world you have never seen before. There is
little or no luck in Adventuring. The rewards
are for creative thinking, Courage, and wise
gambling — not fast reflexes.
In Adventuring, the computer speaks and
listens to plain English. No prior knowledge
of computers, special controls, or games is re-
quired so everyone enjoys them —even people
who do not like computers.
Except for Quest, itself unique among Ad-
venture games, Adventures are non-graphic.
Adventures are more like a novel than a comic
book or arcade game. It is like reading a par-
ticular exciting book where you are the main
character.
All of the Adventures in this ad are in Basic.
They are full featured, fully plotted adventures
that will take a minimum of thirty hours (in
several sittings) to play.
Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair, TRS-
80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k on OSI
and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires extended
BASIC. Now available for TI99.
TREK ADVENTURE by Bob Retelle — This
one takes place aboard a familiar starship and
is a must for trekkies. The problem is a famil-
iar one — The ship is in a “decaying orbit”
(the Captain never could learn to park!) and
the engines are out (You would think that in
all those years, they would have learned to
build some that didn’t die once a week). Your
options are to start the engine, save the ship,
get off the ship, or die. Good Luck.
Authors note to players — | wrote this one
with a concordance in hand. It is very accurate
— and a lot of fun. It was nice to wander
around the ship instead of watching it on T.V.
DERELICT by Rodger Olsen and Bob Ander-
son — For Wealth and Glory, you have to ran-
sack a thousand year old space ship. You'll
have to learn to speak their language and
operate the machinery they left behind. The
hardest problem of all is to Jive through it.
Authors note to players — This adventure
is the new winner in the “Toughest Adventure
at Aardvark Sweepstakes’’. Our most difficult
problem in writing the adventure was to keep
it logical and realistic. There are no irrational
traps and sudden senseless deaths in Derelict.
This ship was designed to be perfectly safe for
its’ builders. It just happens to be deadly to
~,alien invaders like you.
Dungeons of Death — Just for the 16k TRS-
80 COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-screen
map, you get a choice of race and character
(Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard, etc.), a
chance to grow from game to game, anda 15
Page manual. At the normal price for an Ad-
venture ($19.95 tape, $24.95 disk), this is a
giveaway.
Please specify system on all orders
SINCLAIR/TIMEX
TI99
PYRAMID by Rodger Olsen — This is one of
our toughest Adventures. Average time
through the Pyramid is 50 to 70 hours. The
old boys who built this Pyramid did not mean.
for it to be ransacked by people like you.
Authors note to players — This is a very
entertaining and very tough adventure. | left
clues everywhere but came up with some in-
genous problems. This one has captivated
people so much that | get calls daily from as
far away as New Zealand and France from
bleary eyed people who are stuck in the
Pyramid and desperate for more clues.
MARS by Rodger Olsen — Your ship crashed.
on the Red Planet and you have to get home.
You will have to explore a Martian city, repair
your ship and deal with possibly hostile aliens
to get home again.
Authors note to players — This is highly
recommended as a first adventure. It is in no
way simple—playing time normally runs from
30 to 50 hours — but it is constructed ina
more “open” manner to let you try out ad-
venturing and get used to the game before
you hit the really tough problems.
é TE A | i
Qe ee LT
Sd S a
S ><
QUEST by Bob Retelle and Rodger Olsen —
THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM ALL THE
OTHER GAMES OF ADVENTURE!!!! It is
played on a computer generated map of
Alesia. You lead a small band of adventurers
on a mission to conquer the Citadel of Moor-
lock. You have to build an army and then arm
and feed them by combat, bargaining, explora-
tion of ruins and temples, and outright ban-
ditry. The game takes 2 to 5 hours to play
and is different each time. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice visual effects and sound. Not
available on OSI. This is the most popular
game we have ever published.
32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $29.95.
Adds a second level with dungeons and
more Questing.
PRICE AND AVAILABILITY:
All adventures are $19.95 on tape. Disk
versions are available on VIC/COMMODORE
and TRS-80 Color for $2.00 additional. $2.00
shipping charge on each order.
ALSO FROM AARDVARK — This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.
EN
wA 2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, MI 48088 / (313) 669-3110 ¢
o Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
TIMEX/SINCLAIR
TRS-80 COLOR
AARDVARK
$2.00 shipping on each order
1-800-624-4327
CIRCLE 1 ON READER SERVICE CARD
COMMODORE 64
NTE RGA a arge
a
VIC-20
RAM Pack Crashes
Until recently I have had no problem
with my ZX81 with the RAM pack at-
tached. Now the computer crashes while
I am typing in a problem. The screen
goes blank and the program is erased.
After unplugging and plugging it in again,
it works fine for 10-15 minutes. I have
taped the RAM pack securely in place so
it cannot move. I do not think the prob-
lem is overheating because sometimes it
will work for an hour or two before crash-
ing, but other times it will crach almost
immediately after running.
Brent Helms
5411 SW 96 Ave.
Miami, FL 33165
Comment:
Should a Sinclair 16K RAM pack that
works well on an ZX80 with the 8K ROM
have any problems on a TS1000? Mine
operates 5-6 minutes and then the screen
fills with garbage and eventually flops
over full of curved lines.
Jim Mahoney
RD 4, Box 247
S. Salem, NY 10590
Comment:
Both of these situations may be caused
by a combination of overheating and
TIMEX IS
20% OFF.
THE COMPUTER, THE PRINTER, THE SOFTWARE, THE POWER.
Why pay more and get less? A. +Associates now carries the
complete line of TIMEX hardware and software at a 20% dis-
count. Who else can make that claim? If you are interested in a
computer, a printer or just software from the company that
designed the computer, then look no further. We have it.
Among our specials are Printers at $79, RAM Packs $39, and 3
rolls of paper $5 (All shipping included). Inquire about the
1500, 2000, and our Three for Two program offer.
TIMEX
The Organizer
Keyboard Calculator
The Checkbook Manager
The Home Asset Manager
Vucalc
Inventory Control
States & Capitals
Presidents
Frogger
Gambler
And More, _
- +ASSOCIATES (16K)
Understanding Sinclair Basic
Chemistry Master
Math Master 1, 2,3
Basic Assembler
Feed Lot Analyzer
_Checkbook Balancer
Numbers Analyzer
edgeboard connection problems.
The overheating can best be solved
with an external voltage regulator (see
SYNC 3:2, p. 68). Since the regulator
requires nearly 2V offsetting voltage,
some ZX/TS power supplies may not
provide the 9V output under load re-
quired for SAVE mode on some ZX/TS
computers.
However, by substituting a DPDT
switch for the SPST shown in the SYNC
article and connecting the regulator input
to lug 1 of the first set of switch-poles and
the regulator output to lug 2 (C) of this
first set of poles, the external regulator is
shunted out of the circuit for full voltage
in this switch position which is used in
SAVE mode. For the 7V output used for
cooler operation in all other modes than
SAVE, connect the regulator GND term-
inal (3) to lug 2 (C) of the second set of
switch poles and connect a 330 resistor
in series between lug 3 of this second set
of poles and ground (-). The shunt resistor
is omitted. Do not use this configuration
with power sources greater than 13
WVDC.
The edgeboard connector problems
can occur because of oxidation of the
soldercoating on the connector strips
even when mechanical stability has been
secured. Swab both sides of the connector
Retail
16.95
9.95
15.95
12.95
19.95
Discount
13.56
7.96
12.76
10.36
15.96
strip liberally with TV contact cleaner/
lubricant and slide the RAM pack on and
off several times. Insert the pack fully,
then back it off just enough that the
contact fingers are not pried open by
pressure of the pack case against the
computer case.
RAM pack wobble may be prevented
in various ways: 1) Mount both the com-
puter and the RAM pack on a flat mount-
ing board (3/4” chipboard is fine) with a
bit of picture-mounting tac-dough under
each corner of the computer and under
the RAM pack legs will ensure they do
not move relative to each other. 2) Some
have had success also by putting extra-
high pads under the computer so that the
RAM pack hangs free from the con-
nector. 3) Ribbon-cables with connectors
on each end also work well. 4) Hard-
wiring and placing both the RAM pack
and computer inside a grounded metal
cabinet as used with some keyboards is
the best approach of all.
New Pads
My answer to RAM pack wobble was
to get some sticky pads at Radio Shack
(1/2” in diameter by 1/8” thick) to replace
the standard pads. At the keyboard end I
put 2 pads 1/2” closer to the expansion
port. At the port end, they are 1/2’ O.C.
19.95
12.95
10.95
17.95
14.95
15.96
10.36
8.76
14.36
Call us at (312) 991-5285 for a list of titles and products or
write: A. +Associates, 175 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3119 NYC
10010. To order a title listed here, send a check or money order
with a note indicating selection plus $1 postage / handling, .50
for each additional program. Illinois and New York State
residents please add sales tax. Orders shipped immediately.
+ Associates
NEW YORK / CHICAGO
A.
CIRCLE 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD
YOU CAN HAVE
ALL THE ANSWERS
With the most complete Sinclair software library available.
by
DR. IAH LOGAN
UNDERSTANDING YOUR ZX81 ROM
by Dr. lan Logan
SYNC Magazine said: “SYNC readers will recognize
Dr. Logan as a major ZX80/81 expert whose writings
are well worthwile. Understanding Your ZX81 ROM is
no exception. The book falls logically into five parts:
a brief review of the Z80 CPU, next a quick intro-
duction to the internal arithmetic and number base
manipulations; a discussion of the Z80 machine code
instructions grouped by function; a detailed exam-
ination of the relevant parts of the 8K ROM; Dr. Logan
introduces machine code programming by treating it
as an extension to Basic; and complete listings of the
more important 8K ROM routines are given as well as
the usual tables of machine code language
instructions, decimal-hexadecimal conversions, and
keycodes. Understanding Your ZX81 ROM should be
high on your list.” Now available for only $14.95
MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
MADE SIMPLE
Michael Roberts, SYNTAX Magazine wrote:
“| wanted to review this book because I’m the person
it was written for. | taught myself BASIC and can
now do most of the things | want to with it. | felt that
Machine Language would be a good addition to
speed up some programs and improve display. The
idea of Machine Language ‘made simple’ appealed
to me. It's the best explanation of Machine Language
for Machine Language beginners I've seen.
N
30 PROGRAMS
FOR THE
SINCLAIR
Its friendly style is painless reading g
analogies help make this language
This introduction is a must.” Now ay
only $14.95
NOT ONLY 30 PROGRAMS
nuun
Seen
eT Beeenn
Blackjack, Wall Breaker, Mini um
1K Draughts, but also each g e @
programming hints, space s z PAM a
PEEK and POKE explained/ fyi "Tho ha "im User
Om 7 k - th
ZX Computing said “This | hoy, “tails, ig on fel POMSi ma le Soy Ware Cito :
can be crammed into Sin c S
Now available for only Í
ZX81 ROM Disassembly techie:
Dr. Logan and Dr. Frank O'Hara Hawes
all routines in the ROM and comment on edhe:
L'Ordinateur Individuel (the leading French personal
computing magazine) said: “Dr. lan Logan has
disassembled the 8K monitor program of the ZX81/
TS1000. For those who want to write programs in
cassettes are also availa
Plus
award winning
software!
machine language, it is PART A which is the more
interesting, because it contains the majority of BASIC
commands, while Part B is far more technical,
comprising essentially of the ZX81/TS1000's floating
point calculator. In conjunction with Understanding
Your ZX81 ROM this book allows anyone well
The Complete pg
Ruaiaie SLN R Amex NNE pees
B orders to: MELBOURNE HOUSE SOFTWARE INC.
gm Dept. CS 347 Reedwood Drive, Nashville, TN 37217
= TAPES:
i 13941 Gamestape 1:11 Programs -1K
13942 Gamestape 2: 3 Games-16K
@ (| 13943 Gamestape 3: Catacombs
g Adventure-16K
g ] 13944 Gamestape 4: 3D Monster Maze -16K
] 13945 Gamestape 5: 3D Orbiter -16K
@ (| 26446 Space Trek-16K
a 1] 26359 Super Invasion-1K
[} 26318 Wall Busters-1K
E 5 26472 10 Exciting Programs-1K
© (1 26284 Reversi-1K
m C 26406 Toolbox-1k
© 26490 Basic Course 2 cassette pack
@ = ( 14026 Combat Flight-16K
z
g
E Enclosedis my check or money order for $
es Please charge my M Visa or O MasterCard
g Signature
E Address
Card #
eee eS ee OVO EAE R FE as AE ae LES SS
BERBER BRB BRB RRRERRERER REPRE RERRERRRRERERRERERRRSRRREREREEEES
MELBOURNE HOUSE SOFTWARE
Visa and M/C orders Dealer orders and queries: 800/251-5900 W
can be phoned in: 615/361-3738 (ask for a Melbourne House operator) Ea
BOOKS: 5
$14.95 [] 25895 The Complete Basic Course $34.50 g
$14.95 © 25957 Machine Language Programming a
Made Simple $14.95
$14.95 © 20922 The Complete Timex/Sinclair a
$14.95 5 ROM Disassembly $19.95 a
$14.95 26025 Not Only 30 Programs $9.95 z
$14.95 25913 Understanding Your ZX81 ROM $14.95
$14.95 O 51539 Ins and Outs of the Timex $1295 B
$14.95 TS1000 KA
$14.95
$14.95 gS
$14.95 3 E
$7.50 TOTAL: $ m
$14.95 Residents of CA, MD, TN, please add sales taxes: =
Add $2 for Shipping & Handling, foreign orders add $6: 8
SYNC7 TOTAL: $ a
E
expiration date Ez
Name
States > aup
eaa CE Te et
sedate ree EE E
CIRCLE 43 ON READER SERVICE CARD
AN TVA dOL = SADIYd LSANOH + ALITVND LS3G
ka
INTERFACE
JOYSTICK
Interface to use 2 joy-
sticks with the ZX-81
games. Work instructions
detailed to prepare their
own programs controlled HARDWARE > Geshe cone
by joystick and to adapt ponents + Strictest Quality Control in
the ones already existing the industry assure the very best for
to be controlled by joy- your ZX81/TIMEX 1000.
sticks. $39 ALL FROM ONE MANUFACTURER
MEMORY
EXPANSIONS
Highest Technology and
gold plated connectors
for unbeatable results. All
piggy back port for other
add-ons and LED indi-
cator.
16 K = $54
32 K = $95
64 K = $135
QS SOUND GENERATOR
Integrating the AY-3-8910 chip with 16 internal records. 3
independent tone generators. Scale of 5 octaves. Led to
inform when the generator is working. Volume potenti-
ometer and amplifier output. $49
RIBBON CONNECTOR
Extends the ZX-81 BUS to avoid
failures in the memory and peri-
pheric connection. $19
CENTRONICS INTERFACE
Interface to connect the ZX-81 to a serial printer
which can work under this norm. $69
PRINTER CABLE $16
INTERFACE FLOPPY DISK (SUGAR)
Based on standard unit of 5% with controller
interface. It has 43 K bytes of storing. Possibility
of working with file. Programs loading in less
than 20 seconds. $115
QS
PROGRAMMABLE
CHARACTER
GENERATOR
Allows to program 128
new graphic characters.
It has 1 K RAM to store
them. Switch ON/OFF
to select new charac-
ters or Sinclair charac-
ters. $45
AN IVA dOL = SA90Idd LSANOH + ALITVND 1S3
PROFESSIONAL KEYBOARD
52 keys - Fully assembled - No soldering - Outlets for MIC. EAR.
TV. etc. $89
SUBSPACE STRIKER
It comes from out of nowhere and
then vanishes back into the ether.
With your deadly antimat torpe-
does, you unleash havoc in the
Federation's Spacelanes.
Plus Zor battle of the robots.
$12
SUBSPACE
Bh discal
CROAKA CRAWLA
$12
Author: John Field
It's not easy being a frog what
with the trucks and lods, the cro-
codiles and turtles. The continual
battle for survival, struggle with
the universe ... Us frogs do some-
times get a little carried away,
see you on the far bank.
Special Features: Flies, croco-
diles, Sinking turtles, Inverted
logs, Progressive difficulty attack
waves.
GALAXIANS
& GLOOPS
33 om “
SCRAMBLE
GALAXIANS & GLOOPS
Author: T. Beckwith
QS SCRAMBLE
Author: Dave Edwards
The peaceful Fragnn battle the A landscape of mougit
large Wobbly Galaxian birds with teaus and vallies skd
a device built of dragon gut and ship as waves of ali
with small furry bombs, ’Splach, firing from above an
Ploof,Splach, Ploof, Tank, Ploof ... up from she. ground.
A keen eye and a fast hand help. explod@ below as you
Special Features: Two types of
swooping, bombing, galaxian, All
fully adjustable.
engmy craft ...
GLOOPS: An amazing maze gą
DAAA AAAI
(J AMERICAN EXPRESS
Mail:
Sinclair Place e O VISA
P.O. Box 2288
Redmond, WA 98052
SS
Phone: (206) 483-1730 ADDRE
CALL TODAY TOLL FREE
T R A D p g A trilogy of 16 K programs that combine to give an epic 48K
cece W As an intergalactic door to door salesman, you do the rounds of
C MASTERCARD
O CHEQUEIP.O.
SOFTWARE - Quicksilva s
latest bits make your ZX81/TIMEX
1000 give you the best in exciting
entertainment and fun.
PIONEER TRAIL $12
Author: Marion Stubbs
A Western adventure Featuring
20 levels of play. Mind Game’
plus shooting rifle speed uses all
keys and is measured against the
players personal average respon-
se. This game.is based on histo-
rical data.
MUNCHESS
PIONEER
MUNCHESS $12
Author: A. Laird
Beware the Munchees, a board
creaks in the time lost corridors.
A ghostly presence, a rush of
wind, a forgotten echo whispering
around the house and following
chuckle of ghosts rolling forward
on cold breezes ...
Special Features: Ghostly ghosts,
pills and fruit, Munchy munchees.
ANTIVWA dOl = SADIYd LSANOH + ALITVNOD LSA
TRADER
graphic adventure. As a galactic trader, you deal with some very
bizarre customers indeed. Will you live to tell the tale?
It is hard enough to look at an amorphus hydrosilicon blob from
Psi, never mind swing a deal with one. But when they ask to pick
your brains, do you really know what they have in mind ...?
%
the Moons od Meridien, a beautiful gas giant in the Altair system
some 16 light years from Earth. The life is tough. the bargaining
hard. You can gain fame and fortune or end up spaced out ina
Deltan hellhole.
You deal in Synthomunch and Boosterspice, Petrochem and
Gold. You meet other ex-Terrans and unimaginable alien creatu-
res. YOu go gravity diving in your little spacehooper ‘Pegasus’
and have to land on a solid chunk of Uranium to pick up fuel.
$14
POP ININ PN IN PN IN IN OR ON OR
Mail: Sinclair Place
P.O. Box 2288
Redmond, WA 98052
Y ITEM PRICE TOTAL ||
SHIPPING and HANDLING
ANTIVA dOL = SSADIYd LSANOH + ALNYVNO LSA
ole POLK STREET —
Hardware
DISK INTERFACE
PERTEC DRIVE
POWER SUPPLY
XEROX CASE
64K RAM
16K RAM
HI RES PACK
PRINTER N INT
EZ-KEY KEYBOARD
HUNTER BOARD
FORTH BOARD N DOC.
SEE THRU INT. COVER
VU MONITOR
STARTING FORTH BOOK
UHF MODULATOR
BMC MONITER
MONITER CONVERSION
MONITER SWIVEL STAND
TIMEX/ 1000
TIMEX/ 1500
TIMEX/2048
TIMEX PRINTER
$189.95
$225.00
$ 89.95
$ 49.95
$149.95
$ 49.95
$ 99.95
$399.95
$ 84.95
$ 59.95
$ 49.95
$ 14.95
$ 19.95
$ 22.00
$ 15.00
$109.95
$ 15.00
$ 39.95
$ 49.95
$ 79.95
$199.95
$ 89.95
GUTTENBERG, N.J. 07093
21st CENTURY ELECTRONICS
Business Series
A—SALESDATA 2E
16K complete sales storage and
analysis report for up to 30 customers
for a quarter year. Comes in a book
form with a master tape and 2 blanks,
and complete forms documentation. A
hard copy can be made of all the
reports.
B—FILEDATA 2E $26.95
16K not only files names, addresses,
zip, telephone no., but allows you 2
lines of comment per entry. It contains
an alphabetical sort and allows you to
change any part of any entry. A hard
copy can be made of the complete
entry or just the mailing address. All
Series 2E programs come with full
documentation.
C—PAYDATA 2E $34.95
16K complete payroll program for 25
people. Includes hard copy mode for
$34.95
pay stubs, and accountant information,
automatic overtime calculations for
over 40 hrs., and all federal tax deduc-
tions are set in the program. There are
also instructions allowing you to set
your own State taxes. All Series 2E
programs are user friendly.
CIRCLE 72 ON READER SERVICE CARD
wet ee ELECTRONICS
(201) 869-2616
Books and Software
THE SINCLAIR 2X81
PROGRAMMING FOR
REAL APPLICATIONS
ZX-81/ TIMEX
BASIC AND MACHINE
PROGRAMMING
STARTING FORTH
BY LEO BRODIE
STARTING FORTH
HARD COVER
MOTHERSHIP
BIORHYTHMS
SUPER CHESS
MASOGS
FINANCIAL MANAGER
THE GAMBLER
FLIGHT SIMULATOR
CHECKBOOK MANAGER
THE FROGGER
UNDERSTANDING BASIC
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REIT ai re nN EN se 9 ETS 0 on eens SRP UE SSE re SES UO RSET URrnaal
from the edge of the computer. On the
other axis they are in line with the
originals.
Andreas Rainwater
Rt. 1, Box 57-A
Coyle, OK 73027
Screen Display
Problems
RAM Pack Buzzing Sounds
Raymond Fowkes in SYNC 2:4 sug-
gested soldering two foil tabs on the
underside of the PC board together with
a short piece of wire to solve the problem
of the buzzing sounds caused by the 16K
RAM pack. Is this safe for the computer?
John Torrance
41 Alpine Pl.
Kearny, NJ 07032
Comment by Raymond Fowkes:
I learned that there was more to the
story after I wrote to SYNC. My ZX81
was a kit, and it seems that Sinclair left
out the instructions for installing the long
thin metal grounding strap in the com-
puter (not the RAM pack as a few
thought). This raised the resistance in the
0 volt trace just enough to cause noise
when the extra load from the RAM pack
was added.
Therefore, anyone who does not have
a long thin silver strip of metal running
across the noncomponent side of the
ZX81 may solder a wire to the two large
pads of bare foil (labeled TB in Figure 2)
on the underside of the PCB. One is next
to the edge connector where the RAM
pack is attached; the other is in the oppo-
site corner next to the regulator (the 3-
prong IC on the component side with the
big metal heatsink). Factory assembled
units should be OK in this respect, but
those with hardware experience who are
very careful could further reduce the
noise by connecting wires in parallel with
other traces, especially the one carrying
5V to the edge connector though this is
not advised because of various risks.
Comment:
I referred the above question to
Raymond Fowkes for clarification. I note
from letters by owners of factory built
ZX8is that some may have defective
solder connections on this strip or else it
may not be making proper contact with
the metalized coating inside the case. The
result is increase TVI, which the 16K
RAM pack may raise to an even higher
interference level. The solution is to make
sure that all the solder connections are
secure by reheating them and ensure that
the strip is making contact with the case
by arching it slightly higher above the
board in the center. However, this will
not cure the noise which originates in the
voltage converter in the RAM pack itself.
This feeds back transient noise into the
September/October 1983 © SYNC
computer power line as well as radiating
RFI if all the grounding strips in the RAM
pack are not making proper contact with
the metalized coating in the case. Some
16K RAM packs, such as Memotech, do
not use this power conversion and so
produce less RFI.
The solution involves the adding of
suppression around the Zener diodes
which originate the most of this noise,
but, unless the proper components are
identified, the RAM could be disabled. A
thin metal box formed to fit over the
RAM case and grounded to the TV mod-
ulator case (but not touching the edge-
board connector) will alleviate the RFI
which affects the TV display. Heavy alum-
inum foil may be used. (See Bruce Kirk’s
letter.)
Dark Bands and Noise
The 16K RAM from Apropos Technol-
ogy worked well on my ZX80 except for
considerable noise in the TV display. By
covering the ZX80 and module with alum-
inum foil grounded to the coax to the
TV, I reduced the noise. However, when
I used the 16K on the TS1000, two darker
horizontal “bands” appeared in the TV
display, moving slowly and evenly down-
ward. The display itself (symbols and
spacing) was not affected although these
bands overloaded the TV sync and caused
CYBORGWARS
NOT ANOTHER TOY
minor “tearing” of the picture.
Bruce P. Kirk
RR 4, Box 4033 B
La Plata, MD 20646
Comment:
Your “fix” of the noise problem with
the foil shows the need for more adequate
shielding -in the RAM pack case unless
the noise source is corrected by suppres-
sion at the internal power converter of
the RAM.
The moving horizontal bands in the
TV display may be partially from trans-
ients going back into the computer along
the 9V bus from this power converter
noise. Usually such bands indicate inad-
equate filtering of the DC power supply.
This may easily be corrected by connect-
ing a 2200 uF 35WVDC capacitor be-
tween the DC power cord leads. However,
the loss of TV sync and tearing may
indicate a combination of RFI, noise
transients on the power bus of the com-
puter, and excessive ripple in the power
input. You may have to work on these
one at a time.
RFI Trash
The RFI trash on my portable TV
screen is very annoying. However, on my
17” TV the screen is crystal clear. What
does my large TV have that my small one
does not? Is there a circuit I can build for
BUT A COMPLEX SIMULATION OF FOUR MILITARY- INDUSTRIAL
ECONOMIES LOCKED IN A DEADLY STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL.
ONE TO FOUR PLAYERS COMPETE WITH EACH OTHER AND/OR
THE COMPUTER.
BALANCE OF POWER DEPENDS UPON
SKILL IN DEVELOPING RESOURCES, USE OF ESPIONAGE,
EXPLOITATION OF ALLIANCES, AND UTILIZATION OF MILITARY
POTENTIAL.
REQUIRES ZX81 OR TS1000 WITH 16K RAM.
ORDR FORM OR CORI
Send $14 (plus $1 for shipping) to:
STRATAGEM CYBERNETICS, INC.,
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CIRCLE 65 ON READER SERVICE CARD
27
my small set to solve the problem?
Rick Goulian
1525 N. Euclid, Apt. 121
Tucson, AZ 85719
Comment:
The tuning section and selectivity of
the 17” TV may be better or have better
shielding. Some TVs are designed for
better RF harmonic rejection than
others.
1) Be sure that the built-in antenna or
rabbit-ears are completely disconnected
from the TV input terminals and discon-
nect the CATV or other antenna leads.
Relocate them and the TV power cord
and the computer power cord as far as
possible from each other.
2) Sometimes it helps to put 2 or 3
ferrite sleeves on both these power cords,
respectively, as near the TV and the com-
puter as possible. Wind the cord through
the hole several times. (Radio Shack has
assorted packages.)
3) The length of the cable between the
computer and the TV may be critical
with some tuners. The 48” length supplied
with the computer is designed to be one-
fourth wave-length at the pix frequency
of TV channel 3 for maximum signal-
transfer to noise ratio. The TV/computer
switch box supplied lengthens this enough
to provide a match for TV channel 2, in
length and in impedance. Clean the switch
contacts by spraying TV contact cleaner/
lubricant liberally inside the box and
working the switch back and forth.
4) Some 16K RAM packs emit exces-
sive RFI back to the computer and also
as radiation. Use the computer only on a
non-metallic desk or table, or place it on
a sheet of heavy foil grounded to the
outer conductor of the TV cable plug or
to the TV modulator case. It may help to
fold the foil up and around the RAM
pack also. (See Bruce Kirk’s letter.)
5) When severe TV interference oc-
curs, either from RFI from the computer/
peripherals or from being in a strong sig-
nal area on the channel used by the VHF
modulator or on an adjacent channel, the
only real solution may be to replace the
VHF modulator with a UHF modulator
(see SYNC 3:1, p. 72). Try adding a short
patch cable (4-6”) to the existing TV cable
if the UHF signal to the TV seems to be
down.
6) Another solution is get a well-
shielded cord for connecting the com-
puter to the TV.
A ZX81 and an 18 year old Sony
My ZX81 kit works only with my 18-
year old Sony portable TV. It works best
with the gain control turned down. With
other TVs the ZX81 seems to be putting
out too much signal and overdrives the
screen resulting in an unusable, cross-
hatched pictures. I have tried turning
down the AGC on several TVs as well as
a different TV/game box to no avail.
Ross A. Rainwater
305 Regal Dr.
Lawrenceville, GA 30245
Comment:
The cross-hatching would indicate the
problem is RFI rather than overdriving,
which in effect is superimposing one or
more spurious signals to the TV over the
top of the desired one. The Sony gain
control apparently reduces these other
signals enough that only the legitimate
one is visible in the display. Some TVs
have better front-end shielding and selec-
tivity and adjacent-signal-rejection than
others, which may account in part for the
difference in those you have tried.
Small coupling trim-pad capacitors
placed in each side of the TV lead-pair in
the T'V/game switch box might help tune
out and attenuate the unwanted signals.
Drill small holes in the box directly over
the trim-pads so they can be adjusted
with the box closed, using a non-conduct-
ing tool.
A better solution, however, would be
to prevent or shield off as much of the
interference as possible at the source.
See above for suggestions for RFI
problems. a
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CIRCLE 3 ON READER SERVICE CARD
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David H. Ahl
Making Borders and a
Bouncing Ball
David Grosjean
We will begin our series on compar-
ative programming with the Panasonic
JR-200, the Vic-20, and the TS1000.
Our first exercise is to develop step by
step the routine for creating a border
around the screen and then vary its
dimensions. Our second exercise is de-
velop a routine for a bouncing balt. Both
exercises are useful in certain types of
games.
Making Borders
Our first exercise is easy on the JR-
200 and TS1000 because they have the
PLOT command, while the Vic-20 does
not. First, lets look at the PLOT
command.
On the JR-200, the X axis is along the
top (from 0 to 63), and the Y axis is
down the left (from O to 47). On the
TS1000, the X axis is along the bottom
of the screen (from 0 to 63), and the Y
axis is up the left side (from 0 to 43).
Let’s PLOT a single point at the cen-
ter of the screen. Notice that a rather
complicated method of cursor move-
ment is the simplest method for the Vic,
while the JR-200 and TS1000 use the
easier PLOT command.
JR-200: TS1000:
PLOT 31,23 PLOT 30,21
VIC-20;
5 PRINT ‘ ‘#’’
10 FOR |=1 TO 11
20 PRINT ‘ ‘####’’ ;
30 NEXT |
40 PRINT ‘ ‘###’’
Line notes for the Vic:
5: The control character is a clear
screen character.
10: The control characters
September/October 1983 © SYNC
in the
quotation marks are: reverse on, cursor
right, cursor down, reverse off.
40: The control characters are: reverse
on, one space, reverse off.
To light up this point without any
other printing on the screen, use these
short programs:
JR-200: TS1000:
10 CLS 10 CLS
20 PLOT 31,23 20 PLOT 30,21
30 GOTO 20 30 GOTO 20
To the Vic version above, add 50
GOTO 50. This does not keep printing
the point over and over again, but it does
avoid printing on the screen.
Now, how can we expand this one
point to a whole line? One way would be
to use a series of PLOT statements. For
example:
JR-200: TS1000:
10 CLS 10 CLS
20 PLOT 1,293 20 PLOT. T21
30 PLOT 2,23 30 PLOT 2,21
40 PLOT 3,23 40 PLOT 3,21
& a
a a
640 PLOT 63,23 640 PLOT 63,21
Obviously, this is very inefficient and
cumbersome. We could use å FOR-
NEXT statement instead:
JR-200: TS1000:
10 CLS 10 CLS
20 FOR X=0 TO 63 20 FOR X=0 TO 63
30 PLOT X,23 30 PLOT X,21
40 NEXT X 40 NEXT X
50 GOTO 20 50 GOTO 20
Vic-20:
5 PRINT ‘ ‘#’”’
10 FOR |=1 TO 11
20 PRINT ‘ ‘###’? ;
30 NEXT |
70 GOTO 70
Line notes for the Vic:
5: Control character is to clear screen.
20: Control characters are: reverse on,
cursor down, reverse off.
50: Control characters are: reverse on,
one space, reverse off.
These programs simply draw a hori-
zontal line and, when finished, draw it
over and over again.
As long as we are varying X from the
left to right of the screen, why not draw
two horizontal lines at once, one at the
top and one at the bottom? Here are the
programs to do this:
JR-200: TS1000:
10 CLS 10 CLS
20 FOR X=0 TO 63 20 FOR X=0 TO 63
30 PLOT X,0 30 PLOT X,0
40 PLOT X, 47 40 PLOT X,43
50 NEXT X 50 NEXT X
60 GOTO 20 60 GOTO 20
Vic-20:
On the Vic, drawing one line using
cursor movement is fairly easy, but
when you get into more than that, it is
easier to POKE into the screen memory.
From now on, we will only use POKE.
In the following program, SM is the
start of screen memory, and the control
character in line 10 is the clear screen
control character.
In lines 40 and 50, the second POKE
command POKEs into the color mem-
ory. This is to insure that what you
POKE into the screen memory is not the
same color as the background. Now that
we are POKEing, there are no X,Y co-
ordinates; each space on the screen is
numbered consecutively, so our equa-
tions for the correct display must
change.
10 PRINT ‘ ‘#’”’
20 SM=7680
30 FOR !=0 TO 21
40 POKE SMt+! , 160: POKE 3
8400+11 ,2
50 POKE SM+484tI ,160:PO
KE 38884,2
60 NEXT |
But we want to have vertical borders,
too. We can use the same loop by adding
two more PLOT statements.
29
INTRODUCING
EPROM SOFTWARE FOR
TIMEX-SINCLAIR COMPUTER
MEMOTECH INTRODUCES THREE NEW
SOFTWARE PACKAGES FOR YOUR
TIMEX-SINCLAIR.
All Memotech software is compatible with both the ZX-81 and
TS-1000 computers and comes in its own Memopak case that plugs
directly into your computer.
MEMOCALC
Now there’s a powerful tool to assist you with reports and financial
forecasts. Memocalc, our spreadsheet analysis software, on EPROM,
enables TS-1000 and ZX-81 users to perform complex number crunching
routines with ease. With Memotech’s 64K RAM a table of up to 7000
numbers with up to 250 rows or 99 columns can be specified. Quick
revisions can be achieved by entering new data to your formula. Then,
by entering the command CALCULATE, the information is reevaluated
and displayed.
Spreadsheet analysis started as an aid to cash-flow analysis, but
this powerful tool has now been generalized and Memocalc with it’s
special ability to perform interactive calculations is invaluable in the
performance of numerical tasks.
MEMOTEXT
The Memotext word processor, on EPROM, brings commercial
standards of text editing to your computer. Text is first arranged in 32
character lines for the screen with comprehensive editing facilities. On
output the user simply chooses the line length for printing and the
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MEMOPAK ASSEMBLER
The Memopak Assembler, on EPROM, is for those who want to roll
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The editor mode allows you to code directly in the right format,
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TS-1000 is a registered trademark of Timex Corp.
FROM MEMOTECH ...THE WORLD’S LARGEST
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Mail To: Memotech Corporation, 7550 West Yale Ave., Denver, CO 80227
Code: SY-9 Price* Qty. Total
Memocalc $49.95
Memotext 49.95
Memopak Assembler 49.95
Shipping and Handlin 4.95 $ 4.95
Tax (Colorado residents only)
TOTAL $
*All prices quoted in U.S. dollars. Prices and specifications subject to change without notice.
C Check [] MasterCard (J Visa
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Address
City State Zip
ee etre AE n Pee ioe, Eo) a MEI ee phe Caen
TIMEX MAKES THE
COMPUTER,
BUT WE MAKE IT TICK.
If you own a TS-1000 or ZX-81 computer and want to bring out the power within it, you’ll want Memotech. From easier input to high
quality output and greater memory, Memotech makes the add-ons you demand. Every Memotech peripheral
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High Resolution me Memopak RAM
MEMOPAK RAM All Memopak RAMs are directly addressable, user transparent, are neither switched nor
paged and no additional power supply is required. You can also choose the Memopak RAM which is just
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the 64K RAM a table of up to 7000 numbers with up to 250 rows or 99 columns can be specified.
Quick revisions can be achieved by entering new data to your formula.
MEMOTECH KEYBOARD For ease of operation, the Memotech keyboard is a high quality
standard typewriter keyboard, with TS-1000 legends. The keyboard is cable connected to a buffered
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CENTRONICS PARALLEL AND RS232 INTERFACES
Memotech’s Interfaces enable your TS-1000 to use a wide range of
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SEIKOSHA GP 100A PRINTER The Seikosha GP 100A uses a 5x7 dot matrix printing format with
ASCII standard upper and lower case character set. Printing speed is 30 characters/second with a
maximum width of 80 characters. The printer uses standard fanfold paper up to Pea oes ae ee) oe eee eae 7
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ORDER AT NO RISK. All Memotech | “Raw 149.95
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Memotech product comes with a six me 2
month warranty. Should anything be Shipping and Handling 495 $495
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the order coupon or call our toll-free number QOQ / 662- 0949. | SPee all aradin 30 beee iae daraa A T E
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TOTAL
TS-1000 is a registered trademark of Timex Corp.
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CORPORATION | Adres
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7550 West Yale Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80227, 303/986-1516, TWX 910-320-2917 Pea ce a RUE R Seg ETE ie
JR-200:
10 CLS
20 FOR X=0 TO 63
30 PLOT X,0
40 PLOT X, 47
50 PLOT 0,X
60 PLOT 63,X
70 NEXT X
80 GOTO 20
TS1000:
10 CLS
20 FOR X=0 TO 63
30 PLOT X,0
40 PLOT X,43
50 PLOT 0,X
60 PLOT 63,X
70 NEXT X
80 GOTO 20
But a value error occurs in line 50 be-
cause X exceeds the maximum Y value
that can be plotted. This can be fixed
easily be adding a line before 50 to test
for a value of X over the maximum.
JR-200: 45 IF X>43 THEN 70
TS1000: 45 IF X>47 THEN GOTO 70
This final program is one of the
shortest ways to draw a border. Of
course, if you are using this routine in
another program, you would not need
line 80.
Vic-20:
On the Vic letting the overflow mis-
take occur as on the other machines
would be too risky to the program in
memory because we are POKEing.
Therefore we must add the overflow
checking line (line 45) before we make a
possibly disastrous mistake. Several
times while we were developing this rou-
tine, we completely lost control of the
computer and simply had to turn it off
and on again. Needless to say, this re-
quired much retyping. (If you are writ-
ing your own program, you cannot write
the test line first; you must do it through
testing.)
10 PRINT ‘‘#’’
20 SM=7680
30 A=4
40 FOR 1=0 TO 22
45 IF 1>=22 THEN 7
50 POKE SMtI , 160: POKE 3
8400+1,A
60 POKE SM+1+484,160:PO
KE 38884+1,A
70 POKE SMt+1*22,160:POKE
38400tT1+*22,A
80 POKE SM+t | =22+21 , 160:
POKE 38421+1+*22,A
90 NEXT |
100 GOTO 100
On the JR-200, color can be added
caly by adding a line 5. Try these:
5 COLOR 1
5 COLOR 3,5
5 COLOR 2,6,3
To add a variety of color to the Vic,
change line 30 to:
30 A=INT(7*RND(0))
In the previous program, instead of
having the border print at the edges of
the screen, it is possible to let the non X
value vary. We will let the distance or
increment from the edge of the screen be
I. The value of I can be used as the co-
32
ordinate for the top and left side; how-
ever, the right side must be defined as
63-I (JR-200 and TS1000) and the bot-
tom as 47-I (JR-200) or 43-I (TS1000).
This program uses these relationships
to draw a series of concentric borders
which start at random points in the up-
per left quarter of the screen. Note that
the test to see if the maximum Y value
has been exceeded is changed somewhat.
Can you explain why?
JR-200:
10 CLS
20 RANDOM! ZE
30 |=INT(23*RND(0) )
40 COLOR (INT(8*RND(0) )
50 X2=63-|
60 Y2=47-|
70 FOR X=! ii X2
80 PLOT X, ,
90 PLOT X, a
100 IF X2- X<=16 THEN 130
1.0: PLOT 1, X
120 PLOT X2 IR
130 NEXT X
140 GOTO 30
TS1000:
10 CLS
20 RAND
30 LET I=INT cane 22)
50 LET X2=63-
60 LET Y2=43- i
70 FOR X= | ea X2
80 PLOT X,
90 PLOT X, Yo
100 IF X2- X<=20 THEN GOTO 130
110 PLOT | ,X
120 PLOT X2,X
130 NEXT X
140 GOTO 30
Again, since we are not using a co-
ordinate system on the Vic, the equa-
tions to. figure out the parameters of
each border are different from the equa-
tions of the TS1000 and JR-200. Can
you figure out how the equations work?
Tip: lines 100 and 110 draw the hori-
zontal lines. CM is the start of color
memory; SM is the start of screen mem-
ory; B is a random color; I is a random
starting point for the borders. Remem-
ber also that the Vic screen is 22 by 23 (0
to a and 0 to 22).
10 PRINT ‘ ‘#’’
20 SM=7680
30 CM=38400
40 |I=INT(11*RND(0) )
50 B=INT (8*RND(0) )
60 X2=21-|
70 Y2=22-|
80 FOR X=! TO Y2
90 IF Y2-X<=1 THEN 120
100 POKE SM+t | *22+X, 160
: POKE CM+I +22+X,B
110 POKE SMtY2*22+t x,
: POKE CMtY2*22+X,B
120 POKE SMtX+=22+1,160:
POKE CM+X+22+|,B
130 POKE SMtX*22+t+X2, 160
: POKE CM+X+=22+X2,B
140 NEXT X
150 GOTO 40
160
Making a Bouncing Ball
Our second exercise is a simple one
for the JR-200 and TS1000: to produce a
ball that bounces off the borders of the
screen. At this point, we will deal only
with the JR-200 and TS1000 since the
method for doing this on the Vic is
vastly different.
Let’s start with just four main state-
ments: one to give us a starting point for
our plot of a bouncing ball, one to clear
the screen, one to plot the ball, and one
to repeat the plot.
JR-200 TS1000:
10 X=2:Y=2 10 LET X=2
50 CLS 15 LET Y=2
160 PLOT- X- Y 50GLS
160 PLOT X,Y
190 GOTO 160
This is definitely a long way from
bouncing, so let’s get the ball moving by
adding the following lines. Remember,
use SLOW mode on the TS1000 if you
want to see the ball.
190 GOTO 160
JR-200 TS1000
20 |=1: J=1 20 LET |=1
90 X=X+ | 25 LET J=1
100 Y=YtJ 90 LET X=X+ |
190 GOTO 90 100 LET Y=YtJ
190 GOTO 90
As you can see, the same thing hap-
pened as with the border program,
namely, the values exceeded the dimen- -
sions of the screen. To avoid this, we
must add four IF statements to test for
the screen edges. On the TS1000 version,
we combined them into two statements
to increase the speed a little. (As you
know, SLOW mode really is SLOW!)
JR-200:
110 IF X>=62 THEN |=- |
120 IF X<=1 THEN I=- |
130 IF Y>=46 THEN J=-J
140 IF Y<=1 THEN J=-J
TS1000:
110 IF X>=62 OR X<=1 THEN
LET: | ==!
130 IF Y>=42 OR Y<=1 THEN
KET Abs
What happens when you RUN the
program now? Try it and see. Just for
kicks, on the JR-200 version add line
150 to change the color of the ball:
150 COLOR (INT(1+6*RND(0) ) )
While these programs produce in-
teresting patterns, it is hardly a bouncing
ball because the computer does not erase
the previous ball position when it draws
a new one. Add these lines to do that:
JR-200:
70 COLOR 5
80 PLOT X,Y
190 GOTO 70
TS1000
80 UNPLOT X,Y
190 GOTO 70
Now the program works at it ought
to, but you may wish to add a few more
lines that give you the opportunity to
choose whether the trail of the ball be
erased or not. We also added a beep
when the ball hits the edge of the screen
on the JR-200. Here is the final
program:
JR-200:
10 X=2:Y=2
20 |=1: J=1
30 PRINT ‘“*Leave trail
(y,n)’
40 INPUT A$
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CIRCLE 39 ON READER SERVICE CARD
50 COLOR 0,0
60 CLS
70 COLOR 0,0
80: PLOT X,Y
F X>=62 THEN |=-1:BEEP 1
F X<=1 THEN |=-1:BEEP 1
F Y>=46 THEN J=-J:BEEP 1
F Y<=1 THEN J=-J: BEEP 1
OLOR ( INT(1+6*RND(0)))
oO0o0o0000O
Q----<
Bie, heels OR A$=‘‘y’’
190 GOTO 70
TS1000:
10 LET X=2
15 LET Y=2
20 LET |=1
25 LET J=1
Serres: fs LEAVE TRAIL?
40 INPUT A$
50 CLS
70 UNPLOT X,Y
90 LET X=X+ |
00 LET Y=YtJ
10 IF X>=62 OR X<=1 THEN |=- |
30 IF Y>=42 OR Y<=1 THEN J=-J
OU PLOT AL.
180 IF A$=‘ ‘Y’’ THEN GOTO 90
190 GOTO 70
When a trail is left, the plot eventually
fills in only every other screen location.
How could we modify it to fill in every
location? There are two or three ways to
accomplish this, some of which produce
more interesting effects than others.
Hint: try doing it with a random variable
or tricky rebounds.
Vic-20:
The Vic program for making a bounc-
ing ball is altogether different from the
TS1000 and JR-200 versions because we
had to use POKE to produce the same
effect. Let’s start with a few statements
to get a ball onto the screen and to make
sure that it can be seen against the back-
ground. The control character in line 30
is the clear screen control character.
30 PRINT ‘ P
40 X=7680
60 CM=38400
80 B=2
110 POKE X,81:POKE CM,B
That is, of course, a very long way
from bouncing, so we can get the ball
moving with the following lines. As in
the border program, we must add the
checking lines before you test the pro-
gram, unless you enjoy subjecting your
program to a possible crash. Also, be
very certain that you type in the check-
ing lines accurately; they are extremely
important. When you are writing your
own programs using POKE, you will
find that the computer can and will
crash. Then you will have to retype your
program, if you did not SAVE it first.
For experience, try changing the ad-
dresses of some of the POKE commands
and see what happens. It is not a pretty
1
1
1
1
100 X=X+ |
34
120 IF X>8163 THEN I=!
-44
130 IF X<7702 THEN I=!
+44
140 IF (X-7680)/22=INT
ES a THEN |=!
150 IF (X-7679)/22=INT
((X-7679)/22) THEN I=!
2
190 GOTO 80
Now you can modify line 80 to what
is below. This new line 80 gives the ball
a random color. If the color chosen is
white (the starting background of the
Vic), a new color will be chosen. This is
accomplished by the IF statement at the
end:
80 B=INT = RND(0)):
B=1 THEN
Although ‘this program produces
pretty patterns, it is still not a true
bouncing ball because the trail is not
erased. Line 180 erases the trail by
POKEing a space into the last position
of the ball.
180 POKE X, 32
Now the program is complete, but
you may want more frills. The following
program, in addition to bouncing a ball,
gives you the option of erasing the trail
or leaving it, and it adds a beep when the
ball hits a side. Make sure you type this
in exactly as shown.
5 POKE 36874, 249
10 PRINT ‘ ‘LEAVE TRAIL
(Y,N) ee |
20 INPUT A$
30 PRINT ‘ ‘#’’
40 X=7680
50 |=23
60 CM= Sen.
70 A=368
80 BH INT(7* RND(0)):
B=1 THEN 80
90 CM=CMt |
160: XXT]
110 POKE X,81:POKE CM,
120 IF X>8163 THEN I=!
-44:POKE A, 15
130 IF X<7 702 THEN |=!
+44:POKEA, 15
140 IF (X_ 7680) /22=INT
C(A VETON EE E N |=]
2 POKE A15
150 IF (X-7679)/22=INT
((X-7679)/22) THEN I=l|
-2 :POKE A, 15
160 POKE A, 0
170 IF A$=‘ ‘Y’’ THEN 80
180 POKE X, 32
190 GOTO 80
88)
The Panasonic JR-200 Personal Computer
David H. Ahl
The Panasonic JR-200 personal com-
puter from Matsushita has been several
years in the making, and it was worth
the wait.
Handsome Styling
Outwardly, the JR-200 has modern,
pleasing styling. The plastic case mea-
sures 13.5” X 8.0” and slants from a
height of 1” in the front to 2” in the rear.
Finished in silver and matte black in the
keyboard area, the case is rugged and
durable.
Connectors and Switches
An 8-pin D.I.N. connector provides
for an NTSC composite video or RGB
monitor, while an RCA jack gives an RF
signal on channel 3 or 4 at a 75-ohm
impendence. On most current TV sets
with a 75-ohm F-type input the JR-200
produces a crisp, clear image, almost of
monitor quality.
Another RCA jack provides 8-ohm
audio output to an external speaker. Au-
dio power is more than adequate; people
in the rear of a 100-seat conference room
had no trouble hearing the internal
speaker during a demonstration.
A second 8-pin D.I.N. connector is
for the tape recorder. A DIP switch se-
lects either 600 or 2400 bps. We were
pleased to find that the JR-200 per-
formed reliably at 2400 BPS on modest
quality ($19-$29) recorders over a
reasonable range of volume settings on
standard tape.
Two other connectors are for a printer
and an external bus. Via this bus, the
JR-200 has a serial RS-232C port which
may be set up for half or full duplex, 7-
or 8-bit words, and odd, even, or no par-
ity. JR-Basic does not use the standard
format for RS-232C communications.
Although data may be transmitted by
using the OPEN-INPUT#/PRINT#-
CLOSE statements a routine is needed
to send or receive data on the end of the
line.
User-Friendly Keyboard
The keyboard has 63 “Chiclet’’ style
rubberized keys in standard typewriter
layout, a 5” spacebar, two double-width
shift keys, and a double-height return
key. The keys are '/." square with stan-
dard keyboard spacing.
As on the TS1000, each key can make
multiple inputs. The JR-200 has 253
built-in characters: 96 English letters,
numbers, and symbols; 5 Greek letters;
63 graphics characters; 79 Katakana
(Japanese) symbols; and 10 music and
other symbols. All told, this is an excep-
tionally rich character set, right down to
the inclusion of a happy face and stick
figure man. All the symbols are formed
within an 8 X 8 matrix as on the
TS1000.
Although the keys do not provide any
tactile feedback, each keystroke is
accompanied by a beep. All keys can re-
peat except CONTROL, SHIFT, RE-
TURN, and BREAK.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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Screen Display
Like the TS1000, the screen display is
32 X 24, and PLOT gives medium
resolution of 64 X 48. However, very
high resolution images, up to 256 xX
192, are possible with LOCATE (x,y)
which can address each of the 768
locations.
PLOT is also used with COLOR to
select character color, background color,
and display mode. Four display modes
are available: normal, user-defined
characters, inverse color of previous
characters, and alter background color
for positions following the cursor. When
we got the hang of it, we found the
COLOR command very powerful for
producing interesting, and occasionally
bizarre, effects.
Eight colors are available for fore-
ground and background use: blue, red,
magenta, green, cyan, yellow, white, and
black.
Sound
While the JR-200 is theoretically ca-
pable of producing tones from 0 to
65535 Hz, realistically, the usable sound
range is about five octaves, an impressive
achievement in a computer of this size.
The simplest way of producing sound is
with BEEP 1 which turns on the beeper
(880 Hz or A above the middle octave).
The next step up is SOUND (P,L) in
which P is the pitch in Hertz (0 to
65535) and L is the length of the tone in
milliseconds (0 to 255). This is very easy
to use in a program.
More complicated are the PLAY and
TEMPO commands which permit play-
ing tunes with up to three parts over a 5-
octave range at any imaginable tempo.
Notes are stored in memory and may be
played either in foreground (pauses pro-
gram) or background (program contin-
ues) mode.
JR-200 Basic
JR-Basic is not Microsoft Basic, but it
is not far away either. Most of the com-
mands, statements, and functions are
identical or very similar. Let’s look at
some of the more interesting and novel
features.
JR-Basic has immediate mode and
will execute most Basic commands di-
rectly from the keyboard singly or in
groups (separated with a colon) as long
as the maximum line length of 80
characters is not exceeded.
When the JR-200 is fired up, a copy-
right notice appears along with the num-
ber of free bytes. In all configurations,
2052 bytes are reserved for the Basic
work area and the remaining RAM is
available to the user. User memory can
be expanded to 40K. Basic occupies 16K
of ROM while video RAM, I/O, and the
built-in character set use another 6K plus.
36
JR-Basic requires that Basic keywords
be separated by at least one space or a
colon or semi-colon from other charac-
ters. This enhances the readability of fin-
ished programs.
Numeric values can range from 2.9°°
to 1.06°° and are stored and displayed
with nine digits of accuracy. Both nu-
meric and string variable arrays can
have one or two dimensions. Unfortu-
nately, variable names are restricted to
two letters or a letter and a number.
All the standard operators are avail-
able: arithmetic, relational, logical and
string concatenation. LET is optional.
RUN performs its usual function but
can also be imbedded within a program
to run another program or to run the
existing program from any specified line
number, e.g., RUN 480. When used with
a filename (RUN “Border’’), it will load
the program from tape and then run it.
The functions HOPS and VPOS re-
turn the current horizontal and vertical
position of the cursor respectively.
PEEK and POKE function as on the
TS1000. An unusual function is
VARPTR which returns the memory
location where a particular variable is
stored.
On-Screen Editing
A delightful feature of the JR-200 is
full on-screen editing. To correct a mis-
take or make a change you simply list
the line or group of lines to be changed,
and move the cursor with the four direc-
tional keys to the character to be
changed. Then type in the change or use
the insert, delete, or rub out keys. You
then move the cursor to the end of the
line and type RETURN. Whoosh; the
change is made.
FIND searches for a string of charac-
ters and then lists the line(s) with that
combination of characters. LFIND per-
forms the same function but lists the
lines on the printer.
Tape Handling and Files
LOADing and SAVEing are done as
on the TS1000, but there are some addi-
tional commands.
MSAVE and MLOAD permit files or
other material to be saved and loaded di-
rectly from and to memory.
MERGE enables loading one program
at the end of another.
VERIFY checks to see if a program in
memory and on tape match.
PRINT # stores files of data (not
programs) sequentially on tape, and IN-
PUT # reads back the data. While
sequential tape files are not nearly as
handy as random access disk files, the
2400 bps I/O speed is quite tolerable.
Printed Output
The JR-200 has five printer com-
mands: LPRINT and LLIST as on the
TS1000; HCOPY which is the same as
COPY on the TS1000; TAB which tabs
over from the left margin; and SPC
which spaces over from the last cursor
position.
Joysticks
Two DB-9 sockets accept standard
Atari-tyupe joysticks. Values form them
can be read into programs by means of
the STICK function.
Monitor Commands
The JR-200 allows machine language
aficionados to get into the monitor and
the assembly language.
The monitor has only three com-
mands: D, M, and G. D displays 128
bytes of memory from the location from
the address specified and allows you to
alter them. G begins execution of an
assembly language program from a
specified address. Memory locations are
all in hexadecimal.
Software and Support
Panasonic is sincere in trying to pro-
vide support for the JR-200. All the
early machines have been put in the
hands of software developers such as
Datamost—a smart move for getting
third party software on the market. Also
Datamost has produced a version of
their book, Kids and the Apple, for the
JR-200. Likewise, we are in the process
of producing a volume in our ideabook
series for the JR-200, The Panasonic JR-
200 Ideabook.
On the other hand, the preliminary
JR-Basic manual is tough going, has
very few programming examples, and
could in no way be considered user-
friendly. We are told that the Datamost
book will be supplied with the JR-200 as
the Basic programming primer.
In Summary
The Panasonic JR-200 is one of the
nicest new computers to make the scene
in some time. Attractively styled and
easy to use, it boasts an excellent, if not
standard, Basic language. The graphics
are very approachable and, although
resolution is not exceptionally high, the
character set is excellent and allows the
creation of detailed images. The key-
board is among the best of its type and
the separate cursor movement keys
make on-screen editing a joy. The JR-
200 is cassette tape oriented and uses it
well for program and data storage.
Peripherals, documentation, software
and support are, at this time, question
marks although Panasonic appears to be
moving in the right direction on all
fronts.
At the suggested list price of $350, the
JR-200 is an excellent choice. a”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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E 22 ON READER SERVICE CARD
soose
-amex
INTL na
48945 Van Dyke « Utica, MI 48087
Etter From Emgar stephen aaams
Dear Readers,
The number of computer shops selling
small micros is growing daily as is the
number of different computers available.
But one advantage none of them except
the ZX computers seems to have is
SYNTAX checking (that annoying rou-
tine that tells you that you have made a
mistake and that the computer will not
accept the line) on entry. Also most of
them have made economies along the
way, so that user-friendliness goes out the
window, so I still think you have to go a
long way to beat a Sinclair!
By the way, did you know that a com-
puter magazine which does comparisons
between various computers month by
month for the business man compared
the ZX81 with the brand new, very expen-
sive IBM Personal computer and found
that on some arithmetic examples the 1K
machine was faster than the 16 bit 128K
IBM machine! and on another 16 bit 128K
RAM machine only 1.6K was left for the
user to program with after the machine
had taken up its demands on the RAM
for running the computer. This is about
the same as the TS1000!
Software Developments
Software Libraries
A lot of argument has developed re-
cently in England about a new set of
companies called software libraries. They
lend you tapes (after you have paid a
small membership fee) of your favorite
software for a period of a week or two to
see if you want to buy it. If you do, then
you get a discount on the purchase price
of the tape. If, however, you want to try
another tape, then you pay a small fee,
varying from £0.50 to £1.50 to exchange
the tape.
Software companies are, of course, not
in favor of this system as it stops direct
sales of tapes to the user. This is because
the libraries can use the same tape over
and over again. The libraries say that
they ban copying by any of their mem-
bers. However, it is becoming so easy to
copy ZX81 and Spectrum tapes that they
cannot guarantee it.
Some software companies have refused
to deal with these libraries and have even
started court proceedings over the matter.
They say the hiring of tapes is prohibited
by the copyright law and that the libraries
are breaking it by encouraging copying
of their tapes by making it so cheap. Since
the cost of a blank tape is only £0.50,
copying a tape costing over £3.50 for a
friend becomes tempting and profitable.
The question of whether copyright applies
to computer program tapes has never
been settled in court.
This, of course, worries not only the
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CIRCLE 51 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Assemblers convert machine code written in mnemonics
to the numbers the CPU will accept.
ZX software producers but also com-
panies like Commodore (Vic-20/64 and
Pet) and Atari.
However, the buy °n’ try scheme re-
duced its buy back period to one month
which suited the software companies and
the case never went to court. It would
have been nice to see a precedent set as
regards software piracy and copying. Both
sides would have something to go on.
The Law has a very grey area here.
Compilers and Assemblers
Another new market is the increase in
software utilities such as Basic compilers
for the Spectrum. These allow you to
convert a very SLOW Basic program into
a super fast machine code version. How-
ever, they do suffer from two problems:
1) the compilers cannot handle strings
and floating point numbers (only in-
tegers), and 2) the final code contains
what is called “RUN TIME routines” with-
out which the code will not work. These
“Run Time Routines” are copyright, the
compiler writers claim; and, since they
must be included in every machine code
written by a compiler, they claim you
ARE YOU HAVING PROBLEMS
UNDERSTANDING THE MANUAL?
must ask their permission (and pay them
a fee) before selling that program. This
sounds a bit daft as the compilers them-
selves use Sinclair’s ROM routines (which
are copyright), but they don’t pay Sinclair
a penny!
Another useful utility is an assembler.
This converts a machine code written in
mnemonics (a bit like Basic) into the
numbers the microprocessor will accept.
It also allows you to use variables called
LABELs which specify a routine or area
of memory to be sorted out later.
A very good assembler for the
Spectrum is called ZEUS from Crystal
Computing and is written in line numbers,
just like Basic. It also has a full screen
editor which allows you to use the cursor
keys to delete or add text in any part of
the screen. The text (or source file as it is
known) can be printed on to the Sinclair
printer or SAVEd and LOADed separ-
ately from the assembler. The assembler
also allows you to locate the code any-
where in memory or to assemble it for
running somewhere else (in case the area
you want is being used by the assembler).
A monitor is also included which allows
SINCLAIR
ZX81/TS1000
you to view and alter memory with the
same full screen editing. It also includes a
hex to decimal and decimal to hex calcu-
lator. It makes writing machine code as
easy as Basic as it reports any errors found
in assembly or elsewhere. A disassembler
is also available from Crystal to com-
plement the assembler.
Imagine Software
Imagine Software has surprised the
news here by paying programmer £35,000
a year to write games for them. Imagine
is a breakaway group from Bugbyte who
decided to go independent and is now
into a multi-million pound turnover busi-
ness. Their fame is based on the fact that
all of their games are new ideas, not
rehashes of arcade games. Arcadia,
Schzoids, and Wackey Waiters are some
of the best selling machine code games
around and must be the craziest! Wacky
Waiters, for instance, requires you to
deliver food to the guests in the diner,
dodging the boss and drunks, and not
spilling the drinks on the way. Imagine
also promotes the designers of the games
by naming them on the software pack-
NYLON
FORM FITTING
DUST COVER
No probiem. Understanding Sinclair Basic
is a newly developed learning aid which
displays and demonstrates 54 Sinclair
Basic commands. Basic program lines are
displayed and simultaneously run on a
split screen. Go as fast or slow as you like
because the program waits at each line
for your cue to continue. Repeat each
program as often as you like by pressing a
key. Written in machine language and
basic, Understanding Sinclair Basic gives
you a powerful tool with which you can
unlock the mysteries of Basic program-
ming. 16K required.
$10 PLUS ONE DOLLAR FOR POSTAGE/HANDLING.
NEW YORK STATE RESIDENTS ADD 8% SALES TAX.
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO A.+ASSOCIATES,
175 FIFTH AVE., SUITE 3119, NYC 10010
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CIRCLE 82 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ONLY
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Protect your ZX81 from dust, grime and spills with a
quality dust cover from The Computer Trader. The form
fitted cover provides protection during storage or
transport. Available colors: black, tan, royal blue,
brown, navy blue and burgundy.
DEALER & DISTRIBUTOR INQUIRIES WELCOME
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CIRCLE 18 ON READER SERVICE CARD
39
Joysticks must now be programmable or have a
conversion tape to fit the popular games.
aging. And what is so special about their
programmer? He has only just left school
and at 16 cannot apply for a credit card
or a bank account to put his money in! A
wide variety of software is now appearing
for the Spectrum from astrology to music
composition. The music composition pro-
gram, for instance, allows you to write
the tune on the stave (music bars) which
appears on the screen in note form using
very good graphics. Tunes can be stored
and played back either as BEEPs or using
an external 8910 sound chip which gives
three notes, envelope, and noise. This
program should run quite effectively on
the TS2000 as it should have one of these
chips built in.
Weekly Computer Magazines
At least one of the weekly (yes, I do
mean weekly!) hobby microcomputing
magazines has taken a stand. They will
not accept any advertising from software
libraries that do not have an agreement
with software houses whose tapes they
are using.
The number of weekly magazines for
hobby computing has recently increased
to three with the advent of Home Com-
puting Weekly (from the Publishers of
Computing Today) and Personal Com-
puter News (from the publishers of Per-
sonal Computing World). Popular Com-
puting Weekly had been launched in April
1982 by Sunshine Publications. Micros
and their products are now moving so
fast that it only takes a week for the
whole situation to change. These are not
trade papers as they contain reader let-
ters, programs, and advice, all for £0.35 a
week!
Hardware
Developments
Joysticks
The main features of the hardware side
seem to be that joysticks must now be
programmable or have a conversion tape
available to fit them into the most popular
games. Some of the major companies
have even been persuaded to write into
their games a piece of software to use
joysticks made by Kempston Microelec-
tronics. AGF is one of the companies
whose joystick has now been made pro-
grammable It takes an ordinary Atari type
joystick and converts it to operate the
same as pressing any key, so there is no
conversion required in software for any
new game.
Printer Interfaces
Printer interfaces for the Spectrum
have also been making their presence felt
in large numbers to complement some of
the commerial software available.
TASWORD, a very fast 61 character per
line, stores its text on tape (Sinclair’s
microdrives still have not made an ap-
pearance). Originally it could print out
only on the Sinclair printer, but Hilderbay
and others have now produced an inter-
face box with a centronics cable which
will operate through TASWORD and its
own driver software to print out on a full-
sized printer. The graphics characters can
be reprogrammed to give control char-
acters such as underline, proportional
text, enlarged and double height char-
acters under user control. Also 132 or 80
characters per line make a great dif-
ference in formatting a page of text so
that it looks a professional job.
CLICK!
with the
KRADLE
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Full-sized, 50-key keyboard, 64K bytes of RAM and more in a compact
metal case that holds your fully assembled ZX-81/TS-1000.
KRADLE's conventionally styled keyboard uses tactile “click” switches,
a full space bar, double width keys for shift and enter.
Nine extra automatically shifted keys: Function, Graphic, Edit, Delete,
List and Cursor Arrows.
Improved compatibility memory design lets KRADLE use all 64K.
P
MXP: Stores and manipulates
complex formulas without pro-
gramming:
-Solves equations
- Function plotting - output to
printer
‘Complete function set (trig,
log, exp....)
User definable
($15.95)
Engineering, Physic, Math
Modules ($19.95 ea)
module
SCOVI: Software controlled video inverter to improve
displays. No hardware needed. Auto merges with your
program ($9.95)
MEMOSHA: Allows the Seikosha, Radio Shack,
Gorilla, Banana printers to list the entire graphic set
Cassette enhancer makes recorder volume of less importance.
Joystick connector accepts ATARI 2600-type joysticks, mimics the
Graphic & Arrow keys.
Pilot light shows power on and reset circuitry prevents operation under
marginal conditions.
Supports two options: the KRADLE Communicator serial expansion
with real RS-232 capability and the KRADLE Manipulator parallel
expansion for digital I/O (adaptable to parallel printer port).
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tax. Personal checks—allow 10 days to clear.
CIRCLE 40 ON READER SERVICE CARD
using the Memotech interface ($15.95)
SPECTREX: Creates true perspective drawings
from user defined data points; viewing angles may
be changed at will; data is entered only once and is
maintained by resident file manager ($15.95)
FINANCIAL MANAGER 1000; A completely
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CIRCLE 67 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ooi eg yk A EE he ge ee FS ee eee
Three Centronics printer interfaces
have been produced for the Spectrum.
Softest’s interface is designed to work
with the four color Tandy (Radio Shack)
Pen Printer which can draw diagrams
under software control. The other two
are designed to allow you to use any
parallel printer to LPRINT, LLIST and
COPY from inside a Basic program. Both
use Sinclair’s own Basic commands to
control the output to the printer, so no
USR calls are required.
EuroElectronics interface box contains
a ROM which changes LPRINT and
LLIST commands to print on the cen-
tronics printer instead of the Sinclair’s.
LLIST, however, lists until it overflows
on the printer which gives sloppy listings
unlike what appears on the TV screen. It
also cannot handle graphics or special
characters like the underline symbol. To
COPY the screen means LOADing a tape
which puts a machine code program
above RAMTOP and a modification to
the GP100 type printers to remove the
automatic carriage return facility. If this
is not done, you get a blank line between
each character line. The interface costs
£53.48 and is so simple to use that all the
instructions are written on the bottom of
the interface box.
The second interface, from Kempston
Electronics, requires a machine code pro-
gram of 650 bytes above RAMTOP. A
Basic program modifies the machine code
to suit your printer and your program.
Once this is done, the Basic program can
be dispensed with and only the machine
code LOADed when required. The Basic
program allows you to select what char-
acters will be printed instead of graphics,
what type of printer you have (different
printers require different codes for double
width etc.), and, best of all, printer line
length. You can specify a 32 column line
length so that it prints out the listing just
like on the TV screen. The use of a Basic
routine for COPY, however, is a bit disap-
pointing as it is so slow. This is the most
user-friendly interface I have found so
far, cost £49.
Modems
One of the electronics component com-
panies has introduced a modem and
RS232 interface for the ZX81 (and soon
the Spectrum) to work 300 baud over the
telephone line. The restrictions on mo-
dems over here are rather stricter than in
the USA and hence the delay. PRESTEL
is still one of the promised facilities avail-
able when we get the right modem.
Tape Copiers
Tape copiers seem to abound, and it
would seem there is no way that a pro-
gram on tape cannot be copied. Most of
them work on the fact that the Spectrum
allows you to copy any part of the mem-
ory to tape. So, if you can write a program
which will load any program as machine
code and then SAVE it again as an area
of machine code, you end up with an
exact copy, whatever the software com-
panies try to do.
The best copier I have seen is called
ZAP 2.0 which is produced by Scimitar
Software. Copying is, of course, illegal,
but sometimes it is necessary to make a
back-up copy of your software in case the
tape recorder screws the tape up.
Sinclair Developments
The Spectrum was launched in Europe
(very quietly) in April 1983 although some
people had been arranging to get some
directly imported through friends. Each
country though wants programs and
devices written in its own language and
so the importers must do the conversion
as most of the software houses do not
change their software from country to
country. As long as this keeps up, the
European user will be short of both soft-
ware and hardware that is not home
produced.
RAM upgrades for the Spectrum have
been dropping in price, some are now as
FOR TOTAL
; for the
Timex Sinclair 1000
Sinclair ZX80/ZX 81
by David A. Lien =]
CONTROL
-of Your Timex Sinclair
The Only Programming Manual You’ll Need
Learning Timex Sinclair BASIC, Dr. David Lien’s new, 350-page,
comprehensive manual for the Timex Sinclair 1000 and Sinclair
ZX80/ZX81, is the one book that answers all your programming
questions.
Learning Timex Sinclair BASIC’s simple, step-by-step instructions
make it ideal for the classroom. And it’s a must for all Timex
Sinclair owners, especially first-time computer users. Don’t miss
this opportunity to learn from a proven teacher of BASIC how to
write your own custom software.
Don’t waste time with other confusing, incomplete programming
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call 619-588-0996 (8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.).
30-Day Money Back Guarantee
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it to Compusoft in salable condition within 30 days for a full refund.
Please send.
Total Enclosed
Name
Address
City/State/Zip
O Check O Visa
pepe EAE E
$ Signature
CIRCLE 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD
w TT TTT a
Expiration Date
CompuSoft® Publishing
535 Broadway, Dept. #1070983
i El Cajon, CA 92021
copies of Learning Timex Sinclair BASIC at
$14.95 each (Calif. residents add 6%) plus $1.65 shipping and
handling per book within the U.S. Foreign orders, include $2.50
surface shipping and handling per book.
O MasterCard
Please allow 4 to 6 weeks
for delivery. 070983
a
Shs am sae Ss ee cee See ee es G S a A 41
low as £20 for the Model 2 machines.
Sinclair has dropped the supply of RAM
boards to Model 1 users due to the fact
that he cannot compete with independent
companies prices (the Model 1 needs a
PCB instead of just the ICs as there are
no sockets for RAM chips).
Sinclair has also dropped the micro-
drive for the moment, but has promised
that the first 100,000 purchasers of the
Spectrum will be given the first chance to
buy them when they are available. He has
aiso dropped the modem that was going
to interface to the telephone line to pick
up PRESTEL, a nation wide database run
by Britain’s telephone company.
This has disappointed the producers of
a special service called Micro-Net 800
who have had to look elsewhere for mo-
dems for the Sinclairs. Other machines
can already be connected up via an RS232
interface using an acoustic modem and
some specially written software. The idea
of Micro-Net was to sell or give away
software over the phone lines as well as
providing an information service simular
to the Source in the USA. The service
would cost approximately £100. This in-
cluded the price of the modem and soft-
ware to run it over the membership period
of a year. At least 100 free programs were
to be made available for each type of
microcomputer and at night access to the
Micro-Net would only be the cost of a
local phone call.
Sinclair has reduced prices over here
to £39.95 for the ZX81 and £99.95/
£129.95 for the 16K/48K models of the
Spectrum.
The companies I have mentioned are
all in England and are listed below.
Kempston Microelectronics Ltd., 180A
Bedford Rd., Kempston, Bedford MK42
8BL. Tele: 0234 852997.
AGF Hardware, 26 Van Gough Place,
Bognor Regis, W. Sussex PO22 9BY.
Tele: 0243 823337.
TASWORD, TASMAN software, 17
Hartley Crescent, Leeds LS6 2LL.
Hilderbay Ltd., 8-10 Parkway, Regents
Park, London NW1. Tele: 01 485 1059.
Scimitar Software, 3 Palace Gates
Road, London N22 4BW. Tele: 01 889
1099
Crystal Computing, 2 Ashton Way, Sun-
derland SR3 3RX.
Home Computing Weekly, ASP, 145
Charring Cross Road, London WC2 EE.
Tele: 01-437-1002/7
Personal Computer News, Evelyn
House, 62 Oxford Street, London W1A
2HG. Tele: 01-439-4242
Popular Computing Weekly, Hobhouse
Court, 19 Whitcombe Street, London
WC2 7HF. Tele: 01-839-6835.
Softest, 10 Richmond Lane, Romsey,
Hants.
EuroElectronics, 29 Clarence Square,
Cheltenham, Gloucester. Tele: 0242-
582009.
Imagine Software, Masons Buildings,
Exchange Street East, Liverpool L2 ae
Glitchoidz
neport
Connecting a Monitor to the TS1000,
3:4.
The schematic should show a line
from Gnd to the shielded cable as in
the diagram below.
Shielded cable
to monitor
To tape
recorder
transistor
9V
teru EAs
8K ROM; 1K RAM
bad sik in gk following lines:
CO} fr Pd es
re T
es ae a
Piel RUN and ENTER. Observe the
results. Can you figure this one out? Our
thanks to:
Michael Allen
48 Deerpath Rd.
Chalfont, PA 18914
8K ROM; any RAM
APE) in the ee lines:
j
A
|
i
i ga
|
ED kA E
|
TPT CUCM
HO Mx eT
A E peal
TVE
;
EE e CETL e E T ee
E E E EA o EA E EE E
ae TT
rary Tc
|
A
N
“Try This” features short prograr S te
| family and friends, and tickle your ir
_ Send your contributions to: Try This
-NJ 07950. -
Put the computer in SLOW mode for
best results. Press RUN and ENTER. Ob-
serve the results. After you have digested
the display, try the variation in the fol-
lowing lines:
was
TT pep e
Tete
|
a E i ae cy
a a) ee
TM ST ry
be be Te eT oo
Tat) > Des es es es ss
SWC EA EE Be hd Pt
sp: ates
z T p
Pres RUN and ENTER. Which vari-
ation do you prefer? Our thanks to:
Tuan Ton
6837 Carnegie Dr.
Richmond, VA 23226
Ow off your computer, impress your -
hen SYNC arrives at your place.
39 E. Hanover Ave., Morris Plains,
8K ROM; 1K RAM
Let’s try Eric Chandler’s “Try This”
again (SYNC 3:4):
20 FOR N=1 TO 5
30 PRINT CHR$(38+INT(RND*26+
Aal
40 NEXT N
50 PRINT “###”;
60 GOTO 20
Press RUN and ENTER; press CONT
and ENTER for another screen. What
happens here?
Line notes:
20: 5 letters
30: A random letter A-Z
50: 3 spaces after each word (8 * 4 = 32
= a full line).
Our thanks for the correction to:
Eric Chandler
1523 Club Terr.
Lynchburg, VA 24503 Fa
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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e Accommodates all brands of
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WALL STREET™ A competi-
tive game of financial spec-
ulation. 16K Req.
PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN™
Conduct a nationwide cam-
paign to become the next
President of the United
States. 16K Req.
SCYON’S REVENGE™ Real-
istic deep space combat ad-
venture. 16K Req.
THE MONEY MANAGER™
Home and business budget
and cash flow system. 16K
Req.
DISTRIBUTORS
GET TWO TIMEWORKS
neat, specially formed
pockets.
e High impact, black molded
plastic. 35” high, 20” deep,
1412” wide.
screen.
Cat. No
1302
1303
1304
1306
1307
1308
1401
THE COLLECTOR’S COM-
PANION™ Cataloging and
inventory recording system
for all collectibles. 16K Req.
THE INSURANCE PROPER-
TY RECORD™ Home con-
tents inventory recording
system. 16K Req.
THE ELECTRONIC CHECK-
BOOK™ Check recording,
sorting and balancing sys-
tem. 16K Req.
FORGET-ME-NOT™ A re-
cording and retrieval system
for important occasions,
events and appointments.
16K Req.
DATA MASTER™ A general
information storage and re-
trieval system—with exclu-
sive “X-SEARCH”™ Fea-
ture. 16K Req.
5-2K FAMILY PAK™ 5
Household programs for the
basic T/S 1000 and Sinclair
ZX-81 Computers. 2K Req.
PROGRAMMING KIT 1™ A
practical “How-To” learning
approach to Basic program-
ming. 16K Req.
P.O. Box 321, Deerfield, IL 60015 (312) 291-9284
PROGRAMS
FREE
When You Buy
TIME WORKS
“Computer
Control
Center’™
For Timex-Sinclair 1000 and
Sinclair ZX-81 Computers.
Only $2995
FREE
Any Two TIMEWORKS Programs Listed
Below with the ‘Computer Control
Center” (retail value $16.95 ea.)
$6400 value
for $2995
You save $3405
COMPLETE MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
If, for any reason, you are not completely satisfied, you may
return The Computer Control Center, in good condition
(freight prepaid), for a full cash refund. (Software not
included).
RUSH This Coupon Today.
MBR Distributors
PO Box 321 Deerfield, IL 60015
Rush me Computer Control Centers @ $29.95/ea
Plus postage & handling _______@ $4.70/ea
(Illinois residents add 6% sales tax)
ALSO INCLUDE TWO FREE PROGRAMS
(Additional Software @ $16.95 ea)
Cat. No. Qty.
@ no charge
@ no charge
@ $16.95/ea
@ $16.95/ea
TOTAL
Name
Address
City aig ee a State Zip
Checkor MOO VISAO MasterChargeO American Express O
Card No. Exp. Date
Signature
Dept. SY-9
CIRCLE 71 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ESOL Ces
Address Change
Biocal Software, Inc.
167 Wilson St.
Petaluma, CA 94952
(800) 237-8400, x70
Note: Biocal customers who
bought tapes prior to April 1983
which would not LOAD can return
the tape plus $1 for s&h for an
updated tape with documentation.
Services
Repair Service/Maintenance
Agreements
Renewable maintenance agree-
ment keeps your system running.
The only Sinclair Research Ltd.
authorized service center in the
nation. For further details, write
to:
MicroSync Services
Box 2015
162 Marlboro St.
Keene, NH 03431
Programming Aids
Program Name Reader
Reads all names of programs on
tape; prints to screen or to printer.
Sees names one at a time as they
are read from tape. Operates from
REMark statement at 16514. Add
$1 for customization to another
location. 1K MC. Unusual bonus
program included. Listing: $1 plus
long SASE.
Multiple Programs in Memory. 2K
RAM.
Store from 2 to 47 programs
depending RAM. Allows programs
to be. swapped in a split second.
Memory is divided into uniform
sections; sO programs must be
roughly same size. Customized ver-
sion that resides in 8K to 16K
44
block: $1 extra. MC. Listing: $1
plus long SASE.
John Richard Coffey
PO Box 448
Scottsburg, IN 47170
BEST Computer Coach
Audio instruction tapes and
computer program tape package.
Presents audio-visual show for
teaching the meaning and relation-
ship of commonly used computer
terms. For TS1000, but versions
available for other computers.
Write for information. $19.95.
Boston Electronic
Systems Training
1420 Providence Hwy.
Norwood, MA 02062
Engineering
Passive Solar Design Pack
Calculates heat loss, solar gain,
solar fraction, storage mass. $87.85.
SASE for list of programs.
Surveyors Travers Correction
Adjusts angles turned, bearings,
error of closure, area of plot, for
closed, loop travers. $52.85. SASE
for list of programs.
MCS Software
2816 Edmond St.
St. Joseph, MO 64501
Aircraft Performance Program
Charts climb rate vs airspeed to
make performance comparisons of
aircraft under varying conditions
of weight, power, and altitude.
Booklet with listing, explanation of
all equations, and a tabulation of
specifications for 250 production
and homebuilt aircraft: $7.95.
Robert Fingerle
PO Box 7793
Fremont, CA 94537-7793
Electronics/Radio
Electronics Engineer
Menu driven program for the
electronics hobbyist or engineer;
covers voltage division, LED volt-
age dropping, resistor color codes,
and Ohm’s Law. CC and instruct-
ions: $4 pp. (money order).
Steve Dinstbier
1159 W. Taft Rd.
St. Johns, MI 48879
Electronics Subroutines. Combo II.
(FX 1002)
Capacitive time constants; cur-
rent power dissipation inductance;
Ohms Law; Joules Law; parallel;
series resistance; parallel; series
capacitance; etc. $12.95; $1 s&h.
JPR Software
PO Box 4155
Winter Park, FL 32793
Morseman 3
Morse displayed as alpha num-
erics on screen. Training aid; pra-
ctice for speed and accuracy. Auto-
matic decode option for Morse
received by radio to be with suit-
able interface. Decode, generation
of preset messages, random gener-
ation for training. Speeds to 40
wpm. $20; $1.50 s&h.
D. R. Navigation
PO Box 151
Island Station
New York, NY 10044
(212) 980-1646, 308-4237
Navigation
Computer Navigation
7 programs: Great Circle Sailing,
Rhumb-line Sailing, Dead Reckon-
ing, Latitude by noon sight, Longi-
tude by Time Sight, Star and Planet
Identification, and Sight Re-
duction. CC and instructions:
$19.95 pp.
Celestial Software
3010 Warrington Ave.
Lakeland, FL 33803
(813) 686-3311
Radiobeacon Qwikplot
Immediate indication of position
obtained from either 2 or 3 RDF
bearings. In the latter case, fixed
marker indicates median position;
flashing plot point shows the limits
of the “cocked-hat” indicating the
likely accuracy of the observations.
$10.
D. R. Navigation
PO Box 151, Island Station
New York, NY 10044
(212) 980-1646, 308-4237
Math
Statistics Pack
Force, moment, couple, friction,
vectors, US-SI conversions. $19.74.
SASE for list of programs.
MCS Software
2816 Edmond St.
St. Joseph, MO 64501
Vectors and Hyperbolics
Functions. Combo IIT. (FX 1004)
Hyperbolic functions; dot and
cross product of vectors; vector
addition and subtraction; etc.
$12.95; $1 s&h.
Mathematics of Higher Order.
Combo IV. (FX1006)
Arithmetic progression; area of
common figures; complex variables
and operations; exponents; deriva-
tives; logarithms; factorials; etc.
$12.95; $1 s&h.
JPR Software
PO Box 4155
Winter Park, FL 32793
September/October 1983 © SYNC
NEw! |
SAVE $$
| me ONLY
UNLIMITED z S59.
VOCABULARY \ . SYNTHS re
eAmplifier + Speaker Eas
elinput for Built
Ears-Music Units $6995
SPEECH op $ 99
Vocal commands to a computer.
SMART
EARS!
MUSIC SYNTHESIS +16 Line control port (Kit
$49) (Built $59) FLOPPY DISC CONTROLLER
for 3 and 5.25 INCH Shugart compatible
drive (requires cable) for ZX-TS1000-Kit $79,
Built $99. Call for spec.
SUPER ROM BOARD has built in (1) Printer
Interface (2) Eprom Burner (Solid State mem-
ory) (3) Autostart ROM (Program run automat-
aclly everytime ZX is turned on, the best
thing for ZX) ONLY $69
ZX81 ; SeescNirion Y S99
Floppy Disc
Controller 7
| Hugely successful Speech Recogni ition
System. complete with microphone |
AUDIO VISION ADD $3. SHIPPING/CA. RES. ADD 6.5% tx
1279 N. NORMANDIE
| software and full instructions
LOS ANGELES, CA 90027 | (213) 660-5217
| | BUILT TESTED & GUARANTEED
—— —_,—______
CIRCLE 5 ON READER SERVICE CARD
TS1000 2X81
3-Color Keyboard
Symbols with
Conversion
Instructions
Plastic symbols for converted TS1000/ZX81 keyboards;
color-coded onopaque background. Fit all standard-
size keys. Adhesive backing for easy application.
Easy, illustrated guide for converting a cheap (about
$20) surplus keyboard to a full-size TS1000/ZX81
console. "...aseasyas stringing wire on a fence."
e Do's and Don'ts for selecting a surplus keyboard.
Diagrams and instructions for adding single-stroke
(automatic) SHIFTED function keys to your keyboard.
Bonus for the "pro" - Schematic Diagram of Computer.
"Your keytops are the neatest thing to happen to this key-
board since it was declared salvage..." J.N.C. - Florida
"The 'Keytops' I ordered in May are perfect. I have never
been completely satisfied with any 'mail order purchases’,
until now..." P.A., Houston, Texas
MIULE Electronics
444 Lincoln Bivd. Dept. 310A $995
Venice, California 90291
*Pleaseadd $1.50 P&H. California residents add 6.5%
tax. Money-back guarantee, of course.
CIRCLE 45 ON READER SERVICE CARD
USER FRIENDLY SOFTWARE
for the TIMEX/SINCLAIR 1000
Data-Manager (DM)*
Screen prompted data collection sys-
tem with formula fields and both form
and spread sheet display
Finance—Manager (FM)*
Combines budgeting, record keeping,
and check reconcilement into one
operation
Program—Manager (PM)*
BASIC and machine code program
monitor and utility Functions include:
renumber, copy, delete, search, dump,
Hex load, Hex Debug, and a condense
mode that reduces program memory
size.
All programs are supplied on cassette with full
size instructions that are easy to read and easy
to understand. 16K required
$14.95 each postage included
VISA MASTERCARD or check
TOLL FREE ORDERS
1-800-543-3000 ask for
operator #520 item code*
CAI COMPUTER ASSISTANCE INCORPORATED
PO BOX 3402 CINCINNATI OHIO 45201 / (513) 381-8778
CIRCLE 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD
SOF TWEAK.
TRADEMARK OF EARTHSCENES
IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK
OF TIMEX COMPUTER CORPORATION
[TIMEX F m= J ®
| 2 8 02 | ERE
Exclusive silkscreened designs on quality 50/50 cotton/poly Ts.
Adult sizes: S,M,L,XL; kids’ sizes: S,M,L. $8.50 each, plus $1.50
shipping/handling. (Ohio residents, add 5.5% sales tax.)
COLORS: TS101—BLACK AND BLUE design on It. blue T only;
TS102 & TS103—BLACK on red, It. blue or yellow T; WHITE on
black T. TO ORDER, specify quantity, size, color and design.
EARTHSCENES @ P.O. BOX 21487 e*COLUMBUS, OH 43221.
CIRCLE 28 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Super Fn Plot. 2K RAM.
Plots any function in the form
y=f(x); draws it to the correct ver-
tical scale on screen; plots are
white on black background. Com-
piles a MC routine to plot same
function at high speed. Compiled
MC is relocatable. Very simple text
editor included. Listing: $1 plus
long SASE.
John Richard Coffey
PO Box 448
Scottsburg, IN 47170
Graphics
Inverse Graphics Subroutines. 2K
RAM
8 subroutine listings with loading
tips and full instructions. MC. List-
ing (including StarShip Trip list-
ing): $5 pp. SASE for list of avail-
able programs.
M. T. Ehasz
104 Davis St.
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Character Set Graphics Kit
Add large format letters and nu-
merals to your programs. Make
electronic posters. 6 page 8 1/2 x
11 illustrated pamphlet describes
how. Can be used for any com-
puter with graphics symbols. $2
plus SASE.
Vidiom
PO Box 3118
Providence, RI 02906
Programs
Business/Household
Checkbook
Balance your books. For more
information write:
E & S Software
PO Box 196
Budd Lake, NJ 07828
ZX Phonelist
Stores from 100-200 entries in-
cluding name, street address, city,
province or state, postal code, tele-
phone area code, telephone num-
ber; add, delete, sort entries; dis-
play on screen or print. Specify
French or English version. MC.
$14.95 Canadian.
Micro Da et Fils
PO Box 7221 RR2
Gatineau, Que.
Canada J8P 6H8
Ledger
Double entry journal and ledger;
single entry to both a credit and
debit account; date, check number,
amount, credit and debit accounts,
memo; define and classify your
accounts; self-expanding to RAM
over 16K. 100 transactions to 50
accounts in 16K; over 700 in 32K.
In Basic for user modification. $10
pp.
D. Lipinski Software
2737 Susquehanna Rd.
Roslyn, PA 19001
Business Subroutines Package.
Combo I. (FX1000)
Future value; time periods; pre-
sent value; interest rate. $12.95; $1
s&h.
JPR Software
PO Box 4155
Winter Park, FL 32793
SixPac
6 programs: FORTH interpre-
ter/compiler, spreadsheet, inven-
tory, calendar/reminder, house-
hold budget, data base manage-
ment. $25.95; $3 s&h.
SofTek
Box 4232
Santa Fe, NM 87502
Philatelist
Stamp collection file and invest-
ment analyzer. Stores Scott no.,
description, date purchased, from
whom, condition, cost, number of
copies. Calculate investment po-
tential and analyze performance.
Up to 200 stamps per program.
Used for other collectibles. $26.85.
SASE for list of programs.
MCS Software
2816 Edmond St.
St. Joseph, MO 64501
Fylit
User generated customized data-
base applications. Requires 64K,
CAI P40 printer, and CAI Exatron
Stringy Floppy drive. 5 program
overlays which share a common
data file. $30.
Biocal Software, Inc.
167 Wilson St.
Petaluma, CA 94952
(800) 237-8400, x70
Demonstration Tapes
TS Demo
TS1000 demonstration tape for
retailers to increase sales or for
anyone wanting to show off the
computer. ZX81 version available.
Specify. $10; $1 s&h.
K. Roberts
PO Box 2202
Davidson, NC 28036
Demonstration 1000
TS1000 retailers: demonstrate
the capabilities of the TS1000 with
R.LS.T. Inc. ANNOUNCES
SPEECH
SYNTHESIZER
20°
pay
SALE
9°
Lag,
Oa
*ACT NOW: Receive
Exclusive Phrase Finder Program ‘$5. VALUE FREE”
Speech Synthesis Instruction Manual ‘’$10. VALUE FREE”
HEAR THE POWER...
ORDER NOW SALE ENDS 9/30/83
p- — = ee eee ee ee ee eee ct
SALE
|
|
|
| Send To: R.I.S.T. Inc.
| Dept. 214
| Voicetech)
| P.O. Box 499, Ft.
| Hamilton Station
| Brooklyn, N.Y.
| 11209 - (212) 259-4934
|
|
|
Please send me #
Parrot(s) Speech Syn-
thesizers for my D
| 2X80 E ZXx81 OD
TS1000 at $59.95 ea. plus
HOW YOU CAN MAKE YOUR COMPUTER TALK. | $4.00 sh/hd.
The PARROT newly introduced by R.|.S.T., gives the | | will also receive an exclu-
power of speech to Timex/Sinclair Computers. This simple | sive phrase finder pro-
to use plug-in speech module is capable of generating all the | gram and a 40 page in-
sounds in the English language. The combination of these
sounds, in the order of your choice, will generate an
unlimited vocabulary of words, phrases, and sentences as
Piggy-back | GUARANTEE/C.O.D.
well as an array of sound effects.
| struction manual, FREE.
| 15 DAY MONEY BACK
expandability allows other modules (eg. memory) to be | ORDERS ADD $1.75
operating with the Parrot simultaneously.
Paul Donnelly had this to say in the April issue of Syntax:
‘Documentation is professional...”
“Overall, R.1.S.T.’s Parrot is an excellent unit and per- |
forms up to and behond my expectations.’
| PAY BY BANK CHECK
| OR MONEY ORDER
N.Y.S. RESIDENTS
ADD 8%% TAX.
CIRCLE 54 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ABERSOFT
7 MAESFALLEN, BOW ST, DYFED, ENGLAND SY24 5BA
ZX81 & Spectrum
Games
Chess 1.4: Ten level m/c graphic screen display.
16K ZX81 $17.95
Invaders: Very fast m/c action. Includes mystery
ship and increasingly difficult screens.
16K ZX81 $8.95
Mazeman: A fast action m/c game that reproduces
the spirit of the original. The Spectrum version
includes excellent graphics.
16K ZX81 $8.95—Spectrum $9.95
Can also be used with AGF joystick.
Adventure 1: Based on the original game by
Crowther, this game was the start of the Adventure
craze. Reviewed Sinclair User, issue 2. Features
Save game routine as the game can literally take
months to complete.
16K ZX81 $17.95—48K Spectrum $19.95
We have a full stock of all programs and supply by return of
post (which is included in the price)
Add $2.00 for postage/handling
CIRCLE 81 ON READER SERVICE CARD
games and business displays in-
cluding machine language routines.
Self-running; load the cassette and
leave. $9.95; $1.50 s&h.
Michael B. Williams
1300 DePaul Way
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Music/Sound
Programs
Virtuoso
Music synthesis program. 10 oc-
tave range, whole to 32nd and dot-
ted notes and rests. Self performs
songs at any tempo; SAVE for later
use. Hear through TV, amplifier,
AM radio, or record. Instructions
include coding from written music
for non-musicians. Length expand-
ed to 150 notes. SASE from buyers
of 96 note version gets free expan-
sion instructions. $6.95 pp. US &
Canada; $9.95 elsewhere.
W. D. Maples
Dept. C-1
688 Moore St.
Lakewood, CO 80215
Beep Routine. 1K RAM.
Produces tones over wide range
of frequencies. Attach earphone
(not included) through tape recor-
der and get sound that can be
heard several feet away. USR fun-
ction and 2 to 4 POKEs specify
frequency and duration. Bonus line
drawing program included. Rou-
tine can be customized to location
other than 16514 for an extra $1.
MC. Listing: $1 plus long SASE.
John Richard Coffey
PO Box 448
Scottsburg, IN 47170
Theile Cabinets
Complete program for design-
ing/testing bass and subwoofer
speaker cabinets. Includes simpli-
fied measurement procedures and
2 unique alignments for very small
_ bass cabinets. CC: $8.95; $1.50
s&h.
Mallard Software
c/o Eric Levine
203 S. Sherwood St.
Ft. Collins, CO 80521
Miscellaneous
Games
Earthquake
You are trapped in your shack
during an earthquake.
Tunnels
You are the evil Mazor creating
mazes that none can escape. One
or two players. For more infor-
mation write:
E & S Software
PO Box 196
Budd Lake, NJ 07828
ZX Reflex
10 round game with maximum
score of 5000 points. High score is
saved by program (1 counter per
difficulty level). 10 levels of diffi-
culty Specify French or English
version. MC. $14.95 Canadian.
Micro Da et Fils
PO Box 7221 RR2
Gatineau, Que.
Canada J8P 6H8
Supermastermind 1000
New twist on a familiar chal-
lenging game.
Hangman 500
Computer draws on over 500
words.
Rubitz
Play the “cube” on your com-
puter.
CC: $6.95 pp. per program; all 3
for $17.95 pp.
Mind Games
PO Box 2129
Sheffield Lake, OH 44054
The Great Glider Race
Race around a 100 mile course.
Decide when and how high to
climb in various thermals for the
highest course speed. 1K program
uses text; 16K uses simulated in-
strument panel graphics. Includes
a discussion of glider flight for the
uninitiated. Listings: 1K: $4; 16K:
$6.
Wordpuzzler
_ Hides words in a random char-
acter matrix. Search for them on
screen or on printout. Put in your
own words or use those stored with
the program. CC: $7.95
Robert Finngerle
PO Box 7793
Fremont, CA 94537-7793
Domino (SQ-111)
28 dominos; play against the
computer; each starts with 5. Ob-
ject is to make opponent go to
boneyard or pass. This earns
points. $9.95; $1 s&h.
Yahtzee (SQ-101)
1 to 4 players. Roll 5 dice; im-
prove roll by rolling any or all of
the dice. Object: to score each
improved hand on 13 line score
sheet. Game is over when all the
lines are used. $9.95; $1 s&h.
Antropuss (SO-123)
Antropuss is a man eater living
in a cave of 20 rooms each with 3
tunnels. You must move from
room to room avoiding the antro-
puss and other hazards. You win
by shooting the antropuss with one
of your 5 arrows. $9.95; $1 s&h.
JPR Software
PO Box 4155
Winter Park, FL 32793
September/October 1983 © SYNC
LET YOUR ZX81/TIMEX 1000
WORK FOR YOU!
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS PROGRAMS:
Are on cassette, are menu driven, run with or without a printer and save
on tape automatically.
SALES FILE 16K or 64K:
Holds (150/16K) (600/64K) products w/wholesale and retail prices. —
Shows separate wholesale and retail totals and amount of profit in up
to (25/16K) (100/64K) different accounts. — Records inventory automat-
ically or manually. — Totals sales tax. — Cash register mode totals,
identifies, adds sales tax, and keeps records for your bookkeeping. —
Prints a list of products, accounts, inventory and sales slips with printer.
***A must for any small business*** .................55-- $19.95
CHECKING 16K or 64K:
Lists (25/16K) (100/64K) deposits showing amount and date entered.
— Lists (80/16K) (500/64K) checks and displays check number, date
and payee. — Lists by account total of checks written. — Keeps running
total of checks written and balance left in account. — Adds interest and
subtracts service charges. — Search for a check by number, name,
date or amount. Print a list of deposits, accounts, and checks with printer.
nA TOF LAX FOOOTIS i ce oe as we sc Sood pe oe joi Oey $9.95
INVENTORY 16K or 64K:
May be used for everything from keeping an accurate inventory for your
business to your personal record collection. — Holds up to (150/16K)
(750/64K) items w/comments for each. — Comments may be used for
serial numbers, dates, prices or location. — Lists all items, search for
single item, change or delete any item. — Sort items in alphabetical or
numerical order. — Prints a list of items, quantities and comments.
***Everyone should have an inventory of household items in case
OF tire. OF Tei ea a oS A oe ee ee es sia tare eae eee $9.95
MAILING LIST 16K or 64K:
Holds (100/16K) (425/64K) names, addresses and telephone numbers.
— Search by name, city, zip code, or phone number. — Will sort by
name, city, or zip code in alphabetical or numerical order. — Lists all
names, changes or deletes. — Prints list of names or names and
addresses or address labels if they are available for your printer.
***A valuable tool for your home or business*** ............. $9.95
APPOINTMENT CALENDAR 16K:
May be used for everything from reminding you of birthdays to business
appointments. — Just enter the date and list up to (8) appointments per
day for up to (31) days. — Lets you change or delete any appointment.
— Print a list of appointments for day or month. Save all appointments
on tape.
***Keep a permanent record of past appointments***........ $9.,95
FINANCIAL RECORD KEEPER 16K:
User can define and use 20 files of income and/or expenses which may
be noted as tax deductible for future reference if applicable. — Informa-
tion may be reviewed in various ways. — Includes ability to correct or
change information already entered without knowledge of computers or
programming. At end of year you have a complete overview of cash
flow for the preceding year and a list of tax deductible expenses. —
Prints all information with a Timex or compatible printer. ..... $14.95
FINANCIAL RECORD KEEPER PLUS — 48K:
Does everything the above 16K version does, plus keeps up to 500
checking transactions and it automatically reconciles the checkbook with
the bank statement.
***A complete finance package*** .................0000 0. $19.95
GRADEBOOK 16K to 64K:
A sophisticated, friendly and flexible grade management program for
teachers of all levels. — Ranks students by weighted or unweighted
average. — An example of the program’s capacities with 16K: 50 stu-
dents may have up to 40 exams. — GRADEBOOK is limited only by
memory size.
***Written by an instructor at Purdue University*** ........... $9.95
INVOICE CONTROL:
A program designed to keep track of and print invoices for the small
business. — Is self-adjusting to memory size. — Will hold (20/16K)
(120/64K) invoices of up to (5/16K) (10/64K) lines each. — Review or
change any invoice, list all invoices, list invoices with an open balance,
enter additional payments and review invoices written to a particular
account. Prints your company name and address on each in-
WONG e ase ara no ee kee outers FEF Loa eee eae $14.95
Send for free catalog of personal, business & educational programs such
as “CASH REGISTER,” MULTIPLICATION TABLES, MATH QUIZ and
FLASH SPELLING at $9.95 each. — C-10 blank cassettes packaged in a
hard plastic box 10 pack $8.50 — 5.25” Diskettes single side/double-density
soft sectored with hub rings 10 pack only $18.00—add $2 per 10 pack
shipping for tapes and diskettes.
Any three $9.95 tapes for $24.95 DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
Add $1.00 per tape for shipping. Indiana res. add 5% sales tax. Send Certified
Check, M.O., Visa or MasterCard No. with Exp. Date.
HEATH COMPUTER SERVICES
950 East — 52 South
Greentown, IN 46936
Phone (317) 628/3130
MasterCard
CIRCLE 33 ON READER SERVICE CARD
48
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->
Zxak-man!
At last a version with attention to detail. Zxak
is a cute cubical character that winks and
Elala 0 Le: m gie “eee Le
Scrolls 3 dimensionally. Your shadow follows
below as you avoid hazards. Various
weaponry help you rack up points. Most
impressive Ne your machine can
SAA M O E E 19.95
Please add 1.50 per cassette postage & handling
ATT Ei.
pleasan[rees 2
PANIN
PleasanTrees
Programming
7760 N. Hopdown
Tucson, AZ 85741
r UF MENT EEI ETET J
CIRCLE 49 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Time Rescue
Pilot a time skimer and rescue
ships stranded in time, but watch
out for time vortexes. $5. Add $1
and get Hyper-Carpet a simple pro-
gram using unusual graphics. All
Ruskat code is user accessible.
Ruskat
3824 E. Paradise Ln, #51
Phoenix, AZ 85032
Education Programs
U Quiz U
Quizzes user on any information
that user enters. Option of respond-
ing to either a question or an
answer. Determines the user’s
problem areas; periodically repeats
those questions. CC: $8.95 pp.
Bob Martin
15950 Robson Ct.
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
The Math Teacher
Educational math tutorial pro-
gram. Drills basics of +, -, *, /.
First grade to junior high. 25 prob-
lems of user-selected operation.
Score, graphics, and option to do
another 25. CC: $29.95.
CompuTech
Dept. TS-MT-SYN
PO Box 7000-309
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Shoot ‘em Up Games
B-29 Bomber
Your mission is to destroy the
enemy tank. Two game options:
moving and nonmoving tanks. For
more information write:
E & S Software
PO Box 196
Budd Lake, NJ 07828
Artillery (SP-101)
Hit a target down range. Range
given in miles; you enter bullet
velocity and angle of elevation.
Points depend on distance of hit
from target. Trajectory visible. 4
levels of difficulty. $9.95; $1 s&h.
JPR Software
PO Box 4155
Winter Park, FL 32793
Space Games
Adventure in Space
Survive the trials of space travel;
all text adventure; first in a series. —
Steve Dinstbier
1159 W. Taft Rd.
St. Johns, MI 48879
Casino Games
Roulette (SQ-103)
Computer chooses random num-
ber between 0 and 36. You bet on
1 number, 2 numbers, 3 numbers,
high or low, odd or even, or a
dozen. Payoff according to odd for
bet. $9.95; $1 s&h.
Craps (SQ-102)
2 dice. Computer rolls and adds
the points. You bet on the roll.
$9.95; $1 s&h.
Blackjack (SQ-104)
Game of 21 played with 52 cards.
Computer shuffles and deals. Ob-
ject is to get 21. You may draw
additional cards. $9.95; $1 s&h.
Slot Machine (SP-102)
Las Vegas style game. 3 random
figures appear in the window. Start
with a generous supply of money;
play to increase it. $9.95; $1 s&h.
Reddog (SQ-110)
Card game against the computer.
5 cards to a hand. Beat the top
card to win. Win amount bet plus
same from the pot. Lost bet goes
to pot. $9.95; $1 s&h.
JPR Software
PO Box 4155
Winter Park, FL 32793
Casino
Craps, Money Boxes, In-b-
tween, 1-6, Slot Machines, and
Horse Racing. CC: $4 each pp.
(money order)
Steve Dinstbier
1159 W. Taft Rd.
St. Johns, MI 48879
Joysticks
ZX Joystick
Full details on adding a joystick
including fire button. Parts cost less
than $10. $3; legal size SASE.
Micro Da et Fils
PO Box 7221 RR2
Gatineau, Que., Canada J8P 6H8
RAMs/ROMs/
EPROMs
TS1000 64K RAM Module
Assembled in America. $109.95.
Allow 2-3 weeks for delivery.
Barlog Software
401 N. Geyer Rd.
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Power Supplies
Power Switch
Eliminates wear on power jack.
3.25 x 2 x 1 inch black case with
heavy duty rocker switch. $10; $2
s&h.
K. Roberts
PO Box 2202
Davidson, NC 28036
AC Surge protectors and EMI-RFI
Filters
A variety of products designed
for surge protection for computers
and computer equipment. Write
for full details.
Electronic Protection Devices
PO Box 673
Waltham, MA 02254 Fa
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Math and Science:
e Least Squares Analysis
Programming:
e Alternative Display
e Storing Words
Space Warp
Graphics Game
SA |
ARCCOS ARCTAN
{£ k CLEAR CONT
or any other Sinclair computer,
you've probably discovered that
the big microcomputer magazines
cover only the bigger computers.
Where can you find helpful articles on
the Sinclair? In Sync!
Sync is the one magazine that’s
written exclusively about Clive Sin-
Clair’s marvelous inventions, the Sin-
Clair computers. And it’s the one
magazine to read if you want to get
more from your Sinclair.
You'll find program listings for
games, helpful programming tech-
niques, hardware upgrades, math and
science programs, news of new prod-
ucts for the Sinclair—in short, every-
thing you need to use and enjoy your
Sinclair to the fullest.
In just two recent issues, for exam-
ple, we covered:
C] Putting a Reverse Character in a
String
O How to Double Your Memory
O Least Squares Data Analysis With
the ZX80/81
O Space Warp: A Graphics Space
Game
O How to Reduce “Blank Screen
Time”
| you own a Timex Sinclair, a ZX81,
O Storing Three-Letter Words in an
Array
O Software Review: ZX Galaxians
O An Introduction to Expression Eval-
uation
O Short Programs Just for Fun
O The ZX81 Parser and User-Defined
Commands
O Understanding Floating Point Arith-
metic
O Handling Strings from Another Di-
mension
O Book Review: Understanding Your
ZX81 ROM
O How to Add a Keyboard to Your Sin-
Clair
O Translating Other Basics: DEF on
the ZX81
O Six Outer Space Games—With Pro-
gram Listings
O Hardware Review: Sinclair ZX Spec-
trum High Resolution Color/Sound
Computer
If you own a Sinclair microcom-
puter, Sync is the only computer mag-
azine you really need. Subscribe now
to Sync, and you can save up to 33%!
Just complete and return the post-
age-paid reply card or the coupon
at right.
FOR
SINCLAIR
AND
TIMEX
SINCLAIR
OWNERS
SAVE UP TO 33%
ON SYNC!
— | |
CN 1986: Morristown, NJ 07960
|
YES! Please send me |
Sync for: !
O One year (6 issues) for $12.97— |
| save 19%.
O Two years (12 issues) for $22.97— |
| save 28%. |
O Three years (18 issues) for |
$31.97—| save 33%. i
Savings based on full 1-year subscription price
of $16. |
:
|
|
|
|
i
|
|
|
(please print full name) 4816
POCONOS aS oo es A
City
Sia eee L eas A
CHECK ONE:
O Payment enclosed. O Bill me later.
Offer valid in U.S. and possessions only. Please allow
60 to 90 days for delivery of first issue.
|
| _NEW SUBSCRIBERS ONLY |
Directory of Publishers
Bernard Babani
The Grampians
Shepherds Bush Rd.
London W6 7NF
U.K.
Birkhauser Boston, Inc.
380 Green St.
Cambridge, MA 02139
(617) 876-2337
E. Arthur Brown Co.
1702 Oak Knoll Dr.
Alexandria, MN 56308
(612) 762-8847
CompuSoft Publishing, Inc.
535 Broadway
El Cajon, CA 92021
(619) 588-0996
Computer and Electronic
Supply Services
PO Box 345, MIT Branch P.O.
796 Main St.
Cambridge, MA 02139
(617) 491-8925
Computer Continuum
301 16th Ave.
San Francisco, CA 94118
Computer Engineering
Services
PO Box 1222
Show Low, AZ 85901
(602) 537-7522
Creative Computing Press
39 E. Hanover Ave.
‘Morris Plains, NJ 07950
800-631-8112 (orders only)
(201) 5400445 (in NJ)
Note: Visa/MC/AE. Write for
free catalog. Outside U.S. s&h
is $3 per order; shipped airmail
only.
50
Data Assette
56 S. 3rd St.
Oxford, PA 19363
800-523-2909
(215) 932-4807
Dell Publishing Co.
2245 East 47th St.
New York, NY 10017
Dilithium Press
8285 SW Nimbus, Suite 151
Beaverton, OR 97005
(800) 547-1842
(503) 646-2713
Granada Publishing
515 Madison Ave.
New York, NY 10022
Wayne Green Books
Route 101 W.
Peterborough, NH 03458
1-800-343-0728
J. L. Hartwell
540 Haskins Rd.
Bowling Green, OH 43402
Jenn Products
Box 246
Harrison, ME 04040
Fred Johns
Alpha Electronics
935 North Blvd.
Alpha, NJ 08865
K.D.V.H.E. Publishers
PO Box 6788
Chicago, IL 66080
McGraw-Hill Book Co.
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
(212) 997-3071
Melbourne House Software
Dept CS
347 Reedwood Dr.
Nashville, TN 37217
Micro Design Concepts
PO Box 280
Carrollton, TX 75006
Microscene
6 Battenhall Rd., Harborne
Birmingham
U.K. B17 9UD
Para Publishing
PO Box 4232-88
Santa Barbara, CA 93103-0232
(805) 968-7277
Oxford Computer Pub.
R. L. Associates
614 W. Manchester Blvd.
Inglewood, CA 90301
(213) 671-6667
Para Publishing
PO Box 4232-91
Santa Barbara, CA 93103-0232
(805) 968-7277
PC Clearinghouse, Inc.
11781 Lee Jackson Highway
Fairfax, VA 22033
(800) 368-4422
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
(201) 592-3082
Que Corporation
7960 Castleway Dr.
Indianapolis, IN 46250
1-800-428-5331 (orders)
(317) 8442-7162
Research Press, Inc.
Box 8137-P
Prairie Village, KS 66208
Redditch Electronics
21 Ferney Hill Avenue
Redditch, Worcs
U.K. B97 4RU
Reston Publishing Co.
c/o Prentice-Hall, Inc.
320 Hudson Ter.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
(201) 592-2018
St. Martin’s Press
175 Fifth Ave.
New York, NY 10010
(212) 674-5151
Softest
10 Richmond Ln.
Romsey, Hants
U.K.
Romsey 513676
Sybex, Inc.
2344 - 6th St.
Berkeley, CA 94710
(415) 848 8233
Tab Books Inc.
Monterey Ave.
Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214
(717) 794-2191
TSG Enterprises
54 Richmond PI.
Denville, NJ 07834
V and H Computer Services
182c Kingston Rd.
Staines, Middlesex, U.K.
Staines 58041
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
605 Third Ave.
New York, NY 10158
Yes! Bookshop
1035 31st St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20007
(202) 338-7874
September/October 1983 © SYNC
-@eeeaeeeaea Cease eee eesaeaeeeseeeseeaseseeeesensneaeasoeoeceaeaeecaescoeseeeesee es
TimeWare Software
O Strategy Pak (R0705-5)(R7695-1) $19.90
TIMEWARE CHESS
This game has received rave reviews from everyone who has played
it. Now is your chance to see if you can beat your Timex Sinclair
computer in an exciting game of chess.
CASINO PAK 1: One-Armed Bandit /Blackjack
Your Timex Sinclair computer is your ticket to a fun-packed night
out in Las Vegas. Be prepared to win big on the One-Armed Ban-
dit, or, match wits with the computer dealer in Blackjack.
O Fantasy Pak (R4608-7) (R3296-2) (R1761-7)
MONARCH! $29.85
In this interactive game your Timex Sinclair computer is your cas-
tle. You are in control of the kingdom. If you have what it takes
to be king, you can keep your crown. If not, you lose your throne.
Features Fastload—2 minute loading!
INVASION FORCE
Protect yourself from a giant alien ship by breaking through the
force field to get a clear shot. But watch out! You must also con-
tend with waves of smaller ships that protect the mother ship.
Features Fastload—2 minute loading!
ESCAPE FROM SHAZZAR! An adventure game!
Find the temple! It’s your only escape! On your journey uncover
as much treasure as you can, and find the right keys to get through
the doors. But, avoid the deadly fumes, poison, magic, cave-ins,
bottomless pits, and more! Get to the Temple and locate the
thruster!
O Nowotnik Pak (R1261-8) (R4953-7) $19.90
The NOWOTNIK PUZZLE by David Nowotnik
Watch your computer take a simple pattern and scramble it on the
screen. Then the challenge begins! You have to return the puzzle
to its original pattern.
DEMOLITION /TEN-PIN by David Nowotnik
Two great games on one cassette! In DEMOLITION it’s up to you
to stop the moving wall before it reaches the top of the screen. Or,
convert your computer into a bowling alley. Your score depends
on how hard and accurately you send the ball down the alley.
Each new book and software pak can be used on your
Ship my order to:
Name
Address
-Or, charge your order:
City
O Visa
Signature
@eeeeenevceaeaoeno eevee eeeasoeoseceueaee ev ceeaeeve ace e@Ceaeeeceeee@eaeeecee@ec@a eee euace@ea@ e@eoeeanceacaeoea eae eee eeee’
A complete line of software and books for Timex Sinclair computers
from Reston Publishing Company, A Prentice-Hall Company.
1500. Many of the software paks offer the modern 2 minute loading feature.
Just note your choices on this order form and mail the whole page or a copy of it to us at the address below.
A check or money order, for the total amount, plus your state’s sales tax, included with your order will save
you money! The publisher will then pay all postage and handling charges.
© Mastercard Account +
Reston Publishing Company c/o PRENTICE-HALL, Inc. Book Distribution
TimeWare Books
| | Mastering Machine Code on Your ZX-81 by
Toni Baker (R4262-3) $18.95
The ZX-81 Pocket Book by Trevor Toms
(R9525-8) $18.95
49 Explosive Games for the ZX-81 by Tim
Hartnell (R2087-6) $17.95
| | The Explorer’s Guide to the ZX-81 and Timex
Sinclair 1000 by Mike Lord (R1815-1) $17.95
| | Fifty 1K /2K Games for the ZX-81 and Timex
Sinclair 1000 by Alastair Gourlay, James
Walsh and Paul Holmes (R1979-5) $16.95
Making the Most of Your ZX-81 by Tim
- Hartnell (R4189-8) $16.95
SELF-TEACHING SOFTWARE FOR THE ZX-81
and TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000
by Joseph R. Gladstone
Children from grades 1 through 6 will find basic arithmetic
skill instruction and numerous practice programs. Each of
the six packages contains 2 cassette tapes with 32 lessons,
games and activities, plus an explanatory booklet. This
newly designed classroom aid comes handsomely pack-
aged in durable vinyl binders. Six units, each sold sepa-
rately. Features fastload—2 minute loading.
L] 1 (R6966-7) $29.95 [C] 4 (R6970-9) $29.95
[L] 2 (R6967-5) $29.95 (5 (R6971-7) $29.95
L 3 (R6968-3) $29.95 [C 6 (R6972-5) $29.95
Choose new TimeWare books or new TimeWare
game software . . . even TimeWare self-teaching
aids for children. All new, and conveniently
available by mail!
Order your new TimeWare books
and software paks today!
ZX-81, Timex Sinclair 1000 or the new Timex Sinclair
State
Exp. Date
Zip
ou
Center Rte. 59 at Brook Hill Drive West Nyack, NY 1099
= Or call toll-free: (800) 336-0338
ae
M)
ny
i)
V-0911-9C (3):
CIRCLE 53 ON READER SERVICE CARD
SYNC at the Library
TS1000/ZX81 Books
This section contains books specific to
the Sinclair and Timex Sinclair com-
puters. The entries are arranged alpha-
betically by publisher. The entries from a
given publisher are arranged alphabeti-
cally by title. See the “Directory of Pub-
lishers” for the publisher’s address.
The book titles may refer to the ZX81
or the TS1000, but the contents will apply
to both machines. If you have an unex-
panded ZX81, you may not be able to use
some of the program in books developed
specifically for the unexpanded TS1000
which take advantage of the 2K RAM on
board. If you have a TS1000, you can use
any of the books written for the unex-
panded ZX81. If you have a RAM pack,
you should have no problems either way.
Most publishers will accept mail orders,
but there is usually a shipping and hand-
ling charge either per book or per order.
Your local bookstore or computer store
will be able to get the books of your
choice if they are not carried in stock.
You should confirm prices and shipping
charges before making your order. This
Book Buyer’s Guide is not a catalog and
we cannot guarantee either the accuracy
or timeliness of the information. It is
intended to acquaint you with the wealth
of. book resources available for your com-
puter.
Bernard Babani
The Art of Programming the 1K ZX81.
By M. James and S. M. Gee. £1.95.
Programs that fit into the 1K machine.
Random number generator; graphics;
games of skill; PEEK and POKE; digital
clock and reaction timer; character
strings. 96 pp.
The Art of Programming the 16K ZX81
By M. James and S. M. Gee. £2.50 plus
s&h.
Use your 16K RAM pack and printer.
52
Explains how the extra storage space is
used, covers some utilities useful in writ-
ing longer programs, games illustrating
the extended graphics capabilities in 16K,
writing and debugging longer programs,
introduces programs for editing data
bases and statistical analysis, and using
randomness. 136 pp.
Birkhauser Boston, Inc.
Machine Code and Better Basic
By Ian Stewart and Robin Jones. $11.95
This book introduces structured Basic
programming, and machine code. Sam-
ple programs include: a complete word
processor, enqueuing and dequeuing
data, and French vocabulary testing.
Code routines include: turning the dis-
play into inverse video, adding and mul-
tiplying, moving data around in RAM.
Applies to both the TS1000 and TS2000.
Timex Sinclair 1000: Programs, Games,
and Graphics.
By Ian Stewart and Robin Jones. $10.95.
A lighthearted but serious-minded in-
troduction to Sinclair Basic. Includes:
setting up the hardware, saving pro-
grams on tape, looping and branching,
graphics, logic, keyboard control of pro-
grams, character manipulation, sub-
routines, debugging techniques.
E. Arthur Brown Co.
Graphics A-Z. $19.95.
Complete graphics course for the
TS/ZX computers. Chapters on the
Memotech High Resolution Graphics
module. Topics: animation, 3-D plotting,
diagonal scrolling, writing and dissecting
uneditable programs, machine code short
cuts, and more. Program listings.
The Timex Sinclair Directory. $5.95.
Where to find practically everything
for the TS1000 and ZX81. 90 double
column pages with complete descriptions
and photographs of memory expansion,
keyboard, mass storage, printer, modem,
control circuitry, miscellaneous systems.
Software from games to serious business.
Directory of suppliers.
ZX81 Basic Book. $12.95.
An improved replacement for the
ZX/TS operating manual. Gives com-
plete instructions. Cover the topics in
much greater detail in an easier to under-
stand writing style. All instructions are
followed by examples of actual use.
Strings, arrays, and DIM statements.
CompuSoft Publishing, Inc.
Learning Timex Sinclair Basic for the
Timex 1000 and the Sinclair ZX81.
By David A. Lien. $14.95.
ISBN 0-932760-15-5
Easy to understand Basic tutorial writ-
ten specifically for the TS/Z.X computers.
Leads the user from “turn on” to
“advanced programming” with a compre-
hensive style. 352 pp. 7 x 9. Paperback.
Computer Continuum
Projects plus Applications Manual
$10.
Booklet for use with the Buffered Bus
but the designs can be interfaced directly
to the computer with some considera-
tions. Includes construction techniques,
8255 programmable port control and
counting applications, A/D, Digital
oscilloscope program, EPROM pro-
grammer.
Computer Engineering Services
Neat Stuff for Your Sinclair
1K/16K RAM. $8.95 plus $1.25 s&h.
An edited book of some of the finest
and most useful subroutines and programs
available for the Sinclair user. It has some
of the simplest and most wanted hardware
additions that anyone can build and
install. Softbound.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
NOW. A TS1000/ZX81
PUSH-BUT TON
KEYBOARD
FOR UNDER $2000.
iia an
At last there's a really cheap but
efficient way of ironing out the TS1O00/ZX8l's
only real bug: its keyboard. The Filesixty
3. So all you do is remove the
B ff 1. Make sure the original keyboard is clean
uttonset O Ers and check that all the keys function. protective backing.
Æ A full-travel calculator-type moving
keyboard for only $19.50.
m Installed in seconds. The peel—off
adhesive backing means you just register into“ “byseracnewepads o peoe tcena onyo TSION O
position and Dress. [ Cheques/money orders made payable to Filesixty Ltd. ie
m No messy labels, dismantling or | Please sendme_______(qty) Buttonsetis) |
| at $19.50 each (inclusive of postage & packaging).
soldering. | |
m 3 groups of colour keys to pick out | Total eles See ee
shift, numerals and newline. | Peet as ae ae ame eae |
m Precision moulded in ABS to match | address a|
your [S1000/ZX81, with contrasting legends |
for maximum legibility. | state
Orders to Filesixty Ltd., P.O. Box 1469, Murray Hill Sta., j
New York, NY 10156 p
"i"
AHHH HH
p
"i"
UT
ul il
T
Mii ll
at
|
wi
CIRCLE 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD
The Expandable
T/S1000 Too!
$9.95 plus $1.25 s&h.
The book for the electronics hobbiest
to enable him to add memory, music,
speech and a whole lot more. Softbound.
ZX80 and ZX8l,
Creative Computing Press
The Best of SYNC, Volume 1
Edited by Paul Grosjean. $9.95 plus $2
s&h.
A collection of over 80 of the most
valuable articles, programs, tutorials, and
reviews that appeared in Volume 1 (1981)
of SYNC Magazine. A vital resource for
users of the TS1000, ZX81, ZX80 with
8K ROM, ZX80, and MicroAce com-
puters. Topics include: games, math appli-
cations, graphics techniques, program-
ming tips and tutorials, translation from
other Basics, machine language program-
ming, hardware, reviews, glossary of com-
puter terms.
Computers for Kids (Sinclair Edition)
By Sally Larsen. $4.95 plus $1 s&h.
Written specifically to introduce child-
ren 8-13 years old to the ZX81. Requires
no previous knowledge of computers,
algebra, or variables. Enables the child to
program a ZX81 in less than an hour.
Includes a section for parents and
teachers. 56 pp.
Fifty Programs for the Timex Sinclair
1000
By Leland B. Carter. $6.95 plus $2 s&h.
This book features 50 program listings
which the TS1000 users (beginners on
up) can type into their computers directly
and and run. listings include: games, puz-
zles, mathematical calculations, filing pro-
grams, graphics programs, calendar and
more. No knowledge of Basic required.
The Gateway Guide to the ZX81 and
ZX80
By Mark Charlton. $9.95 plus $2 s&h.
Practical programming manual for the
beginner with the TS1000, ZX81, or
ZX80. Furnishes over 70 fully docu-
mented programs. The majority have
been written for easy conversion from
machine to machine (ZX81 to ZX80 and
vice versa). Describes each function and
statement, illustrates it with a demonstra-
tion routine or program, combines it with
previously discussed material. 172 pp.
Getting Acquainted with Your ZX81
By Tim Hartnell. $9.95 plus $2 s&h.
Contains more than 70 programs to
help the reader get the most from his
TS1000 or ZX81. Game programs
include: Checkers, Alien Imploders,
Blastermind, Moon Lander, Breakout,
Star Burst, and Derby Day. Programs for
FLEXIBLE
RIBBON
CONNECTOR
for RAM
COMPUTER
5%4’’ FLOPPY DISC INTERFACE
Shugart compatible 43K
formatted —
5%’’ DISC DRIVE
KEYBOARD—No soldering,
has On/Off switch, internal
and external RAM connectors,
sculptured keys. Computer fits
INDESCOMP
from
Ginclair Place
inside, using only a
screwdriver.
P.O. Box 2288
panne 4
aan v 3
naan ORR
QS SOUND GENERATOR
16 Internal records, 3
tone gens., 5 octaves,
amp. output, vol. pot.
CENTRONICS INTERFACE
Redmond, WA 98052
QS HIGH-RES GRAPHICS CONTROL
256 x 192 pixels. Statements — Move
X,Y; Plot X,Y; Black; White; Clear;
Print A$; Up; Down; Left; Right;
Box X,Y; Scroll; Copy.
QS PROGRAMMABLE CHARACTER GENERATOR
Up to 128 characters, switches between stan-
CENTRONICS CABLE
dard characters and yours. 8x8 square CHRS
program included
CIRCLE 59 ON READER SERVICE CARD
54
cascading sine waves, plotting graphs and
tables, data sorting, equation solving, plus
the use of PLOT, SCROLL, PRINT, TAB,
PEEk, POKE, and much more. 120 pp.
The Timex Sinclair 1000 Ideabook
By David H. Ahl. $6.95 plus $2 s&h.
50 ready-to-run educational programs
demonstrate scores of different tech-
niques for solving problems in mathe-
matics, science, and business. 10 chapters
deal with solving problems by formulas
and repetitive trials, convergence, recur-
sion, compounding, probability, geom-
etry, science, simulations, and drill and
practice. Some problems demonstrate the
capabilities of the computer; others iden-
tify its shortcomings. 152 pp.
The ZX81 Companion
By Bob Maunder. $9.95 plus $2 s&h.
For both ZX81 and TS1000 users.
Assists in four applications areas: graph-
ics, information retrieval, education, and
games. Contains scores of fully docu-
mented short routines plus complete pro-
grams. Disassembled listing of the ZX81
ROM monitor. 132 pp.
Katie and the Computer
By Fred D’Ignazio and Stan Gilliam
$8.95 plus $2 s&h.
Explains to a child how the computer
works. Katie falls into the land of
Cybernia inside her Daddy’s computer.
Her journey parallels the path of a simple
command through the stages of pro-
cessing. She encounters the multi-legged
and mean Bug who lassos her plane and
spins her into a terrifying loop. Supple-
mentary information on computers, bytes,
hardware, and software. For 4-10 year
olds.
Be a Computer Literate
By Dr. Sylvia Charp and Marion Ball
$6.95 plus $2 s&h.
Uses tasks like mowing lawns, issuing
paychecks, and controlling traffic lights
to introduce basic computer concepts. A
light-hearted informative text tells about
the kinds of computers, what goes on
inside the machine, the language of the
computer, and how computers work for
us. The problem of averaging class grades
is used to show how to write a simple
program. For grades 5-9.
Data-Assette
The Microcomputer’s User’s Book of
Tape Recording
$9.95.
Excellent book explaining how to set
up your recorder to achieve reliable re-
sults. The book discusses problems that
arise and explains how signals are re-
corded. Coupled with the Vu Meter and
Test and Alignment Tape, many hours
of frustration can be saved.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
WANT TO BUILD YOUR TS1000 INTO A REAL COMPUTER?
BASICARE Microsystems — A family of identical modular units which measure 7.3"x3.4"x.8". The
units, which stack on top of one another to build a complete system, may be configured to the user’s
individual needs.
PERSONA — Connects to the rear of the computer with a flexible cable and acts as the interface for
the other modules. This module, and the others which stack on it, is exceptionally attractive. Neither
drawings nor photos do the system justice. It buffers all the computer’s signals via the ribbon cable.
It then talks to the other modules through a 64 pin ORGANIC BUS. Other modules respond when
PERSONA sends their individual SLOTS signals along the bus........sssssssssssscssssscsssescesescescees $59.95
RAM 16 — 16K memory which can be expanded later.........sssssssssssssssssscceesseessscccccccssssecceseeees $49.95
RAM 64 — Arranged as 4 blocks of 16K; all can be used under MINIMAP control. On board address
decoding allows simultaneous use of many RAMs with MINIMAP.........ccccsssssscsesscsscrccceseeee $139.95
MINIMAP — A mapping device which can expand address space to as much as 1 megabyte. When used
‘with RAM 64 (from 1 to 16 RAM 64s) space is organized into vertical 64K pages. These pages are PAGE SEGMENTS
divided into SEGMENTS labeled: ROM, TOOL, FILE A, DATA, PATH, SLOT, FILE B. It is possible 0000
to have many BASIC programs, and several TOOL and DATA SEGMENTS, distributed among different 8K Computer BASIC inter-
a I E EEA TA AY EA T E N I AVET soaps pessoa EEA S EE PENE AST AAN A ERA $55.95 sire and operating
PERICONa — General purpose, user programmable 24 lines of input/output. Up to 4 PERICONa can ee
A ABILO E e 05) AE AA. A AEE LN does AREAS N UER AA AAA AE snide YAT A bic diciad E ED $51.95 (Oi) Machine oodi a
PERICONb — 24 lines of heavy duty output to access and control the outside world. Lines are capable ER
of operating relays or driving long signals. Up to 4 can be used......sssesssssssoenessssocseonesueeceeneeseecsees $54.95 4000
PMO +=: Centronics printer interfate. hsccicstsvncsensshssisacsscnpeovdnesouccdacddasphsotdasesusaceniecmeiadtaecsnve $69.95 FILE A (16K) Normal residence of
BASIC programs.
Eo RPGs RE TENRAN RE E ANAE O TEPEE ASA A S A E E IOR A A IEE ISSE, $29.95
A ; 800
Other modules available — ROM, GRAPHICS, A-D, D-A, Defineable characters. (8K) Used for extra date
USING THREE OR MORE OF THESE UNITS REQUIRES A Ae pion
HEAVY DUTY POWER SUPPLY. ZS
A001
SWITCHED OUTLET BOX — One outlet is offset and switched for use with your SS
power supply. This allows you to turn your computer on and off without disturb- SS
PIV EO IAD, o EEEE RO E E AE ERE CEE EE AA EITA E E eat ixeert rc dices cokes $19.95 B000
EZ SLOT (4K) Used in conjunction with
HEAVY DUTY POWER SUPPLY — 9V with ON/Off switch. Much more powerful other peripherals.
and cooler running than the standard power Supply.......sssssscscscsssssscssecees $24.95
C000
FILE B (16K) Used for display but can
SINCLAIR PLACE ‘‘COMPACT’’ KEYBOARD be used for BASIC if no
display is used.
10%" x Tox 14’? (Max.)
FULL FUNCTION
KEYBOARD MINDWARE
VERY POSITIVE
FEEL AND SOUND
2 SHIFT KEYS
NUMERIC KEYPAD
SPACE BAR
METAL CASE—
Fully Shielded!
Single stroke keys: DELETE,
STOP, EDIT and
Ee eh. ; ; f MW-100 SIDEWINDER PRINTER — Connects directly to back of the com-
SHIFT keys are BLUE with blue legends for shifted operations. FUNC- | puter. Impact dot matrix. Uses standard 134” wide paper roll rather than
TION key is GREEN with green legends for function operations. DELETE, special, treated paper. Prints 16 character wide line. No command or hard-
STOP and EDIT keys are RED. NUMERIC keys are BLUE. Other keys | ware modifications required to use this printer! 3 modes of printing — MODE
and legends are BLACK. Case is grey. Nothing to solder on, paste on, cut | 0; Prints each 32 character screen line consecutively on 2 printer lines. MODE
or drill. Only a screwdriver is needed to fit the computer inside the keyboard. | 1; Divides screen lines at center and prnts left side first, then right side.
By taping the halves together you get 32 character line printouts. MODE
$88.80 3; Prints 16 character lines from screen when screen information is only
16 characters wide. RAM pack and other addons can be attached behind
the printer. No interface required.
SPECIAL $85.00
THIS TAPE WAS
PREPARED B' THE
MJ-100.
Z-EXCHEQUER
THE KLUTZ-PROOF BANKING PROGRAM
REPEAT KEY MODULE — Solders inside case — repeats as long as you
The best documented, easy to use, banking program you’ll find. All you | hold key
need to know is how to load a tape into your machine and follow SIMPLE INVERSE VIDEO MODULE — Solders inside case permits normal black
directions. Do deposits, checks, charges, debits, automatic teller transac- :
tions, reconciliations, etc., 26 categories for checks and deposits. Easily on white or white video on black
modified, if desired, Simply PRINT command for hard copy. DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME!
$20.00
Sinclair Place
P.O. BOX 2288 e» REDMOND, WA $8052
All products guaranteed. We will replace if there are defects. All payments
must be in U.S. dollars. Add $2.00 for third class shipping and handling,
in continental U.S. Add $3.00 for first class or Hawaii, Alaska, Canada.
VISA and MASTERCARD add 3%. Washington residents add 8% tax.
CIRCLE 58 ON READER SERVICE CARD
30 Programs for the ZX81
By Richard Altwasser. $9.95.
From the Cambridge Collection are
30 programs for the TS1000 and the
ZX81. These programs are written for
the unexpanded 1K or 2K machine.
Entertainment and learning from one of
the designers of tomorrow’s systems.
Dilithium Press
Control Things with Your Timex Sinclair.
$6.95.
Put your TS1000 to work. With a few
inexpensive parts, measure the outside
world automatically — light, heat, weight,
and more. Turn on lights remotely. Add
audible alarms and other sounds to your
computer’s repertoire. Time events. Add
a real keyboard and/or a joystick.
How to Use the Timex Sinclair. $3.95.
Authors assume you know nothing
about computers in general or the TS1000
specifically. They tell you what to expect
Extend your ZX81/TS1000:
Add Memory that won't Forget!
w ADD YOUR OWN SYSTEM UTILITIES
» BUILD UP A LIBRARY OF MACHINE
LANGUAGE SUBROUTINES
v UP TO 8K NONVOLATILE RAM
> USE HM6116LP CMOS RAM $
OR 2716/2732 EPROM :
~ COMPATIBLE WITH
16K RAM PACKS
y
a^
Pd
S
B READ THE REVIEWS:
What a super product!
8K Nonvolatile memory is a gem! It has so many possible uses
A
Sy oe Ed >
ee `
i k ore
x r a ae
s
we
ST F 2 Q
erst
plus $1.95 shipping and handling
conceived and executed very nicely...and with quality components
(SYNTAX QUARTERLY Winter 82)
| recommend this board most heartily
(OKLAHOMA S.U.G. Newsletter 1/3)
We found the documentation to be far Superior to that (of) most hardware we ve received
(S.U.N. Newsletter Nov/Dec 82)
For versatility this is even better than an EPROM... ranks quite high on the list of “must-haves”
INTRODUCTION
This memory board is designed to fill the transparent 8K
block of memory (from 8 to 16K) in a ZX81-16K system
This area of memory is an ideal place to store, either per-
manently or temporarily, machine language routines or
data which are to be used by the BASIC system.
A sample display routine, a program— merging routine,
and procedures for storing utilities on tape are included
with the kit
The use of HM6116LP 2K CMOS RAM memory IC's with
their own reserve power supply means that routines stored
in the RAM are nonvolatile — the RAM retains its memory
even when the ZX81 is switched off or reset. Moreover, be-
ing RAM, the routines you store in the memory are easily
modified. The lithium cell supplied with the, board will main-
tain sufficient reserve power for almost ten years
P
(SYNC Magazine Mar/Apr 83)
ASSEMBLY
Complete step-by-step instructions in a 20 page manual
make assembly of the board easy. Construction takes be-
tween two and three hours. The kit (pictured above) is
complete with a silkscreened solder-masked printed cir-
cuit board, all capacitors, resistors, transistors, sockets,
connectors, integrated circuits, and the lithium cell. The
board is supplied with one 2K CMOS 6116LP-3 RAM — it
will accomodate three more for a total of 8K
Complete kit with 2K $29.95
Additional three 6116LP-3 $16.00
Bare pc board & manual $13.05
Assembled & tested with 2K $44.95
Assembled & tested with 8K $59.95
Shipping & handling per order $ 1.95
Send check or money order to the address below.
HUNTER, 1630 FOREST HILLS DRIVE, OKEMOS, MI 48864
CIRCLE 34 ON READER SERVICE CARD
56
and how to handle the problems you will
encounter. You learn how to set up the
computer, how to make it work, where to
buy accessories and software, and where
to get additional information. Practical
advice while steering away from technical
tidbits.
More Real Time Applications for the
TS1000/2000. $12.95; with software:
$24.95.
Provides you with some ready to use
programs and gives an insight into the
techniques on which software is built. Full
documentation and detailed commentary.
Programs include: Dif, Till, Statistics,
Cricket, Carbon Dating, Half Life, Re-
actions, Gas Laws, Doppler, Triangle,
Peristalsis, Electrolysis, Spider Invaders,
Notes, Music.
The Secrets of Using the Timex-Sinclair.
By Jerry Willis. $3.95.
Provides an introduction to the com-
_ puter’s basic components; an overview of
the things you can do with it; step by step
instructions on how to set it up; LOADing
and SAVEing; introduction to Basic; in-
formation on how to select, buy, install,
and use popular accessories; sources of
information about your computer such as
magazines, books, and users groups. 124
Pp.
The Sinclair ZX81. $11.95; with software:
$24.95.
Practical programs to do real jobs ina
variety of environments. Includes: bulk
storage, word processor, financial appli-
cations, banking uses. Author pushes the
ZX81 and casts aside the idea that it is
too small for any real computing work.
32 Basic Programs for the Timex Sinclair
Computer. $19.95; with software $34.95.
Games, graphics, education appli-
cations and practical uses. Purpose of the
program is described and how to use it is
explained. Sample run and complete pro-
gram with suggestions for changes. Main
routines and variables listed.
Using and Programming the Timex Sin-
clair Computer. $9.95.
An introduction to programming the
TS1000. Complete education in Basic
along with neat tricks in Basic appli-
cations. Machine language introduced.
Wayne Green Books
Converting to Timex/Sinclair Basic: A
Guide to Translating Basic Programs.
By Stuart L. Bird. $14.95. |
ISBN 0-88006-063-8
Teaches readers how to translate Basic
programs written for other Basics to run
on the TS/ZX computers. Contains a
description of each statement and an ex-
ample of its use. Differences among state-
September/October 1983 © SYNC
ments and various Basic dialects are
covered. Over 130 Basic instructions (200
including synonyms) are discussed.
Using the Timex/Sinclair 1000.
By Ralph M. Coletti. Price: TBA.
ISBN O-88006-065-4
For those who have mastered the users
manual and want to go on. Programming
techniques include how to save memory,
how to translate into TS/ZX Basic. Pro-
grams with home, business, educational,
and scientific applications are provided
with descriptions and suggestions on how
to adapt them. Hardware modifications
are also discussed.
J.L. Hartwell
Using Your Timex/Sinclair
Microcomputer
By J. L. Hartwell. $6.95 plus $1 s&h.
Why not unleash the potential of your
personal computer? This publication
goes a step beyond the basic program-
ming manual supplied with the comput-
ers. It is not meant as a substitute for the
Owner’s manual, but contains informa-
tion which clarifies and expands upon
concepts introduced in the manual.
Learn how to translate programs from
standard Basic into the Sinclair dialect.
Jenn Products
Fifty Nifty Programs for Your ZX81
1K RAM. $9.95.
For the unexpanded ZX81. Written in
Basic to facilitate learning; complete
instructions. Packaged in an 8'/% x 11
spiral bound format which lies flat for
convenient referral, these programs fea-
ture a variety of graphics and are mostly
of the game/activity nature with a few
utilities.
Fifty Programs for the Timex Sinclair
1000
2K RAM. $9.95.
For the unexpanded TS1000, all 50
programs are in Basic with many user
friendly statements to facilitate learning.
Featuring plenty of graphics, the pro-
grams are mostly games/activities with a
few utilities. All listings come complete
with instructions and are packaged in an
8 Y2 x 11 spiral bound book which lies
flat for convenient referral.
Fred Johns
Trouble-shooting and Repairs for Your
ZX81.
By Fred Johns. $4 plus $1.50 s&h.
Shows how to diagnose problems and
make repairs; trouble shooting tips to
shortcut diagnosis; diagrams of where to
check. DC readings throughout the board.
Some test programs. Where to buy parts.
List of tools needed, especially a good
volt/Ohm meter and LED tester. About
25 pp., 8 1/2 x 11.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
K.D.V.H.E. Publishers
Sinclair ZX81/Timex Sinclair 1000 Sta-
tistics: Twelve 16K Programs Including
Multifactor Analysis of Variance.
By A. H. Wolach and M. A. McHale. $11;
cassettes: $15; individual programs:
$1.50.
Twelve programs for statistical analysis
using t-test and analysis of variance. Ex-
tensive directions for entering data; com-
plete example of data input and output
for each program; large data sets can be
handled with 16K RAM. Tests include:
independent groups t-test; correlated
measures t-test; one, two, and three way
analysis of variance and more. 200 pp.
McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Basics: A Guide to the Timex/Sinclair
1000.
By Henry Mullish. $9.95.
Introduction to programming that
shows readers how powerful and flexible
Basic is while working at their own pace.
Applicable to the TS1500.
Bogglers: 22 Smart Games Programs (2K
to 16K) in Timex/Sinclair Basic.
By Graham Charlton, Mark Harrison, and
Dilwyn Jones. $12.95.
Entertainment and utility programs for
any TS/ZX machine with 16K RAM.
With more memory to work with the
programs are more challenging. The pro-
grams are fully tested.
Crunchers: 21 Simple Games for the
Timex Sinclair (2K).
By Henry Mullish and Yin Chiu. $8.95.
Fully explained game programs written
expressly for the TS1000. Games of
chance and skill written in Basic. Hours
of family entertainment as well as infor-
mative introduction to programming. Ap-
plicable to the TS1500.
GOSUBS: 100 Program-Building Subrou-
tines in Timex/Sinclair Basic.
By Edwin and Shirley Gaby. $9.95.
A library of programming subroutines,
fully tested, immediately usable in larger
programs. For TS1000, 1500, and 2000
series (with minor modifications described
in the book).
Science and Engineering Programs for
the Timex/Sinclair 1000.
By Cass Lewart. $13.95.
25 professional programs for the
TS1000 with 2K RAM. Written for the
engineer, scientist, or college student.
Covers problems in electrical engineering,
number theory, computer science, prob-
ability, statistics, and operations research.
Programs solve, i.e., complicated queuing
and reliability problems, find solutions to
transcendental and differential equations,
find best fitting Lagrange polynomials and
work with complex numbers.
ZX8&1/TS1000 Programming for Young
Programmers.
By Linda Hurley. $9.95.
Affords young people the satisfaction
of getting hands on the machine imme-
diately and of running programs from the
very start. The book is in two colors and
has color coded programs. Applicable to
all Timex computers.
Melbourne House Software, Inc.
The Complete Sinclair ZX81 Basic
Course (25895MY)
$34.50.
A comprehensive manual designed to
teach you to write and develop Basic
programs for the TS1000 and ZX81; no
other books or aids are necessary. Easy
step-by-step guide with programs and “test
yourself” exercises throughout. Every
concept and function is fully described
by simple programs. Over 100 programs
and examples. Reference work for exper-
ienced programmers. By Beam Software.
Basic Course Cassettes (26490MY)
Two cassette pack: $7.50.
Contains some of the major programs
of the Basic Course manual above includ-
ing games, puzzles, and programming
hints and tips.
The Ins and Outs of the Timex TS1000 &
ZX81
By Don Thomasson.
An invaluable source of information
on the hardware aspects of the TS1000
and ZX81. Complete circuit diagram. Full
discussion of the unorthodox methods
used to put the components together and
how they work. Projects to demonstrate
the potential of the computer included.
Not Only 30 Programs (26025MY)
By Melbourne House. $9.95.
Gives Not Only 30 fully debugged pro-
grams which will fit into the 1K RAM of
the ZX81 (and also the TS1000), but also
a detailed explanation of how to write
your own exciting programs. Includes:
Star Wars, Lunar Lander, Black Jack, and
Adventures. Aimed at beginners.
Machine Language Programming Made
Simple for Your Sinclair and Timex
TS1000 (25957)
By Melbourne House. $14.95.
Go beyond Basic into machine lan-
guage programming and open computer
horizons you never thought possible.
Learn how to use the computer’s own
language and find out about PEEK and
POKE. Programming techniques, hints,
and tips. Aimed at beginners. 120 pp.
The Complete Timex TS1000/Sinclair
ZX81 ROM Disassembly (20922M)
By Dr. Ian Logan and Frank O'Hara.
$19.95.
57
Examines all the routines in the ROM
and comments on each. Part A covers
addresses 0000h to OF54h which include
all the functions except for the floating
‘point calculator. Part B covers all the
routines involved in the “evaluation of an
expression” and a detailed explanation of
the “floating point calculator.” For the
experienced programmer.
Understanding Your ZX81 ROM
(25913MY)
By Dr. Ian Logan. $14.95.
Illustrates all the facilities of the ZX81/
TS1000 monitor, how it works, and how
you can use it in your own programs. A
section on machine language use and sub-
routines will add to your programming
power. For advanced beginners to exper-
ienced.
Micro Design Concepts
Timex Sinclair Sourcebook. 96 pp. $6.95
plus $1.25 s&h ($2.50 s&h for outside
USS.).
SUN KD-81
KD-81 FEATURES
e Full size keyboard with 41 keys
e Two color silk-screened key tops for easy
- reading
e Key tops have commands and graphics
spelled out the same as ZX-81
e Extra shift key for real keyboard-style typing
e Full size space bar
e Allows touch typing
e Rear cutout allows any RAM or
<< 8 € ee
Add $7.50 Shipping and Handling for this item.
sae SUNT, RONICS
ae GU, HNL.
‘aan aie
wee 12621 Crenshaw Blvd.
~w Hawthorne, CA 90250
STORE HOURS: MON.-FRI. 9:00 am to 6:30 pm
SATURDAY 10:00 am to 5:00 pm
RD AVAILABLE!
For Your
BEST KEYBOA
If you're tired of not knowing whether your data got entered or tired of poking data in with one or
two fingers, then it's time to upgrade your ZX-81 to a full size, professional keyboard.
e Keyboard comes with own cables
e Keyboard case holds both keyboard and
e High impact plastic case with vaporized
e Easy assembly — no soldering, no
e Measures 10°," x7,” x21”
SAMWOO MONITORS GIVE YOU A BETTER PICTURE
SAMWOO provides a much better picture for your Sin-
clair Computer than your TV monitor. Simple modifica-
tion procedure includes easy-to-follow instructions.
<< (i RMR reg kc O SEET
Grange ae irae tk ee a 125.00
O 19" Green... 2 ee ec
ea es aes E means 134.00
16K RAM MODULE (MX-16KP) °49.95
64K RAM MODULE (MX-64KP) °119.00
ZX-81/TS-1000
(] Includes Shielded Case
[_] Fully Warranted For 90 Days
L_] Now In Stock
C] Hundreds of Satisfied Customers
NEW LOWER
PRICE
$5995
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
expansion module to be plugged in
computer with room to spare
metal shielding
modifications
Features:
e Composite Video Input/Output
e Switchable Input Impedance 75 or
10K ohm
e 750 Line Resolution at Center and
500 Lines at Corners
e Dimensions are 12.13” x 11.34” x
11.65” for the 12” model and 8.66”
x 8.54” x 9.05” for the 9” model
$121.00
$130.00
e Builtin output connector for piggyback
e Lip for mounting on ZX-81 & KD-81
e High4mpact plastic case with vaporized metal shielding
e 6.6” wide, 3.2” high, 1.08” deep
CALIFORNIA OUTSIDE CALIFORNIA TOLL FREE
213-644-1149 1-800-421-5775
(for Tech Info and Calif. orders) (Order Desk Only)
Mail Order — Minimum Order $10. Send Money Order
or Check to P.O. BOX 1957 - HAWTHORNE, CA
90250. VISA or Mastercard (please include expiration
date). Add $4.00 postage and handling to order.
CA residents add 6% sales tax.
CIRCLE 66 ON READER SERVICE CARD
58
Listing of applications, software, addon
hardware, books, catalogs, and maga-
zines. Listing includes author, program
description, types of media available,
minimum equipment configuration, price
and ordering information. Listings by cat-
egory from worldwide sources. Over 600
listings from over 160 suppliers.
Oxford Computer Publishing Ltd.
Machine Code Test Tool ZX81 & Timex
1000
16K RAM. Cassette: $19.95.
The ultimate tutor and debug pro-
gram. Lists and displays machine code
instructions as they are written. Ideal for
both the novice and the expert.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Programming Your Timex/Sinclair 1000.
By Michael & Simon Barnett. $12.95.
Shows families how to utilize the
TS1000 in the home. Everything from
doing homework to household manage-
ment.
Programming Your Timex/Sinclair 1000
in Basic.
By Mario Eisenbacher. $9.95 (paper);
$17.95 (cloth).
Introduction to Basic programming for
those with no previous computer experi-
ence. Easy to digest format leads the user
through hands-on examples of programs
in the early chapters and helps develop
skills gradually for more complex pro-
grams.
Programs for Your Timex/Sinclair 1000.
By Melbourne House Publishers. $9.95
(paper); $15.95 (cloth).
Fully explained programs, scores of
programming hints and space saving tech-
niques, and PEEK and POKE expla-
nations. 30 varied programs including
Blackjack, Checkers, Battleship, Craps,
Simon, Breakout, Mini adventure, Roul-
ette, Starwars.
30 Games for the Timex/Sinclair Com-
puter.
By William Behrendt. $4.95.
30 games ranging from fortune telling
programs to simulation of the ecosystem.
Fun and engaging.
Timex/Sinclair Interfacing: Tested Pro-
jects for the ZX80, ZX8l, and the
Timex/Sinclair 1000.
By James Downey. $10.95.
How to construct interfaces with in-
structions for building a relay controller,
a joystick interface, analog to digital con-
version and more.
Que Corporation
Timex/Sinclair 1000 User’s Guide. Vol. 1
By Joseph C. Giarratano. $12.95. $9.95.
A practical guide for learning to pro-
September/October 1983 © SYNC
gram. Introduction to computers, how to
use it as a simple calculator, then as a
super calculator, then as a computer to
run programs. Learn how to use pre-
recorded programs and how to write your
own through chapters on Basic program-
ming, utility commands, input, tests and
decisions, loops. 228 pp.
Redditch Electronics
Programming For Real Applications
16K RAM. £6.95 plus s&h.
Includes programs for personal finance,
word processor, bulk storage, money,
banking, educational, hardware improve-
ments. Cassette tape also available
(£11.44).
Reston Publishing Co.
Basics of Timex Sinclair 1000, ZX81
Basic.
By Allen H. Wolach. $10.95.
Covers hierarchy of arithmetic opera-
tions; entering programs; branching;
arrays; loops; multidimensional arrays;
simulating library functions; using sub-
routines; SLOW and FAST mode; re-
lational operators in logical decisions;
plotting; graphics in strings; plotting;
slicing; strings in arrays.
The Explorer’s Guide to the ZX81 and
Timex Sinclair 1000
By Mike Lord. $12.95.
The classic “advanced” book for the
TS1000 and ZX81, now available in the
U.S. and Canada. New features of Basic;
new machine code programming tips
and elements of the ROM; 30 games and
other programs: application routines;
hardware tips; how to add a fullstroke
keyboard; and more.
Fifty 1K/2K Games for the ZX81 and
Timex Sinclair 1000
By Alastair Gourlay, James Walsh, and
Paul Holmes. $10.95.
A new selection of games designed for
the TS1000 and ZX81; all in 1-2K. Fea-
tures such arcade favorites as: Dogfight,
Breakout, Outlaw, Galaxian, Roadracer,
Alien Invasion, and dozens more.
Self-Teaching Software for the ZX81 and
Timex/Sinclair 1000
16K RAM. $29.95 each.
Children from grades 1-6 will find ba-
sic arithmetic skill instruction and nu-
merous practice programs. Each
package contains 2 cassettes with 32 les-
sons, games and activities, and an
explanatory booklet. A classroom aid.
Packaged in a durable vinyl binder. Six
units each sold separately. By Joseph R.
Gladstone.
Making the Most of Your ZX81
By Tim Hartnell. $10.95.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
This handbook focuses on the addi-
tional features of the TS1000 and ZX81.
New games and useful learning tricks
help show how to write programs that
really work! It will guide users from
start to finish, through each feature and
function of the TS1000/ZX81 personal
computer.
Mastering Machine Code on Your ZX81.
By Toni Baker. $12.95.
Using this guide, the reader learns the
ins and outs of ZX machine code
translation. The handbook reveals the
secrets of the ZX81 and shows how to
adapt the ZX81 code to the ZX80
machine.
49 Explosive Games for the ZX81
Edited by Tim Hartnell. $10.95.
Galactic Intruders, Checkers, Death
Maze, Breakout, Smuggler’s Mold, and
44 other favorites, newly adapted for
your TS1000 or ZX81. Contains com-
plete programming instructions, plus
easy-to-understand game rules.
THE MINDUWARE LNE oF SOFTWARE
FOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR COMPUTERS
one Se
MATRIX THE FAST ONE 2-TEXT INVENTORY FORECASTING SLIDE SHOW CRITICAL NUMERIC TOOLKIT SCREEN KIT
PLANNER Store. organize Ausefulword CONTROL GRAPHS Creates and PATH Solves math Shortcut Routines to
An all-purpose and retrieve processing Two ways to Analyzes runs video Gets complex formulas and commands for enhance
electronic data instantly program keep track of growth display shows scheduling draws graphs programmers screen
spreadsheet $24.95 $19.95 inventories trends and $22.95 under control $24.95 $19.95 displays
$22.95 $22.95 plots graphs $19.95 $19.95
$22.95
=a [ee ae
Bese Bes WESE
vuru
ERE A Ea
GULP LABYRINTH PILOT GRAPHIC GOLF CROSSWORD ANAGRAMS WORD TEST MULTIPLE COSMOS
Gobble your Can you find Cockpit A challenging Create and play Try to put the All kinds of CHOICE Hyperspace
way through your way controls 18-hole your own scrambled question and Can you pick laser battles
mazes. chased through that teach you golf course crosswords words answer tests the correct among the
by ogres 3-D corridors? howto $9.95 $15.95 back ın order $15.95 answer? stars!
$15.95 $15.95 navigate $15.95 $15.95 $15.95
$19.95
@ FAST LOADING Mindware’s proprietary
Quickload™ feature lets you load
programs up to four times faster
than conventional Timex/Sinclair
programs. Quickload software also
alerts you to misloads, and lets you
restart the tape from the point of
interruption, without re-loading from
the begining.
THE ONLY PLAIN PAPER, DOT-MATRIX
PRINTER FOR THE TIMEX/SINCLAIR SYSTEM
Mindware’s MW-100 gives you the
ability to make hard copies
of programs, data, mailing
lists, and screen
graphics.
SPECIAL OFFER: Order an MW-100 printer for $119.00
and get your choice of any two Mindware software titles
FREE; plus 5 FREE rolls of paper (comparable retail value,
$150-182.00).
Thousands of MW-100’s have sold nationally at a retail price of
$129.95 (Printer alone).
@ QUALITY TITLES Mindware software is
written by top British software
developers, including Picturesque,
Hewson, Hilderbay, Asher, Campbell,
Axis, Jones, Vortex and Silversoft.
@ USER-FRIENDLY Documentation provides
clear instructions, learning examples,
and trouble-shooting tips.
(All programs require 16K.)
Fora ee ee ont TO EC. RT Tne oe
Postage & handling
Total l
(Mass.residents add 5% tax |
SPECIAL PRINTER OFFER - Retail value, $150-182.00 i
MW-100 printer - f 119.00 l
Two software titles free: “i N/C |
i: N/C
Postage & handling 4.95 |
Total
(Mass. residents add 5% tax) |
Total. enclosed is O check O money order |
Charge to O visa O Mastercard : |
Volume discounts
Number 3
£ geese available to dealers |
I
naaa Print y and schools. I
Name Send more info on: I
Address O Quickload software.
City/State/Zip O MW-100 printer. l
SEND TO: Eagle Sales Co./sy
15 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760
(617) 655-3388
CIRCLE 27 ON READER SERVICE CARD
59
The ZX81 Pocket Book
By Trevor Toms. $10.95
Helps readers create their own pro-
grams and understand why they work. It
shows what the ZX81 or TS1000 can do,
and how “extras” can help it do more.
Reveals new applications for ZX81 Ba-
sic; offers simplified data file storage and
retrieval techniques and more.
Softest
M Code, Basic Booklets $20.
Rapid Reference Series 8 page booklets
on machine code and Basic. Instruction
set is collated and set out for ease of
access. Similar to a comprehensive set of
prompt cards.
Sybex
More Uses for Your Timex Sinclair 1000:
Astronomy on Your Computer
By Eric Burgess. $6.95.
Look at the stars in your own personal
planetarium with programs that allow you
to observe the apparent movement of the
stars, planets, and meteor showers. Writ-
ten in Basic and ready to be entered on
your TS1000. 176 pp.
Your Timex Sinclair 1000 and ZX81
By Douglas Hergert. $6.95.
176 pp. ISBN: 0-89588-099-7.
Discusses the setup, operation, and
capabilities of the computer; how to con-
nect it to a TV; benefits of additional
attachments; how to program for a variety
of tasks, e.g., doing calculations, making
bar graphs, drawing pictures on the
screen, playing games.
Timex Sinclair 1000 Basic Programs in
Minutes
By Stanley R. Trost. $6.95.
Collection of useful programs to take
full advantage of each of the TS1000
function capabilities. Calculate home
finances, analyze business and personal
investments, investigate real estate
options, analyze data, keep records.
Ready-to-run programs. No knowledge of
Basic is required. Just ENTER the pro-
grams and you are ready to compute.
The Timex Sinclair 1000 Basic Hand-
book
By Douglas Hergert. $4.95.
Describes and provides examples of
each word in the TS1000 Basic vocabu-
lary. Every keyword and function is
explained carefully and thoroughly. Short
example programs illustrate the use of
each command in its syntactically correct
form. Special notes provide insight to
subtleties and extra features of each Basic
word. 170 pp.
60
Your Timex Sinclair 1000 and ZX6&1
By Douglas Hergert. $6.95.
Answers your questions about the set
up, operation, and capabilities of your
computer: how to connect it to your TV
set, the benefits of additional attachments,
how to program it for a variety of tasks
such as doing calculations, making bar
graphs, drawing pictures, playing games.
Tab Books Inc.
A Kid’s Manual for Programming the
Sinclair/Timex Computers. $6.95 (paper)
(FPT $7.25); $12.95 (hard).
Written by an elementary school teach-
er with experience in classroom use of
computers. Makes programming exciting
for any age group. A fun alternative to
plug-in games that helps to prepare
today’s kids for the computer dominated
environment they will face.
Using & Programming the ZX81/TS1000,
including Ready to Run Programs. $7.95
(paper) (FPT $8.25); $14.95 (hard).
Everything the beginner needs to learn
and how to put it to work in a variety of
applications. Introduction to the essential
concepts of hardware and software, the
unique characteristics of the TS/ZX ma-
chines and a mini-course in Basic pro-
gramming.
TSG Enterprises
The Watchmakers Guidebook to the
Timex Sinclair Computers. $4.95 pp.
A directory of suppliers with a brief
description of their wares including about
250 software, 100 hardware, 30 ancillary.
Directories of user groups, Timex/Sinclair
specific magazines, newsletters, direc-
tories, books, and articles in other maga-
zines, An introductory chapter about
writing a program in Basic.
V and H Computer Services
What can I do with 1K?
By Roger Valentine. £4.95.
40 programs and routines for the unex-
panded ZX81 or TS1000. United King-
dom publication; also published in US by
John Wiley Inc.)
What can I do with 16K?
By Roger Valentine. £4.95.
11 fully documented programs for the
16K RAM ZX81 or TS1000. United King-
dom publication; also published in US by
John Wiley Inc.
What Can I do with My Timex Sinclair
1000? Lots!
By Roger Valentine
$9.95; $19.95 w/cassette.
56 programs for the TS1000, incl. 35
that run on 1 or 2K, presented with
clear descriptions that teach program-
ming principles by example. Includes
sophisticated games, file programs,
graphics, personal finance. Also avail-
able on optional cassette.
John Wiley & Sons
Byteing Deeper into your Timex Sinclair
1000
By Mark Harrison. $12.95.
A step-by-step guide to the capabili-
ties and limitations of the
TS1000/ZX81. Teaches TS1000 Basic
programming, and includes 37 programs
of increasing complexity as examples.
Programs for games, math, graphs &
graphics.
Timex Sinclair 1000 Basic: Quick Ref-
erence Guide
By Held. $2.95.
A reference card to the TS1000 key-
board, commands, functions, statements,
symbols, and messages, designed to be
kept right with the computer for instant
access.
TS2000/Spectrum
Books
The books in this section apply to the
TS2000 series. We have listed only those
supplied by U.S. publishers here. See Eric
Deeson’s “The Bookshelf Goes
Supernova” elsewhere in this issue for a
collection of publishers and titles in the
U.K.
Birkhauser Boston, Inc.
Introducing the Timex/Sinclair 2000:
Programs, Games, and Graphics.
by Ian Stewart and Robin Jones.
Look for it in fall 1983.
Microscene
Guide to ZX Spectrum Resources
Edited by Eric Deeson. $6.50 (incl air-
mail)
Resource collection includes listings of:
Spectrum suppliers, books, magazines,
user groups, extra memory, add-ons, soft-
ware, and other supplies. Software section
categorized and products are rated in 8
areas on a 6 point scale. 92 pp.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Introducing Timex/Sinclair 2000 Machine
Code.
By Ian Sinclair. $12.95.
Enables users to achieve high speed
graphics and advanced game applications
on the TS2000. Available in Sept.
Programming the Timex/Sinclair 2000.
By S. M. Gee. $19.95.
Covers everything from elementary
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Now for under $20, you can get a complete
collection of 20 quality, reliable and user-friendly
programs on two cassette tapes. Although easy
enough for beginners to use, even computer ex-
perts will find these programs useful. In fact, as
useful as other program packages costing
several times more.
Discover the Power of Your
Timex Sinclair Computer!
We've developed the programs that you want
and need. Useful programs to assist you in
home budgeting, education and many other
tasks. We've also included recreational and utili-
ty programs to help you unlock and explore the
power of your computer.
The HOME-PAC Contains
All the Following:
. BIORHYTHMS— Computes and plots four weeks
of your biorhythms
. ANIMALS— Popular artificial intelligence learning game
. COMPU-SKETCH— Computerized version of popular
ETCH-A-SKETCH toy
. MICRO-ORGAN— 4 octave organ music through your TV
. KALEIDOSCREEN— TV screen becomes a computerized
kaleidoscope
ADDITION DRILLS— 4 skill levels and scoreboard
. SUBTRACTION DRILLS— 4 skill levels and scoreboard
. MULTIPLICATION DRILLS— 4 skill levels and scoreboard
. DIVISION DRILLS— 4 skill levels and scoreboard
. COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION— General purpose
education program
. STATISTICS— Computes mean, variance and standard
deviation
. LINEAR REGRESSION— Computes regression
coefficients and displays equation
. VECTOR MATH— Adds two vectors and provides
resultant vector
. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION SOLVER— Solves system
of simultaneous equations
. CHECKBOOK BALANCER— Reconciles check register
with bank statement
. NET PRESENT VALUES— Computes net present value
of cash flows
. AUTO LOAN ANALYSIS— Computes amount of loan and
monthly payments
. STAR INVADER— Mini space invader game
. MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR— Utility program
enters and lists hex code
. RENUMBER— Utility program, renumbers BASIC
programs
. 21 PAGE USER’S MANUAL
pe
DOOMOND TKR wp
pone Se Sl oe te Sa oe — Sages Sane! Ree et Coe eer
Tn eee, © 2 en o ES o S h O ee >
rk
© ©
DOTE
=- oO
NOW! A COMPLETE LIBRARY OF
QUALITY SOFTWARE FOR THE SPECIAL
INTRODUCTORY PRICE OF $19.95
SIMPLEX SOFTWARE INTRODUCES
THE HOME-PAC — 20 PROGRAMS ON
TWO CASSETTES FOR THE 16K TIMEX
SINCLAIR 1000, 1500 AND ZX81.
T THE HOME-PAC AT $19.95,
WE FEEL THAT THE HOME
WHICH RETAILS REGULARLY FOR $29.95,
IS THE BEST SOFTWARE VALUE
IN AMERICA.
ADDITIONAL SIMPLEX SOFTWARE PACKAGES
REC-PAC: BIORHYTHMS & ANIMALS— Regularly $11.95,
now only $9.95
ART-PAC: COMP-U-SKETCH, MICRO ORGAN &
KALEIDOSCOPE— Regularly $11.95, now only $9.95
EDU-PAC: 4 MATH DRILLS & COMPUTER-AIDED
INSTRUCTION— Regularly $11.95, now only $9.95
MATHSTAT-PAC: STATISTICS, LINEAR REGRESSION,
VECTOR MATH & SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION
SOLVER— Regularly $11.95, now only $9.95
FIN-PAC: CHECKBOOK BALANCER, NET PRESENT
VALUES & AUTO LOAN ANALYSIS— Regularly $11.95,
now only $9.95
COMBO: Computerized variation of popular BOGGLE hidden
word game with 4x5 game board (2 to 8 players) —
Regularly $11.95, now only $9.95
GUARANTEED
Ail programs are supplied on quality cassette tapes which
are guaranteed to load and run (defective software
will be replaced if returned within 30 days).
ACT NOW! OFFER GOOD FOR LIMITED TIME ONLY!
SEND TO:
SIMPLEX
SOFTWARE
55 Sutter Street
Suite 623 Dept. A-5
San Francisco, CA 94104
PLEASE RUSH MY ORDER
C] Please send dealer information
Check CIVISA [Master Charge
HOME-Pac 19.95 | QTY | TOTAL
REC-Pac
ART-Pac
EDU-Pac
MathStzt-Pac
FIN-Pac
COMBO
Shipping & Handling
foreign orders add 3.50
Account No.
Name
Address
City Calif. res. add 6.5%
X
sales ta
TOTAL
State
CIRCLE 57 ON READER SERVICE CARD
programming techniques to sophisticated
graphics and sound capabilities. Includes
many listings and game applications.
The Timex/Sinclair 2000 and How to Get
the Most from It. ©
By Ian Sinclair. $9.95.
Introduces the TS color computer,
covers machine set up and operation, plus
Basic programming.
The ZX Spectrum: Your Personal
Computer.
By Ian McLean. $12.95.
An introduction to the TS2000 and
Spectrum, explaining the fundamentals
of Basic programming.
General Books
The computer section of any bookstore
these days contains an overwhelming
selection of material. We have gathered a
few titles we have come across which
might be of general interest.
CompuSoft Publishing, Inc.
The Basic Handbook: An Encyclopedia
of the Basic Computer Language. 2nd ed.
By David A. Lien. $19.95.
TS 1000™/ZX81™ OWNERS:
“TOUCH TYPE” FOR JUST °°
e improve programming and game playing, too!
e Easy to install - no wiring or soldering required
e Clear Vinyl with key-shaped openings and
adhesive backing.
TYPEX/81™ Keyboard
$5.95 + $1.50 P&H
Order by mail or phone.
216/234-2662 è VISA & MASTERCARD welcome.
GANHART/EARTHings
115 N. Rocky River Dr.
Berea, OH 44017
CIRCLE 32 ON READER SERVICE CARD
62
OOOOOOOOON
OOOOOOOOOD
OOOONOOOOO
NODOODOOOowO
DEALER/DISTRIBUTOR
ISBN 0:932760-05-8
An encyclopedia of nearly 500 Basic
words. Covers the dialects used by over
250 computers manufactured world-wide.
Features special sections on Disk Basic,
TRS-80 Extended Color Basic, Atari
Basic, Tektronix Basic, and converting
programs from one computer to another.
Listed alphabetically with test programs,
sample runs, variations in usage, and al-
ternate spellings. 480 pp., 7 x 9. Paper-
back.
Computer and Electronic
Supply Services
Computer Guide 1983.
Ed. by S. I. Barrett and L. A. Sweeney.
$37.25.
Guide to over 250 small and personal
computers from over 100 computer com-
panies in 5 sections: application programs
and system software; programming lan-
guages; machine characteristics; con-
sumer information; stores and vendors.
Comparison charts. New editions
annually; quarterly updates. Over 1500
Pp.
Dell Publishing Co.
The Official Computer Hater’s
Handbook.
By D. J. Arneson. $3.95.
TS1000
ful
The 64KZ
64KT
INQUIRIES INVITED
64K INSIDE!!
The 64KT = TS1000 with ser. no.
Everything the computer hater needs
to know about: how to destroy a com-
puter; what to do with a dead computer;
how to tell if your teenager is using com-
puters; how to understand computer-
speak; how to turn off computer conver-
sations at cocktail parties; and more. 192
Pp.
Wayne Green Books
Inside Your Computer.
By I. R. Sinclair. $12.97.
Explains microprocessor chips, hard-
ware circuits, the interpreter, the use of
machine language; hardware, software,
computer components, the microproces-
sor, the accumulator, and operating sys-
tems. Sections on compilers, assemblers,
monitors, binary numbers, analyzing a
Basic line, and using Basic and machine
code in combination.
Para Publishing
Word Processors &
Processing.
By Dan Poynter. $11.95 pp.
Discusses what word processing is and
how it can help the reader; the parts,
functions, and features of the word pro-
cessor; how to buy one and how much;
sources of additional information; glos-
sary of word processing terms. 172 pp.
ZX81
No wobbles!
No bulky add-ons!
No fear of crashing if bumped!
Leaves rear connector free
for preripherals!
The 64KT or 64KZ will increase the
menog INSIDE your Fag teal to it's
Capability of 6
(including 8k-16k).
K bytes
It installs INSIDE your computer in a minute
with easy instructions and NO soldering, it
Simply plugs into the microprocessor socket.
Or if you prefer, get the memory you want in
a complete kit that you can put together.
prefix F or P
TS1000 with ser. no. T or D or 2X8]
ee+-110.00
cece. - - 90.00
To order, send the part number you need, and
check or money order (add 4.00 for shipping
and handling) to:
INDEPENDENCE RESEARCH
P.O. BOX 1497
OREM, UTAH 84057
CIRCLE 36 ON READER SERVICE CARD
September/October 1983 © SYNC
PC Clearinghouse, Inc.
PC Clearinghouse Software Directory.
$29.95 plus $2.50 s&h.
Comprehensive software buyer’s guide
listing over 21,000 software packages from
over 2900 software publishers and 200
microcomputer manufacturers. Cross ref-
erenced to hardware, operating systems,
application packages, programming lan-
guages, and prices. 840 pp.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
The Computer Cookbook: How to Create
Small Computer Systems That Work for
You.
By William Bates. $12.95 (paper); $21.95
(cloth).
Comprehensive reference guide on put-
ting together microcomputer systems
from various component; explains the
ingredients that must be integrated into
finished systems; offers specific, factual,
timely information including an industry
listing.
St. Martin’s Press
The Complete Handbook of Personal
Computer Communications: Everything
You Need to Know to Go Online with the
World.
By Alfred Glossbrenner. $14.95.
Shows how to send electonic letters,
telexes; to buy modems and communi-
cations software; using the Source,
CompuServe DJN/R; troubleshooting;
electronic banking; online fact finding;
shopping online; free computer bulletin
boards; free software; encyclopedic data
bases. 325 pp.
Sybex, Inc.
Programming the Z80. 3rd ed.
By Rodney Zaks. $16.95.
ISBN 0-89588-069-5
Covers all aspects of programming the
Z80 in assembly language. Includes syste-
matic descriptions of Z80 hardware orga-
nization, complete instruction set, Z80
addressing modes, data structures. Appli-
cation examples and exercises. 624 pp.
Z80 Applications.
By James W. Coffron. $14.95.
Learn the necessary programming and
interfacing techniques to connect the Z80
microprocessor to common microcom-
puter parts; basic and advanced I/O tech-
niques; diagrams; examples. 288 pp.
Yes! Bookshop
Computers: A Comprehensive Guide.
By Chris Popenoe. $2.00.
A comprehensive guide to computer
books. 819 titles listed and classified:
computer fundamentals; computer and
society; microcomputers (by machine);
languages (by type); assembly languages
and microprocessors; operating systems.
Authors index. 60 pp. 8 1/2 x 11. Fa
September/October 1983 © SYNC
FOR 16K TS 1000/ZX81
MACHINE CODE LOADING
ROUTINE WILL STOP ANY
PROGRAM AFTER LOADING
ENABLING THE USE OF
THE SAVE COMMAND
LISTING $4.00
KATT'S
COMPUTERS
BOX 162 DEPT. T
CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS
60411
BATTERY
BACK-UP
e Uninterruptable power supply
for ZX80, ZX81, and T/S1000.
e No memory loss when AC fails.
e Allows portable computing
7 hrs normal, 41⁄2 hrs with 16K.
e Completely rechargeable with
your computer power pack.
e No wiring, simple plug-ins.
e Safe, easy to use, economical.
e Ask for WITWATT 1000.
$36.50 plus $3.50 shipping/
handling, CA residents add 6%
sales tax. Send money order or
check to: WT ASSOCIATES,
3808 Rosecrans St., #262, San
Diego, CA 92110.
DON T RETURN
COLLEGE!
WITHOUT TAKING MOPSY WITH YOU
MOPSY (Matrix Operations Programming System), is
a computer program for college students, profes-
Sionals and scientists, developed for use in
personal computers.
MOPSY performs Standard Matrix Operations: adds,
subtracts, multiplies, transposes, inverts, cal-
Culates determinants, scalar multiplies and
stacks matrices, in addition, of course to I/0
and editing.
A non standard operation is also provided, for
the solution of advanced statistics and tough
non linear proplems.
You get cassette with program recorded twice,
User's Manual describing options and Application
Manual describing solution of linear simultane-
ous equations, polynomial interpolations, best
fit of curves with linear regression as a parti-
cular case, advanced statistics, numerical inte-
gration, electric circuit analysis, truss analy-
Sis, hydraulic network analysis, animal popula-
tion and harvesting studies and more.
To order, specify computer (TIMEX-SINCLAIR 16K
Or COMMODORE 64), send $25 Check or M.O. to
N.Y. reisdents add 8.25 % sales tax.
in their field and truly usef a
CIRCLE 69 ON READER SERVICE CARD
has the "programs for your Timex |
Sinclair. precision-designed and tested, —
thoroughly documented, guaranteed to 7
perform to specifications.
= CONSUMERS— ~—=
if you don't see what you need here,
write us: DEPT. WHAT-I-WANT, and
tell us what you need or want. We
will do our best to deliver.
4. SCREEN MACHINE... -> $14.95
here
i rompts anywhere on screen wni
paced com ' , hecking, formatting
and verification ® In M
flicker e Make your screen 10
professional * Commercial right
prompting shows maximum leng
2. MNEMOSYNE ASSEMBLER $19.95
by Nathan Finstein
i i t loader
tapes with proven Source Editor, fas
(650-baud) and full-featured assembler ® 30-plus
page manual ° RAM size set automatically; 16 to
64K œ List to screen and/or printer ° Editor ve
tions: add, move, change, delete, find string, ae
tag scroll, block, move block © Fast loader a
times faster than Sinclair) can be used in your $s
programs ¢ Menu driven, rapid program develop
ment cycle.
-GRADEBOOK......----- |
ee bbe cut a 3-hour job down to size. ae
minutes! Keep track of up to 40 students, Wi p
to 30 grades per student * Unlimited classes t
Weight grades any way possible, using your ow
formulae. ¢ Uses Screen Machine for full screen
data entry and editing.
e Simplify all ate
e Three screens Tull 0 la
prove your financial positione Uses s
Machine for full screen data entry and editing.
STAT MASTER... <--->
eae data entry, editing, storage, anc
data files ¢ Calculates these functions poe you
custom data: mean, standard deviation, min i
correlations, co-variances, linear drin ADA
square hypothesis tests, two-way. piah abu
tions, two-dimensional frequency distribution.
6. INSURANCE RECORDS . . . .$14.95
e Complete record-keeping of household, bue
belongings, i.e., jewelry, electronic apere cape
credit cards, collectibles, everything ° Use p eip
insurance agent recover after a fire or burg si
Uses Screen Machine for full screen, data entry
and editing.
7. VU-WRITE TEXT EDITOR. . $14.99
e Word processing simplified ¢ Perfect 24 y
document spreadsheets and programs ® Send le
ilable to add; in-
rs, notes on cassettes ° 11K available |
ae delete, move text © Up to 348 lines of 30
characters in 16K.
e All prices plus $1 for postage
* All cassettes high-quality,
guaranteed to load
$2 for any manual plus catalog;
} payment credited to first order
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED —
Great margins available. _
SyncMaster
: 919/643-7120
2 P0. Box 511, Oak Ridge, N.C. 27310
We're looking for programs in all fields. p
ir programs, paying top-
will publish your
royalties to you í rams are the best
The Bookshelf Goes Supernova Eric Deeson
Maybe old-stagers among the SYNC
readership will recognize the allusion in
my title. It refers to a piece of mine
published here in the March/April 1982
issue. Called “The Exploding Bookshelf,”
the feature listed some 40 books on the
ZX81 available in Britain at the end of
the machine’s first year of existence.
Now, a year and a half after that piece,
I must tell you I have lost count of ZX81
titles. I would not be at all surprised if the
length of the list has doubled by now—
there is no doubt that the ZX81 is here to
stay. Well, for a few years yet.
- However, I am now to survey another
shelf in the bookcase, that containing the
books on ZX81’s younger sibling, the
Spectrum. It is now somewhat more than
a year since that machine first appeared
and, again, the number of books on it is
of the order of forty. Before looking at
these publications in any detail, I would
like to make a few observations.
Observations
1) The books are bulkier now. Many in
the ZX81 list had below a hundred pages;
hardly any of the Spectrum books are so
small.
2) The books are more professional
now. Sir Clive Sinclair has created more
than a trio of micros, and around them
have grown hundreds of companies, many
of which are frighteningly well-off. Sin-
clair converted some tiny publishing
houses into comparative giants and
caused the actual creation of others
whose sales go into hundreds of thous-
ands. The new wave of books are glossy,
illustrated with photos and clear listings,
and properly proof-read. Yet the price-
Eric Deeson, 4 Ethel Rd., Harbonne, Birmingham
B17 OEL.
64
The Spectrum books are bulkier, more
professional, glossy with photos and clear
listings, and proofread, yet cost no more.
range has hardly changed, being still £2.50 |
to £10 ($4.00 to $16.00).
3) Existing publishers have made little
impact yet on this market. Their main
problem is that they are used to years
between commissioning and issuing. The
new companies can get a manuscript into
the bookshops in weeks. Maybe the big
publishers will have to save face with a
potentially successful drive into software.
The List of Books
In this survey I shall follow the pattern
of “The Exploding Bookshelf.” First
comes a list, in publisher order, of all the
books I know of. My brief comments
follow the book listing; if there are none,
it is because I have not seen the book.
Two extra details appear in the list this
time. First is the UK price, where known.
This is given because I used up SYNC’s
fee last time in replying to your queries
about prices. Some books are available in
North America, and you will have to
research that.
However, you can order direct from
Britain. I trust no publishers will complain
if you send them payments worked out
like this. To the quoted price add £1.50
for airmail postage, etc. (£2.00 if the book
costs more than £5.50). Remit that
amount as a sterling cheque; if you wish
to pay in dollars add another £1 before
converting because British banks charge
outrageously for dealing in dollars!
In case of doubt about prices and ship-
ping costs, contact the publisher directly.
Or you can contact a major distributor if
you want several books. I recommend
these two:
Software Bookshop, 30 Lincoln Road,
Solihull, West Midlands, UK.
Mine of Information, 1 Francis Ave.,
St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK.
The second extra data item in the pre-
liminary book listing is a code for type of
book. I have identified five classes: —
B: Beginner’s introduction; attempts to
put the (excellent) Manual into more suit-
able terms for novices.
P: Program collection; material which
does not do more than give superficial
notes on listings. |
I: Intermediate coverage; more in
depth work for those with some knowl-
edge of Sinclair programming; may get
into machine code somewhat.
A: Advanced work; for people who
have mastered Spectrum Basic (which is
not much different from TS1000 Basic).
M: Miscellaneous.
Following the broad shallow listing
comes a list of half a dozen books with a
paragraph or two discussion that I would
recommend as being particularly good
values. That is a personal recommen-
dation, but, well, I do reckon to have
made a deep study of Sinclair resources
in practice. Even so, there may well be
omissions, so I would best apologise now
to any aggrieved publishers wondering
why they have been left out.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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Understanding Your Spectrum by lan Logan is a treasure
trove of hints and tips and useful routines
and details a dozen Spectrum bugs.
The Bird’s Eye View
Addison-Wesley, 53 Bedford Square,
London WC1.
M: Logo Challenge, Govier and Neave,
25 pp. £29.95 (incl. workbook and 2 cas-
settes). A superb package for home and
school use on turtle graphics; good, but
cramped, pupil work book; excellent
teacher is guide; and two nicely packed
cassettes. Important.
Altwasser, 22 Foxhollow, Bar Hill, Cam-
bridge 3.
P: Cambridge Colour Collection, Alt-
wasser, 64 pp. £6.95 (cassette available).
The first book on the Spectrum. Fair
enough: Altwasser designed the
Spectrum. 20 good Basic programs with
instructions but no notes.
Armada, Westerhill Road, Bishop-
briggs, Glasgow 64.
B: First Steps with Your Spectrum,
Hughes, 128 pp. (due July). Very well
illustrated introduction for children.
AVC, PO Box 415, Birmingham 17.
P: Learning with the Spectrum, Deeson,
24 pp. £1.50 (cassette available). The
second book(let) on the machine; 10 pro-
grams for school and home learning ob-
jectives; instructions and programming
notes.
Collins Educational, 5 Buckingham
Place, London SW1
M: Spectrum Starter Pack 1, McBride,
77 pp. £9.95 (gncluding cassette). An in-
tegral cassette/workbook in fine style
introducing Spectrum programming.
M: Spectrum Starter Pack 2, McBride,
112 pp. £9.95 (including cassette). Second
half of the above.
Duckworth, 43 Gloucester Crescent,
London NW1.
I: Spectrum Graphics, Hampshire, 192
pp. £6.95. A hasty non-technical col-
lection of graphics programming tips and
listings.
P: Spectrum
(Hampshire).
Gower, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hamp-
shire.
B: Learning to Use the ZX Spectrum,
Bradbeer, 76 pp. £4.95. An amazingly
superficial introduction from a usually
brilliant writer, who indeed co-authored
the Spectrum manual.
Granada, Frogmore, St Albans, Hert-
fordshire.
B: The ZX Spectrum, Sinclair (no-
relation), 130 pp. £5.95. Sometimes su-
perb, sometimes too speedy; overall
good.
P: The Spectrum Book of Games,
James, £6.95.
66
Programmes, sic,
B: The Spectrum Programmer, James,
£6.95.
Hewson, 60a St Mary’s St., Wallingford,
Oxfordshire.
P: 20 Best Programs for the Spectrum,
Hewson, 118 pp. £5.95. A well-varied
collection, generally of high standard,
with often excellent notes. See below.
A: 40 Best Machine Code Routines for
the Spectrum, Hardman and Hewson, 144
pp. £5.95. Nicely laid out and fully ex-
plained; this is not a collection of routines
but a good grounding text with good
examples.
Interface, 44 Earls Court Road, London
W8.
B: Programming Your ZX Spectrum,
Hartnell and Jones, 231 pp. £6.95.
Another of the first few before the flood;
half written by Tim Hartnell, once the
most prolific Sinclair writer (Interface was
set up by him); a very thorough book.
P: 60 Games and Applications for the
Spectrum, Harwood, 90 pp. £4.95. All
kinds of program here, generally short
(which is good); supplied with instruct-
ions.
Linsac, 68 Barker Road, Middles-
borough, Cleveland.
I: The Spectrum Games Companion,
Maunder, £5.95. Not seen, but, if it follows
the pattern of Maunder’s earlier serious
ZX books, this will be good value.
Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire.
A: Advanced Graphics with the Spec-
trum, Angell and Jones, 254 pp. £9.95
(cassette available). An absolutely mar-
vellous book for really serious program-
mers. See below.
Melbourne House, Glebe Cottage,
Station Road, Cheddington, Leighton
Buzzard, Bedfordshire.
P: Over the Spectrum, various, 164 pp.
£6.95 (cassettes available). 300 lengthy
programs in good variety; detailed notes;
plenty of illustrations.
A: Understanding Your Spectrum,
Logan, 192 pp. £7.95. Tough going but
super. See below.
A: Spectrum Machine Language for the
Absolute Beginner, Tang, 245 pp. £6.95.
Very thorough but rather dry.
M: The Complete Spectrum ROM Dis-
assembly, Logan and O’Hara, 236 pp.
£9.95. For the real specialsist a true gold-
mine; a superb volume is this.
M: Spectrum Hardware Manual,
Dickens, 108 pp. £5.95. How the thing
actually works; some nice tweaking ideas;
very thorough.
Microscene, Battenhall Road, Har-
borne, Birmingham.
M: Guide to ZX Spectrum Resources,
Deeson, 92 pp. £2.00. Details of over 200
suppliers to this market and their pro-
ducts; illustrations; reviews. I think it is
invaluable, but I would, wouldn’t I?
Phipps, 99 East Street, Epsom, Surrey.
I: The Spectrum Pocket-book, Toms,
160 pp. £5.50 (cassette available). Useful
programs, lots of tips, and nice intro-
ductions to topics like machine coding.
See below.
Prentice-Hall, 66 Wood Lane End,
Hemel, Hempstead, Hertfordshire.
B: The ZX Spectrum— Your Personal
-= Computer, McLean et al., 220 pp. £5.95.
Rather too slow-moving, or very careful—
depends on your speed I guess!
Shiva, 4 Church Lane, Nantwich,
Cheshire.
B: Easy Programming for the Spectrum,
Stewart and Jones, 139 pp. £5.95 (cassette
available). Far and away the best intro-
duction to Spectrum programming. See
below.
P: Computer Puzzles for Spectrum,
Stewart and Jones, 60 pp., £2.50. A wide
variety of old and new teasers; good in-
struction; very well illustrated.
P: Games to Play on Your Spectrum,
Wren-Hilton, £1.95. A very pleasant little
book; just right for the transition between
purchased games and your own.
I: Further Programming for the
Spectrum, Stewart and Jones, 162 pp.,
£5.95. Another brilliant book from Stw-
art and Jones which I would deal with in
depth below except I already have two of
their magic spell-binders in that section.
I: Spectrum Machine Code, Stewart
and Jones, 103 pp., £5.95. Anyone else’s
treatment of this topic would be coded A.
Say no more? Well, I do say more! See
below.
M: Spectrum in Education, Deeson, 176
pp., £6.50. So far the only coverage of
Spectrum usage in a specific applications
area; this looks at many kinds of appli-
cations in classroom and home learning
situations; 50 programs, too. If I were not `
so scared of the author I would put “see
below” now, but I wouldn’t dare do that.
Sigma Technical, 5 Alton Rd., Wilm-
slow, Cheshire.
B: The Sinclair Spectrum in Focus,
Harrison, 190 pp., £6.25. A thorough and
thoroughly nice introduction that verges
on I category in range of content.
Sinclair-Browne (the Sinclair), 10 Arch-
way Close, London N19.
I: The ZX Spectrum Explored, Hart-
nell, 218 pp., £5.95. A unique attempt at
providing a serious overview of the Spec-
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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STOP PLAYING GAME
@ Calculate odds on HORSE RACES with ANY COMPU-
TER using BASIC.
@ SCIENTIFICALLY DERIVED SYSTEM really works. TV
Station WLKY of Louisville, Kentucky used this sytem
to predict the odds of the 1980 Kentucky Derby. See
the Wall Street Journal (June 6, 1980) article on
Horse-Handicapping. This system was written and
used by computer experts and is now being made available to home computer owners. This
method is based on storing data from a large number of races on a high speed, large scale
computer. 23 factors taken from the ‘Daily Racing Form’ were then analyzed by the
computer to see how they influenced race results. From these 23 tactors. ten were found to
be the most vital in determining winners. NUMERICAL PROBABILITIES of each of these 10
factors were then computed and this forms the basis of this REVOLUTIONARY NEW
PROGRAM.
@ SIMPLE TO USE: Obtain ‘Daily Racing Form" the day before the races and answer the 10
questions about each horse. Run the program and your computer will print out the odds for
all horses in each race. COMPUTER POWER gives you the advantage!
@ YOU GET: 1) Cassette.
2) Listing of BASIC program for use with any computer.
3) Instructions on how to get the needed data from the ‘Daily Racing Form’’
4) Tips on using the odds generated by the program.
5) Sample form to simplify entering data for each race.
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Yes, | want to use my computer for FUN and PROFIT. Please send me programs
at $24.95 each. Circle the cassette you need: PET/CBM, VIC-20, Commodore 64,
Sinclair Timex 1000, Atari, TRS-80, Color Computer, or
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PROGRAMMERS TOOLKIT and GRAPHICS ROUTINES
CARTRIDGE $29.95
A 16K to 64K compatible cartridge that plugs into the back of the ZX/TS. It
provides 8 programming aids such as: RENUMBER, DELETE, REMGEN,
etc. and 15 aa aids that will ROLL or SCROLL the screen in any
direction, DRAW or UNDRAW a predefined figure anywhere on the
screen, BACKGROUND, and more. Allows use of all 24 lines of the screen.
EPROM on cartridge uses the 12K to 16K block of memory so that none of
the BASIC programming area is used. (add $2 P&H)
PROGRAMMERS TOOLKIT and GRAPHICS ROUTINES on cas-
sette $9.95
Same as cartridge version except requires RAM in 12K- 16K area.
DRY GULCH on cassette (16K) $9.95
An interactive adventure where the user types in short English phrases
such as: Go North, Take the Hammer, Saw the Iron Bars etc. to explore an
old west ghost town in search of treasure. Written in BASIC and SAVEable in
progress. Estimated time to solve is 10-12 hours. Try this adventure first.
MORLOC CASTLE on cassette (16K) $14.95
Similar in style to DRY GULCH, MORLOC CASTLE is, however written in
machine language to provide much faster response. Provides over 200
words of vocabulary, is SAVEable in progress and uses every last byte of
tabs VERY DIFFICULT (hint sheet available) estimated time to solve 30-50
ours.
EPROM CARTRIDGE KIT $17.95
A complete kit (less EPROM) to build a plug in cartridge that will accept
one 2716, 2732, or 2764 EPROM. Board may be memory mapped in 4K or
8K increments in 8K- 16K area of memory (16K-32K if RAMpack is not used).
(Add $2 P&H)
EPROM PROGRAMMER KIT* $39.95
A ae kit to build a programmer for 2716, 2732, 2732A and 2764
EPROMS. Includes: PC board, all parts (except 28v or more power supply),
cassette, and instructions. (Add $2 P&H)
EPROM PROGRAMMER ASSEMBLED* $49.95
As above except assembled and tested. (Add $3 P&H)
1/0 PORTS AND EPROM PROGRAMMER PLANS $5.00
Schematic documentation and software listing to build a 24 line I/O port
then use it to program 2716, 2732, 2732A or 2764 EPROMS. Bare PC board
available for $17.95.
“NOTE: compatible only with ‘feedthrough’ type RAMpacks like MEMO-
TECH, BYTE BACK etc. NOT compatible with TIMEX or SINCLAIR RAM-
packs unless modified.
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The best introduction for beginners to computing
is Easy programming for the ZX Spectrum.
trum and its uses; a mishmash of pro-
gramming material, games, and text (il-
lustrated with more listings, on business
and education. A mishmash, true, but
actually a well-knitted and readable one.
Sunshine Books, 19 Whitcomb St.,
London WC2.
I: The Working Spectrum, Lawrence,
216 pp., £5.95. Subtitled “A library of
practical subroutines and programs”; this
is not. It does contain lots of modules,
some quite useful, broken carefully out
of 19 lengthy programs (in many fields),
but you cannot trace them.
Timedata, 16 Hemmells
Basildon, Essex.
I: Exploring Spectrum Basic, Lord).
Lots and lots of great little listings with
many new tips and effects; useful appen-
dices, too.
Laindon,
The Worm’s Eye View
Now I will turn to a more detailed
consideration of the books I view as the
best half dozen! Of course, those by that
Deeson chappie are really the best but I
shan’t mention them again! Can’t afford
accusations, after all.
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It seems sensible to begin at the novice
end and narrow in to the more specialised
staff.
I have absolutely no doubt that the
best introduction for beginners to com-
puting is Easy Programming for the ZX
Spectrum by Ian Stewart and Robin Jones
(Shiva). Ian is a world-renowned expert
in catastrophe theory, an abstruse branch
of math, but I am sure his bank manager
is more delighted at his ability to turn out
brilliantly readable programming books
with Robin.
This one, accessible to youngsters and
enjoyable by adults, is written in a
gloriously user-friendly style with lots of
good illustrations (even cartoons, another
product of the Stewart brain) and gently
developed program listings.
The book covers Basic throughly des-
pite its fairly short length and uncramped
style, going from square one to graphics,
sound and PEEK/POKE. It is no bind to
work through at any speed, and, when
you reach the end, you will know a lot
about programming (concepts as well as
techniques) and have some super pro-
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68
As I said above, Tim Hartnell, author
with Dilwyn Jones of Programming your
ZX Spectrum (Interface), was right up
front in the early Sinclair years. He started
magazines and a great user group and
wrote and wrote and wrote. He is pretty
well retired now. This book does not show
any of the haste of his original works and
attempts to be definitive and comprehen-
sible as well as “all things to all men” (and
women). There are millions of program
listings, but they do not overshadow the
text, which remains fairly thorough and
well-graded.
Once one has gone through an intro-
duction to Spectrum Basic it is natural to
turn to collections of rather more am-
bitious—and lengthy —listings. Thus one
can learn more and build up a reasonable
software library. The dangers with col-
lections are two-fold: (a) inadequate
proof-reading, and (b) inadequate com-
mentary.
Andrew Hewson’s 20 Best Programs
(Hewson Consultants) suffers from nei-
ther fault. Andrew, too, has been well-
respected in the British Sinclair field for a
long time, and that respect arises from his
detailed knowledge and thoughtfulness.
Both attributes are apparent in this book,
surely the best of the P bunch for people
wanting to learn rather than transfer ma-
terial mindlessly from paper to screen.
The 20 programs are fairly lengthy, per-
haps 2-3 sides on average, but they range
particularly widely in usage and are ex-
tremely well backed up in the text. We
miss the way Andrew’s earlier books gave
lots of little tips, too, but perhaps we will
be lucky enough to get a whole book of
those sometime. Mike Lord’s Exploring
Spectrum Basic (Timedata) was a strong
contender for this spot because it does
contain tips, but it lost out in being com-
paratively disjointed.
Trevor Toms is yet another name you
might know. His books have always been
beautifully presented (even if a bit pedan-
tic, and The Spectrum Pocket-book
(Phipps Associates) is no exception. It
does contain lots of hints (including the
invaluable PAUSE 4F4 from ZX81 days
that the Spectrum replaces with PAUSE
0!). However, Trevor’s book mainly con-
sists of programs, all fully annotated and
material on programming philosophy. He
goes a fair way into machine coding, too,
but for the best introduction to that we
must return to Ian Stewart and Robin
Jones for their Spectrum Machine Code
(Shiva). This is identical in style, ap-
proach, and outstanding value to their
Easy Programming. It is not a heavy text
on binary/hex/Z80 this and that; nor is it
September/October 1983 © SYNC
a dreary collection of ill-connected rou-
tines. It is a guide in the real sense of the
word, in which the authors take you
charmingly by the hand and lead you
through machine code thickets in such a
way that you do not notice that they are
thickets at all. Even 10-year olds can
compete in the arcade stakes with this
book !
Among the advanced specialist works,
we come first to Understanding Your
Spectrum by Ian Logan. Ian seems to
have dedicated his life to messing around,
Tron-style, inside Sinclair chips. Subtitled
“Basic and machine coding program-
ming,” this particular book is more acces-
sible than some of the others. It is a
treasure trove of hints and tips and useful
routines and details a dozen Spectrum
bugs, some of which of course have now
been splatted.
The Basic material is a minority in
Logan’s book; he provides a summary of
the keywords and their uses, briefly but
always with novel points for consider-
ation. The bulk of the volume is not deep
machine code, but a bright and definitive
look at ROM routines you can use in
Basic programs and such like. The pages
still look rather formidable at first sight,
but closer examination will trap you into
a great deal of midnight oil.
Advanced Graphics with the Spectrum
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& TWO JOYSTICK - 1/0 PORTS
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Has all Timex - Sinclair characters printed on multi-colored
keys. Same switch used by Atari, H.P., T.I. and others.
2 AMP POWER SUPPLY ..... SPS-2A POWER SUPPLY $22.95
-` ZX80/81 © TIMEX 1000
As you expand your system, you'll need more power to run it. This supply has it!
MULTIPLE OUTLET STRIP..... TA-4 TRANSIENT ABSORBER $29.95
with built in 2 STAGE TRANSIENT ABSORBER
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MULTIPLE OUTLET STRIP ..........
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be able to work through it you need good
Basic, thorough math (Grade 12, say),
and much patience. That is because this
field is not a toy one, and the authors do
not leave much out even if they write
always in a user-friendly way.
The book is well illustrated, as it needs
to be in view of its content, and most
adequately proof-read. The program
material consists of many sub-routines
(well-defined modules, which link to-
gether to produce the various systems
required). In this way the authors take us
from character graphics to orthographic
projection with hidden line removal. The
only area they do not touch is machine-
code graphics, but that would be too
much to ask for.
The ZX81 is alive and well in its home-
land and the number of books on it grows
steadily. All the same, after well over a
year of the excitement of the Spectrum
(an incredibly popular machine), publish-
ing on that is where the action is. My
main list is not complete, remember—
there has probably been a book a week
on the Spectrum since early last summer.
Bookshelf explosions are a real possi-
bility —I now have more computer books
on the floor than on the wall rather than
risk having the wall come down! Far over
a hundred Sinclair-based books do not
help at all.
IF ONLY YOUR
COMPUTER COULD TALK...
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TS 1000:
STEP
STEP provides line-at-a-time execu-
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shows you the display and variable
values to pinpoint programming er-
rors. Set line breakpoints, loop break-
points, or conditional breaks for fast
testing of long routines. STEP oc-
cupies 3K at the top of your 16K RAM
as you write and test new programs.
Detailed documentation. The final
solution for BASIC bugs.
Z-TOOLS
Z-TOOLS lets you merge programs
from tape, renumber lines (including
GOTOs and GOSUBs) for neat listings,
copy and delete program blocks for
quick restructuring, or verify tape con-
tents against memory to eliminate pro-
gram losses. Supplied in two versions,
for the top of a 16K RAM pack or for
the 8-10K block of expanded RAM.
HOT Z
HOT Z disassembles, debugs, and lets
you copy and edit machine code pro-
grams. If you can move a cursor
around and understand hex numbers,
you can use HOT Z almost at once.
Provides beautiful assembly listings,
addressable cassette functions, runs
your ZX printer (or Memotech 1/F),
even disassembles the ZX floating-
point language. You owe your ZX/TX
a fresh dose of HOT Z.
Z EXTRA
Z EXTRA is a display manager and
data filer that lets you enter text, data
or pictures directly to the screen and
save them in groups in memory, on
tape or in print. Display them sequenti-
ally or in scrolls through one another or
use them in your BASIC programs.
Give your computer a completely new
personality with Z EXTRA.
PRICES Add $2.00 for postage
STEP ou oe eG a eed Cassette $14.95
Z-TOOLS............. Cassette $14.95
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HOT Z-E....Four2716EPROMs $40.00
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CIRCLE 60 ON READER SERVICE CARD
70
Book Review
Learning Timex
Sinclair Basic
Sharon Zardetto Aker
Learning Timex Sinclair Basic by David
A. Lien. Compusoft Publishing. $14.95.
If you have ever thrown down your
TS1000 User Manual in despair—or dis-
gust, help has finally arrived: David Lien’s
Learning Timex Sinclair Basic. It is a
clear, thorough guide to programming the
Timex Sinclair 1000, but ZX81 and ZX80
users are not ignored. No matter how
“learner friendly” the manual for the new
TS1500 will be, it could not be friendlier
than this.
Lien takes the reader from plugging in
the computer and doing a first PRINT
command to writing search and sort rou-
tines and using PEEK and POKE. A sam-
ple program illustrates every new con-
cept, and many of them are revised in the
light of new materials presented—a very
effective explanatory method.
Computer novices are always assured
that a strong math background is not
necessary for programming. Regardless
of its necessity, a thorough grasp of math-
ematical principles is certainly desirable.
Lien has given the best no-frills expla-
nations of logarithms, exponents, and the
trigonometric functions that I have seen.
If you learn about arrays from this book,
you will wonder why the array is con-
sidered so difficult by some.
The string functions are covered over
several chapters; various concepts are
introduced so slyly —I mean, slowly — that
the reader can easily follow the develop-
ment of an alphabetical sorting routine.
The chapters on video display graphics
develop a simple shoot ’em-down arcade
game that will give you a basic under-
standing and a new respect for the pro-
gramming that goes into the real thing.
All the fundamentals of Sinclair Basic
are covered in what the author notes is a
“light and non-threatening” style—so
Sharon Zardetto Aker, 20 Courtland Dr., Sussex,
NJ 07461.
light, in fact, that he occasionally gets
carried away, leaving one wishing for
something more substantive, e.g., regard-
ing the screech on the tape: “You expect-
ed maybe Lawrence Welk?” or, regarding
the rate/time/distance formula: “If it’s
been a few years, you might want to sit on
the end of a log and contemplate that for
a while.” The misplaced cuteness is easily
forgiven, considering the contents of the
text and its otherwise excellent presen-
tation.
The author notes that this book is based
on the best of his earlier writings. This
accounts for its quality and also its most
serious flaw — serious in terms of the mag-
nitude of the error, not in terms of the
overall presentation. The chapter on “De-
bugging Programs” has not been thorou-
ghly revised to suit the ZX/TS computers.
He lists some common errors to check
for if your program is not running cor-
rectly. Included here are a half-dozen
mistakes that the ZX/TS syntax checker
never lets you enter to begin with, and it
will even show you where the error is
when you attempt to enter the line, e.g.,
forgotten end quotation marks in a
PRINT statement, using an out-of-range
line number.
There are exercises sprinkled liberally
throughout the book, with sample answers
given at the end. Information is presented
in small doses, in logical sequence, and in
a light manner. You may find yourself
wishing for a little more information in a
particular area, such as how to PLOT a
circle, other PEEK and POKE routines,
or more moving graphics methods.
However, it was not Lien’s intention to
teach everything about some things, but
something about everything, and he man-
ages to do just that. It is hard to imagine
anyone working through this book page
by page and not acquiring a thorough
understanding of ZX/TS programming
techniques. It seems an ideal how-to book
for teenagers as well as adults. =
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Book Review
Mastering Machine Code on Your ZX81
Bruce T. Garrick
Mastering Machine Code on Your ZX81
by Toni Baker. Reston Publishing Com-
pany. 180 pp. paperback; $12.95.
Though written for the ZX81, Mastering
Machine Code on Your ZX81 applies
equally well to the Timex Sinclair 1000.
Each chapter also includes addressing
and programming procedures for the
ZX80. The light conversational style is
both entertaining and understandable.
` The topics covered include: machine
code loader programs, hexadecimal
numbers, assembler mnemonics and
commands. PEEKing and POKEing,
MC storage, the stack, pushing, pop-
ping, negative hexadecimal numbers,
subroutines in MC programs, the ROM
and its many useful routines, music, the
display file, some MC games, ROM dis-
Bruce T. Garrick, 6235 S. Yorktown Pl., Tulsa, OK
74136.
assembly, and the use of the ROM
arithmetic subroutines.
Many annotated machine code
routines illustrate the book. Since the
Basic equivalents of the assembler com-
mands are given, you can relate what
you are learning to what you already
know. Each chapter from four on con-
cludes with exercises which are very im-
portant. If you do not do them, you will
miss out on a great deal. However, the
very first exercise could have been eas-
ier. Chapter 9 is worth the price of the
book and more. It has a machine code
program that allows you to List, Write,
Insert, Delete, and Save your MC
programs.
The appendices are excellent and in-
clude: the old and new ROM system
variables with their addresses in hexa-
decimal and decimal, conversion tables
for assembler to hex and hex to assem-
bler, the ZX character set, and another
complete listing of the machine code
editing program.
If you may find the use of hexadeci-
mal throughout the book inconvenient
or cumbersome to use, you can use a
converter program to shift to decimal
when you do your own programming.
Mastering Machine Code on Your
ZX81 is an understandable and enter-
taining guide that can take you, as it did
me, from total ignorance of machine
code to a fair comprehension, provided
you are interested in learning machine
code and willing to invest the time. It
took about a month of my spare time to
work my way through the book al-
though that month was not entirely
frustration free. While I am not quite a
master of machine code, I can now write
machine code to suit my purposes. And,
though my programs may lack the ele-
gance of greater experience, they really
work. | a”
MICROSYSTEMS SPECIALISTS, INC.
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CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD
September/October 1983 © SYNC
speaker.
SOUND with SINCLAIR
MAKE AMAZING SOUND EFFECTS
WITH YOUR ZX 81, TIMEX
Sinclair 1000 or SPECTRUM
THE ZON x81 $49.95
e The ZONX SOUND UNIT is completely self-contained and especially
designed for use with the ZX 81, TIMEX Sinclair 1000 and Spectrum
Computers. It just plugs in — no dismantling or soldering.
e No power pack, batteries, leads or other extras. *
e Manual Volume Control on panel — ample volume from built-in loud-
- e Standard Sinclair — 16K Rampack or printer can be plugged into ZONX
Sound Unit without affecting normal computer operation.
e Huge range of possible sounds for Games, Music, Helicopters, Sci-Fi.
Space Invaders. Explosions. Gun-shots, Drums, Planes, Lasers, Or-
gans. Bells, Tunes. Chords, etc., or whatever you devise!
e 8 full octaves. Uses 3-Channel sound chip giving programme control of
pitch, volume of tones and noise, all with envelope control.
e Easily added to existing games or programs using a few simple
“BASIC” lines or machine code. :
e No memory addresses used — |.0. mapped.
= FULL instructions with many examples of how to obtain effects and
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*Except with Spectrum, you need the Spectrum Extension Board Order
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Export orders:- Bank Cheque. Interna-
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CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD .
VISA accepted
Ring 0920 3182 for
immediate despatch.
71
ZX81/TS 1000 HARDWARE
REVERSE VIDEOQ—Convert your TIMEX/ Sinclair
to the standard white letters on a dark background
for better readability and a more professional ap-
pearance. Fits inside case with only 4 solder con-
nections. $10.95
fee) VIDEO MONITOR OUTPUT—A small pigtail
allows you to connect your TIMEX/ Sinclair to a
NTSC-compatible standard video monitor for a
crystal clear display. Parts and instructions. $4.95
[| THE LAST CASSETTE/16K Fix—Having pro-
blems with SAVE/LOAD when the 16K module is
attached? This small modification reduces ram
pack noise at the signal source. Kit and instruc-
tions. $2.95
7X81/TS SOFTWARE
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of the ledger transactions. It can handle any com-
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with or without a printer. 16K. $29.95
iced ACZ CHECK REGISTER—Does more than just
balance your checkbook. It summarizes expenses
WN by account so it’s easy to see just where your
NE money is going. This program can be used alone,
or as a companion to the ACZ General Ledger. 16K.
$10.95
ACZ EASY GRAPH takes the tedium out of bar
graph preparation. It automatically calculates the
correct scale, offers continuous updates, and
Stores 4 different graphs in one program. 16K.
$9.95
ey YOU’RE THE BOSS—A business game. As
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Looking for ways to improve your BASIC program-
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CIRCLE 20 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Book Review
Sinclair ZX81
Timex Sinclair 1000 Statistics
Lawrence A. Kelly
Sinclair ZX81/Timex Sinclair 1000 Sta-
tistics: Twelve 16K Programs Including
Multifactor Analysis of Variance by A.
H. Wolach and M. A. McHale. K.D.V.-
H.E. Publishers. $11.00. 6 program tapes,
$15; individual program on tape, $1.50.
In the highly variable world in which
we live, we use statistics to help us decide
whether the small sample of the universe
we look at is really representative of the
entire universe. In most cases we want to
know whether this sample is represen-
tative of a process which is better or worse
than the rest of the universe.
Some people, highly critical of sta-
tistics, say that you can prove anything
you want with statistics. Unfortunately,
with the misuse of statistics this can be
true. People who can be fooled by statis-
tical abuses often confuse mathematical
proof with statistical inference. Mathe-
matical proof does not exist outside the
theoretical world of mathematics. In the
real world we must use more devious
reasoning powers. In using statistics we
must always be aware of how that reason-
ing works. Statistics “sneaks in the back
door.”
For example, we can never prove that
one mouse trap is better than the other
by statistics, but we can prove, with 95
percent or so assuredness, that the two
mouse traps cannot be equivalent. The
default of this circuitous logic is that the
trap that catches more mice must be
better since we are sure that the differ-
ences between mice caught by each trap
Lawrence A. Kelly, 28 Countrywood Dr., Morris
Plains, NJ 07950.
could be observed by chance alone less
than 5 percent of the time. Technically,
these mental gymnastics are called reject-
ion of the “null hypothesis.”
The reason for this background argu-
ment is that the software package from
Wolach and McHale really works.
Many software packages from houses
like Microsoft, Sorcim, Ashton-Tate con-
tain long caveats that they do not guar-
antee the performances of their software
in any specific applications, etc. Perhaps
Wolach and McHale should have in-
cluded a similar warning since people
seem to abuse the application of statistics
more than any other discipline. The pro-
grams can be misused if one does not use
the proper test in the proper circum-
stances.
Although the book has 12 programs, it
has really only two main types of tests,
namely, the t-test and the analysis of
variance.
Clearly the t-test, which tests the distri-
bution about the means (averages) of two
groups to see if they are different by
chance alone, is designed to compare two
groups, e.g., to see if Brand A mouse trap
catches more mice than Brand B under
the same test conditions. In the first t-test
in the book, one can test 5 Brand A vs. 10
brand B, and have a valid test. In the
second test, the measurements must be
equal in number, i.e., paired obser-
vations.
The analysis of variance is to be used
in such cases where Brand A is compared
to brands B, C, D for the number of mice
they can catch. This is a one-way prob-
lem; two and three way analysis allows
for varying such factors as the kind of
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Statistics looks at a small sample of the universe to help
us decide whether the sample is re
better of worse than the rest of the universe.
mouse caught or whether using bread in
the trap is better than cheese.
I entered three or four of the listings in
the book. The convention of underlining
the “tokens” is quite helpful. The tapes
all LOADed the first time (3/4 volume)
with no problem. Each of the 12 programs
worked perfectly as described in the help-
ful examples.
For comparison to Wolach and McHale
I chose a report from “Some Statistical
Methods Useful in Circulation Research”
by Sylvan Wallenstein, Christine L.
Zucker, and Joseph L. Fleiss in Circu-
lation Research, an official journal of the
American Heart Association. The editors
had requested the authors, all biostatis-
ticians, to study the statistical methods
applied in the journal over the years 1970-
80 and to comment on the appropriate or
inappropriate use of statistics. They found
that the t-test and analysis of variance
were the most widely used tests and that
the t-test was the only test used in most
Table 1.
Analysis of Mitral Regurgitrant Orifice Areas.
Circulation Research, July 1980, p. 8.
Source of variation Sum of squares df Mean squares F
Wolach and McHale
Dog (raw) 1600 4 AD 44.7761
Time (column) supe Mian bad 3 2094, 18333 51.8115
Residual 107.2 12 8.933335 ~-
Total ph b= BER 75 19 _ ~
Wallenstein et al.
Dag (row) 1600 4 LON
Time (column) 852.6 BS 284.2 21.8
Resi cual 107.2 12 ay 9S
Total 2509.8 19 - _
Book Review
The ZX81 Companion Paul Grosjean
The ZX81 Companion, by Robert
Maunder, Creative Computing Press, 131
pp., $9.95.
The ZX81 Companion, like other ZX81
books, is totally applicable to the TS1000.
It begins with a chapter on graphics tech-
niques. First the screen field is explained.
Then PLOT and UNPLOT are used to
develop the basic components in graph-
ics: drawing straight lines, using triangles,
circles, parabolas, and ellipses, and
moving a point around the screen. After
the PRINT AT instruction is discussed, it
is combined with INKEY$ to create real-
time programs. |
For users who want to develop their
own data processing and retrieval sys-
tems, Chapter 2 may be worth the price
of the book alone. String handling and
design of programs to handle data are
September/October 1983 © SYNC
taken up first and then a program for file
processing is developed using a modular
approach.
Chapter 3 introduces educational uses
with about 10 illustrative programs and
games (including six 16K programs) for
spelling and math, including the use of
grids.
Chapter 4 is intended for the more
experienced programmer who is ready to
delve into the secrets of the 8K ROM and
machine code and put them to work for
him. The heart of this chapter is the two
page list of the starting points for most of
the useful ROM routines and the 11 page
ROM disassembly (hex addresses, codes,
and mnemonics). This does not cover the
entire ROM, only the parts most easily
usable by the programmer. The listing is
small, but readable.
Each chapter is well illustrated with
drawings, diagrams, and program listings.
presentative and
Studies reported in the journal to the
almost total exclusion of the analysis of
variance which in most cases was the
more appropriate test. Wolach and
McHale must realize this since they pre-
sent only two approaches to the t-test and
10 to the analysis of variance.
Table 1 describes the results of the
data published compared to the results
from Wolach and McHale’s program. The
test was a randomized block design done
by program BMDP2V (Dixon and Brown,
Biomedical Computing Programs, P ser-
ies, Berkeley: Univ. of California Press,
1977) on an IBM 370 in batch mode
through IBM VSPC and by #7RBKE
(Wolach and McHale) on a kit-built ZX81
in an interactive mode in real time.
The book provides many fine referen-
ces to experimental design and the proper
application of each of the tests in the
package. Students of statistics, or anyone -
wishing to know more on the subject, will
find an excellent course of study using
the references listed by Wolach and
McHale, their trusty TS1000, and the
tapes available with the book. a
These programs include the program out-
lines, variable lists, and comments. Exer-
cises allow the reader to try out the points
being developed, and answers are given
for self checking. The book is typeset,
including the over 60 program listings.
Although this makes the listings much
easier to read, they do not follow the
screen format of the computer. The brief
index includes program names as well as
topics.
The Appendix is a particularly valuable
section because it deals with the design
and development of a program as a whole
by dividing the task up into a series of
steps and taking the reader through the
process.
This is a book for users who are ready
to move beyond the manual to expand
their use of graphics, to tackle bigger
programs, and to use the ROM more ef-
fectively.
73
Cassette Software for the ZX81
and the Timex/Sinclair 1000
TEXTII-Text processing system
Features:
% No word splitting at end of
lines
% Pages separator and new Line
control characters
% Adjustable no. of characters
per line for 32, 80 col, etc.
printers
Utilizes machine code to
speed up routines
*% String search routine to
find words, phrases
# Renumber routine to allow
paragraph insertion
+ Inverse video screen
function
*x Instructions to use the
string search, line renumber
and inverse video as
utilities for other programs
x Lower case-if your printer
prints lower case for
graphics characters
#% Block delete function
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74
Book Review
Byteing Deeper into Your
Timex Sinclair 1000
Sharon Zardetto Aker
Byteing Deeper into Your Timex Sinclair
1000 by Mark Harrison. John Wiley &
Sons. 160 pp. Softbound. $12.95.
Byteing Deeper into Your Timex Sin-
clair 1000 is catchy title, but do not take
it too literally since the book was origin-
ally written for the ZX81 and retitled.
Nevertheless, the content applies com-
pletely to the TS1000. More importantly
though, it does not just “byte” deeper
than the User’s Manual, it covers many of
the basics in a more easily digestible
manner.
If you have already had some TS1000
experience, you might want to skip over
the first few chapters. While they are not
unworthy of study, the real meat begins
with chapter 5.
The first program (p. 35) is a simple
three-liner that fills the screen with what-
ever is input. It will hook you on Sinclair
graphics possibilities, and, if you like what
Harrison can do with INPUT, PRINT,
and GOTO, just wait until you see what
he does with INKEY$.
All the commands and functions are
introduced, explained, and used in the 37
illustrative programs. Games run the
gamut from “Dice” and “Baccarat” to
“Destination Saturn” and “Black Holes.”
The programs for alphabetizing and line
renumbering will get a lot of use, and you
will want to become familiar with “Word
Processor” before you buy that printer
you have been promising yourself.
Although the explanation of plotting
Sharon Zardetto Aker, 20 Courtland Dr., Sussex,
NJ 07461.
circles and ellipses assumes the reader
has a knowledge of trigonometry, the
uninitiated can use the formula programs.
The chapter on PEEKing and POKEing
shows how to use the memory locations
in the ROM and the RAM. When you
write your own game programs, you will
return repeatedly to the sample uses of
PEEK and POKE. While the introduction
to machine code will not make you a
machine code programmer, it will help
you understand and use more confidently
the many machine code programs avail-
able for ZX/TS computers.
The brief, but thorough, section on the
logical functions might well be the high-
light of the book. Understanding the true/
false testing capability of the Sinclair will
lead to more elegant programming, and
knowing how to replace lines of
IF/THENSs with a concise AND/OR will
save memory.
The last section on “Projects” (hints,
not answers, are provided) is uncomfort-
ably like a final exam. If, however, you
can handle the projects, you will know
that you know your stuff. Harrison knows
his stuff, and he explains it well.
If you were totally lost half way through
your Manual, this book is not the best to
turn to. Although its explanations are
clear and concise, it moves quickly and
does not give you second chances. How-
ever, if you are in need of some clarifi-
cation or if you might benefit from a
different approach, this is a book to buy.
At first glance, Byteing Deeper seems a
slim volume for its price tag, but the
wealth of information packed into it jus-
tifies the expense.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
TIMEX 1000
BUSINESS
Budgeting
Inventory Control
Financial Analyzer
Stock Analyzer
Critical Path Analyzer
Bookkeeping
Leap Frog
Star Voyage
Fungaloids
Invaders
Chess
Snakebite
Packman
Assembler
Disassembler
Compiler
AND MANY MORE EXCITING PROGRAMS
CALL FOR FREE CATALOG
Shipping extra. No tax out of state.
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Tel: (212) 486-0980
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1K RAM
The Logical Operators Sharon Zardetto Aker
AND and OR have two distinct us-
ages in Sinclair Basic. One mirrors their
use in English and is easily understood;
the second is less straightforward, but is
an extremely versatile programming
technique. NOT, the third logical op-
erator, is unfortunately overlooked or ig-
nored by many beginner programmers;
it, too, can be a powerful programming
tool.
AND and OR
IF A<10 AND B<10 THEN...
IF A<10 OR B<10 THEN...
In the first example, the command
following THEN is executed if both con-
ditions are true (the conditions being
A < 10 and B < 10). In the second exam-
ple, as long as either condition is true,
the command will be executed.
AND has a higher priority than OR
and is performed first regardless of its
position in the conditional statement.
IF X>5 OR Y>5 AND Z>5 THEN...
This statement sets up two conditions:
1) X>5
2) Y>5 AND Z>5
Since they are linked by OR, either one
being true will cause the command to be
executed.
To circumvent the computer’s auto-
matic ordering of operations, paren-
theses should be used.
IF (X>5 OR Y>5) AND Z>5 THEN...
The two conditions in this statement
are:
1) X>5 OR Y>5
2N LaO
Since they are linked by AND, both con-
ditions must be true for command
execution.
You should note that, in this last
Sharon Zardetto Aker, 20 Courtland Dr., Sussex, NJ
07461
76
You must understand the computer's
view of “truth”: a true condition is
“4”: a false condition is “0”.
example, there are actually two combi-
nations that will satisfy the computer’s
truth-check:
1) X>5 AND Z>5
2) Y>5 AND Z>5
Instead of IF-THEN
AND and OR also have another, en-
tirely different, usage in Sinclair Basic,
one that allows you to combine several
IF-THEN statements into one logical
statement that does not even use IF-
THEN.
IF A<10 THEN GOTO 125
IF A=10 THEN GOTO 300
IF A>10 THEN GOTO 480
can be rewritten:
GOTO (125 AND A<10)+
(300 AND A=10)+
(480 AND A>10)
To translate this into understandable
English, read each AND as “if.” The
computer looks at each one of the par-
enthetical statements and checks the
truth of the expression following AND.
If that conditional statement is true, the
value of the parenthetical statement is
set at whatever precedes AND; if the ex-
pression is false, the statement is as-
signed a 0.
So in this last example, if A is 14, the
line will work out as in Figure 1. The
computer will GOTO 480.
Mutual Exclusivity
The parenthetical statements in the
above example are mutually exclusive;
that is, if one is true, the others have to
be false. That is not always the case, and
you should plan carefully in a situation
like the following:
IF N<10 THEN GOTO 100
IF N=10 THEN GOTO 150
IF N<20 THEN GOTO 200
Obviously, N can be less than 10 and
less than 20 at the same time; so can it
be both equal to 10 and less than 20. As
long as the IF-THEN statements are in
the right order in your program (“right”
depends on the effect you want), there is
no problem because the computer will
act upon the first true statement it en-
counters and never see the one(s)
following.
However, if you rewrite these state-
ments using the logical operators, you
PETES Oe, SAE ESI Nip RRR E ET ENN, TS A E
GOTO (125 AND A<10) + (300 AND A=10) + (480 AND A>10)
false false true
GOTO (0) + (0) + (480)
Figure: Pan r e a a o e e
GOTO (100 AND N<10) + (150 AND N=10) + (200 AND N<20)
false true true
GOTO (0) + (150) + (200)
September/October 1983 © SYNC
a ae ae EE a aE
would have a big problem. If N is 10, the
computer would make the evaluation
found in Figure 2 and execute GOTO
350.
Further definition of one or more of
the conditions, until the parenthetical
Statements are mutually exclusive, is
necessary. For instance:
FENS TO,
IF N=10...
IF N<20 AND N>10...
Written logically,
GOTO (100 AND N<10)+
(150 AND N=10)+
(200 AND (N<20 AND N>10))
In the last parenthetical statement,
the first AND operates as “if.” The sec-
ond AND operates in its usual manner
requiring that both conditions be true
for the total expression to be true. The
inner parentheses are not strictly nec-
essary, since the first AND will always
be used as the “‘if’; they were included
here only to make the example clearer.
Other Commands
Since the entire logical expression
boils down to a number, it can be used in
place of a number with many different
commands:
PRINT AT (5 AND Z>14)+
(2 AND 2Z<5) 10: OKAY!
PLOT X, (17 AND B=12)+
(27 AND B<>12)
GOSUB (500 AND L=10)+
(800 AND M=10)
PRINT (0 AND N<>10)+
(N AND N=10)
PAUSE (120 AND T<10)+
(380 AND T>=10)
Strings
Strings can also be used with logical
Statements. If the conditional expression
is true, the parenthetical expression is
“equal to” the string before AND. If the
conditional expression is false, the state-
ment is considered to be an empty
string. So:
IF A>B THEN PRINT
IF A<B THEN PRINT
can be rewritten as:
PRINT (‘ ‘TOO HIGH’’ AND A>B)+
(°*TOO LOW’’ AND A<B)
When A is larger than B, the statements
will be evaluated:
PRINT (‘‘TOO HIGH’’)+(‘‘’")
You can also assign a string value
with this syntax:
LET P$=(‘ ‘TOO HIGH’’
AND A>B)+
(°*TOO LOW’’ AND A<B)
A logical expression for strings or
numbers does not have to consist of
alternative choices; a parenthetical logi-
cal expression can be inserted into
an otherwise straightforward command.
Consider a program that would display a
multiplication problem of two randomly
generated numbers (A and B) and a
player’s answer (C). If the answer is
wrong, you might want it marked with
an asterisk.
PRUNE Ag SS e233:
TAB 10; (=?
AND C<>A*B);TAB 11;C
If the answer is correct, nothing will
be printed at TAB 10.
ATO MIGH”?
‘ “TOO EOW?
Variable Re-valuation
Logical expressions that change the
value of a variable are easy to use. Here
is one example, and the ways it would be
evaluated.
LET X=X+(5 AND B<A)+(7 AND B>A)
LIBSA Xe (GS) oo (0) HE X45)
TBA Se EO) OT) SERPS
Lt BA he CO) B00) OX)
As you can see, there is no need to
write a statement for the B=A possibil-
ity if you want X to remain the same in
that situation.
If the variable is to be decremented,
change the plus sign to a minus sign:
LET N=N+(5 AND P=0)-
(5 AND P<>0)
This will be evaluated in one of two
ways:
If P=0: N+(5)-(0) = N+5
If P<>O: N+(0)-(5) = N-5
Using OR
While AND is used for strings and
numbers, and variable re-valuation
involving addition and subtraction, OR
is only practical for re-valuations involv-
ing multiplication or division. A study of
the chart in Figure 3 might help you
understand why this is so.
When OR is used in this construction,
read it as “unless”:
LET N=N*(10 OR A>B)
If B is less than A, the statement is
true. It is evaluated as 1 (as noted in the
chart), and reads:
LET N=N+(1)
and the value of N does not change.
If B is not less than A, the parentheti-
cal statement is assigned the value of the
number before OR:
LET N=N*(10)
So, N is multiplied by 10 unless B is
less than A, in which case N remains the
same.
If you were writing a program to cal-
culate new prices for merchandise going
on sale, where items less than $100 were
to be reduced by 10% and all others by
20%, your statement would read (P is
the current price):
LET P=P*(.8 OR P<100)*
(1:9 OR P=100.)
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September/October 1983 © SYNC
77
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78
The evaluations are:
If P<100: P=
I f P>=100: P
=P+.9
=P+.8
(1)(.9)
*(.8)(1)
Non-exclusive Statements
You may not always want parentheti-
cal statements in a variable re-valuation
to be mutually exclusive.
Consider a game where a player re-
` ceives 10 points for hitting at least ten
targets, and a bonus of 20 points for hit-
ting exactly ten targets.
LET SCORE=SCORE+
(10 AND H>9)+
(20 AND H=10)
When H is ten, both expressions are
true and SCORE is incremented by 30
points.
ORs do not have to be mutually
exclusive, either. Consider the change in
a game score caused by the following:
LET S=S*(10 OR H<5)*
(10 OR H<10)*
(10 OR H<15)
If H is less than five, all three state-
ments are true, evaluated as 1, and S (the
score) does not change at all. As the
value of H gets higher, the score will be
multiplied by 10, 100, or 1000, depend-
ing on how many of the parenthetical
statements are true:
lf H is 7:
S=S+*(10)*(1)*(1) =S*10
If H is 12:
S=S+*(10)+*(10)*(1) =S*100
lf H is 19:
S=S+*(10)*(10)*(10) =S*1000
NOT
To make use of NOT, you must first
understand the computer’s view of
“truth.” Conditions in an IF-THEN
statement are evaluated, and a true con-
dition is assigned a one, while false one
are assigned zero. (Note the “result” col-
umn in Figure 3.)
Furthermore, any mathematical ex-
pression whose result is zero is consid-
ered false, while a non-zero result (even
a negative number) is true.
NOT changes the true/false value of
an expression:
If A is false, NOT A is true.
If A is true, NOT A is false.
Applications
If you would like a command exe-
cuted every second time it is en-
countered in a loop, use NOT to change
the true/false value of a variable back
and forth. With:
LFV ERE: -=
at the beginning of a loop, and:
LET V=NOT V
later in the loop, V will be true on every
other loop.
By using
LET E=N/2-INT(N/2)
E is zero whenever N is an even number.
To have a command executed only when
N is even, use
IF NOT E THEN...
Similarly,
LET I=N-INT N
means that I is zero whenever N is an
integer, and
LF. NOT.) 22.
will be a true condition when N is a
whole number.
Priority
NOT is assumed to apply only to the
number to its right, unlike the other
logical operators, which automatically
apply to an entire expression.
NOT B<C
is interpreted as:
(NOT B)>C
NOT has priority over both AND and
OR, so the following conditional state-
ment would be processed in the order of
innermost brackets first:
IF [[ [NOT A] AND B] OR C]
The use of NOT can, of course, be al-
tered by the use of parentheses.
A Demonstration Program
“Dots” is a sketcher program that
illustrates the use of the logical ex-
pressions to change the value of a
variable.
You will be drawing with colons in
this program, which gives an interesting
effect, since a double row of dots is
printed when you move horizontally,
and a single row if you move vertically.
You can also move diagonally, and if
you go off the edge of the screen, the line
will continue from the opposite edge.
Figure 3.
Operator Conditional Conditional Result
Choice Expression
i Ie eer A NET aN i Cet OE aE AD «ER RCRD REED See EN A ERLE EAE IIS
AND A$ true A$
AND A$ false Mam
(empty string)
AND N true N
AND N false 0
OR N true 1
OR N false N
ee ee N
September/October 1983 © SYNC
The keys surrounding F on the keyboard
control the movement: T is for straight
up, V for diagonally down to the left,
and so on. Pressing G will stop the
program.
Line Notes
20,30: Set initial value of L (line num-
ber) and C (column number) so colon is
printed in screen center.
80,90: Change line and column num-
bers according to which key has been
pressed. The AND in the parenthetical
Statements operate as “if.” The ORs op-
erate in the basic manner.
100,110: Reset the line and column
numbers if the new values result in a
- A
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d. ocs nEn Ate | Z
PEHA COIA TA SS AU
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ane Ys E TRE
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number that would not be on the screen.
If L is — 1, adding 22 to it makes it 21,
and places the print position at the op-
posite edge of the screen; if L is 22,
subtracting 22 puts the print position at
Zero.
You should note that the diagonally
drawn lines result from L and C chang-
ing on the same loop. ma
Youre making a big
“Believe me —
mistake.”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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1K RAM
Memory Scrunching on the TS1000 and ZX81
James Grosjean
One of the most serious problems that
TS1000 users are faced with (and ZX81
users even more so) is the lack of memory
(RAM). Most commercial programs re-
quire a 16K RAM pack, and many printed
in newsletters and magazines require over
2K (or 1K for ZX81 people). Although
the package or listing calls for 16K, this
does not mean that the program is 16K
long. It just means that you must have
more RAM than your machine comes
with and 16K is the next increment.
If you do not intend to expand your
system RAM, the only solution is to short-
en programs which might fit then into
your RAM.
This article collects over thirty tips to
save memory. Some of them have ap-
peared in SYNC; hopefully some of them
are new to you. Some are simple, obvious
hints, while others require some clever
programming. When dealing with 2K (or
less) every byte counts!
You can calculate the bytes in the
various lines as follows: Line numbers
take up two bytes no matter whether the
number is 1 or 9999. Between the line
number and the text of the line in the
computer’s memory are two bytes telling
the computer how long that line is from
the first byte of the text of the line up to
and including the end of line marker
(CHR$ 118). In the line itself all letters,
keywords, etc., typed by a single key-
stroke take up one byte except numbers.
Numbers take up six bytes plus the num-
ber of digits and one byte for the decimal
point if any. After the text of the line is an
end of line marker telling the computer
where the line ends. This marker takes
one byte.
James Grosjean, 50 Kings Rd., Chatham, NJ
07928.
80
A program may require the 16K RAM
pack, but that does not mean it uses 16K RAM.
Memory Scrunching Tips
1) REM statements
Eliminate REM statements and include
them in your documentation.
2) Game elements
Eliminate one or more game elements.
This might make the game fit into 2K.
3) Restart mechanisms ;
Omit restart mechanisms completely.
E.g., “Do you want to play again? Y or
N?
4) STOP statements
If the last program line is a STOP
statement, delete it. The program will
stop anyway only with a different error
code.
5) Keywords and tokens
Use keyword and token expressions.
When entering a line such as:
10 REM TO RUN USE GOTO 100
use the keywords for the words TO, RUN,
and GOTO. This line is entered by typing
exactly: 10, E (REM), SHIFT 4 (TO),
SHIFT 3 (THEN), R (RUN), SHIFT 5
(BACKSPACE), SHIFT 0 (DELETE
THEN), SHIFT 8, U, S, E, SHIFT 3
(THEN), G (GOTO), SHIFT 5 (BACK-
SPACE), SHIFT 0 (DELETE THEN),
SHIFT 8, 1, 0, 0, ENTER. Do this several
times to get used to it. If necessary, re-
word prompts to allow for this technique.
6) PRINT statements
Shorten or eliminate PRINT state-
ments, and include the information in
your documentation in a notebook for
programs. For example, replace A with
B.
A: 10 PRINT “DATE OF BIRTH?”
B: 10 PRINT “BIRTHDATE?” or
“BORN?”
7) Commas
When lining up PRINT lines, use com-
mas or hyphens instead of spaces. For
example, replace A with B or C.
A:
8) PRINT AT's
Combine PRINT AT’s into one line.
For example, replace
10 PRINT AT 2,14;“HI”
20 PRINT AT 5,12;“THERE,”
30 PRINT AT 8,12;“SALLY”
with
10 PRINT AT 2,14;“HI”;AT 5,12;
“THERE,”:AT 8,12;“SALLY”
9) Combine lines
Rearrange programs to allow for a com-
bination of lines. This can change the
results of the program so be careful. For
example, replace
50 IF Y=9 THEN STOP
60 INPUT I$
70 IF I$=“YES” THEN STOP
80 GOTO 20
September/October 1983 © SYNC
with
50 INPUT I$
60 IF Y=9 OR I$=“YES” THEN
STOP
70 GOTO 20
Remember to change GOTOs and
GOSUBs to their new line numbers.
10) Parentheses
Eliminate unnecessary parentheses. For
example, replace A with B.
A: 10 LET I=(A*10)+(B*5)
B: 10 LET I=A*10+B*5
Because of the order of operations (refer
to manual) this will be evaluated
properly.
11) Conditional statements
In certain cases a condition can be
changed without changing the effect. For
example, replace A with B.
A: 10 IF Y=10 THEN PRINT “YOU
KILLED IT.”
B: 10 IF Y>9 THEN PRINT “YOU
KILLED IT.”
This saves one byte because 9 has only
one digit. However, if floating point num-
bers are utilized in the program, this tech-
nique may not work.
12) Variable names
Do not use words for variables. Replace
A with B.
A: 10 LET STRENGTH= 10
B: 10 LET S=10
Include variable descriptions in your doc-
umentation.
13) IF... THEN STOP
If a line contains a conditional jump to
a STOP statement, replace it with an
IF... THEN STOP statement. For example,
replace
100 IF Y < 10 THEN GOTO 400
400 STOP
with
100 IF Y <10 THEN STOP
14) Arrays
Do not set up an array with more ele-
ments than needed. If 54 elements are
required, use DIM A(54), not DIM A(60).
15) 0 in arrays
Eliminate statements which initially set
array elements to 0. For example,
10 DIM A(4)
20 LET A(1)=0
30 LET A(2)=1
40 LET A(3)=0
50 LET A(4)=9
Delete lines 20 and 40. After execution of
line 10 all elements are set to 0 auto-
matically.
16) CLEAR
Try to use the CLEAR command if
possible. CLEAR can sometimes save a
program just before it runs out of mem-
ory. CLEAR is one of the least used
commands in Basic.
17) GOTO/CLEAR
In very rare cases RUN can replace a
GOTO/CLEAR combination. For
example:
65 CLEAR
70 LET A=7
175 GOTO 65
Delete line 65 and change 175 to 175
RUN 70. Because RUN clears all vari-
ables, it can replace a CLEAR and a
GOTO.
18) One time variables
If a variable is only used once do not
assign the variable. For example, replace
10 LET D=INT (RND*10)+1
20 FOR I=1 TO D
30 PRINT “g’; (inverse space)
40 NEXT I
with
10 FOR I=1 TO INT (RND*10)+1
20 PRINT “m”; (inverse space)
30 NEXT I
This allows you to delete a line (with a
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slight lengthening of another) and not
assign an unneeded variable.
19) Reuse variables
Reuse variables. Once a variable has
been assigned it remains in memory, even
if it is not used again in the program
(unless RUN, CLEAR, or NEW is used).
Look at this program:
10 FOR X=1 TO 10
20 PRINT “ g
(10 inverse spaces)
30 NEXT X
40 LET D=INT (RND*10)+1
50 PRINT “YOUR STRENGTH IS
np
The variable X will take up memory until
RUN, CLEARed, or NEWed. Even
though no longer used, it occupies pre-
cious bytes of RAM. A better program
would be:
10 FOR X=1 TO 10
20 PRINT “ ar
(10 inverse spaces)
30 NEXT X
40 LET X=INT (RND*10)+1
50 PRINT “YOUR STRENGTH IS
got.
Now, instead of both X and D stored in
memory, only X is in memory.
20) Reuse variables without reassign-
ment
In certain cases a variable can be re-
used without being reassigned. For
example:
10 FOR X=1 TO 10
20 PRINT “ aS
(10 inverse spaces)
30 NEXT X
40 LET X=11
50 PRINT “YOU NOW HAVE ”;X;“
GOLD PIECES.”
Line 40 can be deleted. After completing
the loop X is already equal to 11. How-
ever, not many variables are initially set
to 11; ten is more likely. Thus:
21) FOR-NEXT variable range
Replace the previous example with:
10 FOR X=0 TO 9
20 PRINT “ z
(10 inverse spaces)
30 NEXT X
40 PRINT “YOU NOW HAVE ”;X;“
GOLD PIECES.”
After the loop X equals 10, which is easier
to work with than 11. This also saves
memory. The number of bytes needed to
store an integer equals the number of
digits plus six. In line 10, the use of 0 and
9 saves one byte in place of 1 and 10,
because 10 has two digits and 9 has one.
Compare:
Tip 21
0=1+6=7 bytes
9=1+6=7 bytes
for a total of 14.
Tip 20:
=1+6=7 bytes
10=2+6=8 bytes
for a total of 15.
22) Number substitutes
Because numbers require a minimum
of seven bytes of memory, too many num-
bers quickly fill up the RAM. Therefore,
replace line A with line B below.
A: 10 LET E=0
B: 10 LET E=NOT PI
0 requires 7 bytes; NOT PI uses 2 bytes.
Some other expressions for 0 are USR PI,
SIN PI, and TAN PI, each requiring two
bytes.
A: 10 LET E=1
B: 10 LET E=SGN PI
1 requires 7 bytes; SGN PI uses 2 bytes
A: 10 LET E=3
B: 10 LET E=INT PI
3 requires 7 bytes; INT PI uses 2 bytes
Some other expressions and their equiv-
alents are:
COS PI = -1
PEEK PI = 255
PEEK NOT PI = 211
PEEK SGN PI = 253
PEEK PEEK PI = 135
LEN STR$ PI = 9
CODE STR$ PI = 31
This list is by no means complete.
For any other numbers use VAL (see
tips 23 and 24 for exceptions) as shown in
B below to replace A.
A: 10 LET E=2
B: 10 LET E=VAL “2”
A: 10 LET E=327
B: 10 LET E=VAL “327”
In each case the use of VAL saves three
bytes. Note:
2 = 7 bytes
VAL “2” = 4 bytes
I have yet to find a better expression to
replace VAL “2”.
327 = 9 bytes
VAL “327” = 6 bytes
This tip is used not just in assigning
variables. One of the above methods can
be used to substitute for a number any-
where a number is used.
However, do not put VAL around each
number in an expression:
10 LET E=(INT (RND*VAL
“10”)+ VAL “5”)*VAL “100”
Instead put VAL around the entire ex-
pression:
10 LET E=VAL “(INT (RND*10)+5)
*100)”
This way you get the most out of VAL.
Remember, though, that extensive use
of VAL, NOT PI, etc., can slow down a
program tremendously, but that is the
sacrifice for memory saving.
23) VAL exception _
An exception to the use of VAL is
sometimes encountered:
10 FOR X=NOT PI TO VAL “20”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
VAL “20” uses five bytes. If this line is
replaced with:
10 FOR X=NOT PI TO EXP INT PI
two bytes may be saved. EXP INT PI
uses only three bytes. Although EXP INT
PI = 20.085537, this is rounded to 20
when used in combination with FOR. This
means that in the revised program in tip
18, the INT in line 10 may be deleted.
EXP PI could substitute for the number
23 using the same method.
24) Variable instead of VAL
Another exception is when a single
number is used many times. Assign a
variable to it instead of using VAL. For
example, replace
20 IF I> 10 THEN GOTO 80
22 INPUT I$
24 IF I$=“FIGHT” THEN GOTO 80
26 IF A >80 THEN GOTO 6400
28 LET U=B+80
30 IF U/T > 80 THEN GOTO 251
with
10 LET Y=80
20 IF I >10 THEN GOTO Y
22 INPUT I$
24 IF I$=“FIGHT” THEN GOTO Y
26 IF A> Y THEN GOTO Y*Y
28 LET U=Bt+Y
30 IF U/T > Y THEN GOTO Y*PI
LODAB Ek
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a memory chart of the BASIC
program area. LODAB will oc-
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25) Strings in PRINTs
Similarly, if the same set of characters
must be PRINTed several times, assign a
string variable to those characters and
PRINT that string. Keep in mind that it
takes up memory to assign the variable as
well as to keep the variable in the variable
storage of the computer. So use this
method only when the string must be
PRINTed enough times to make it worth-
while.
26) Destination changes
Change GOTO (or GOSUB) des-
tinations. For example:
10 GOTO 100
100 PRINT
DRAGON”
“YOU FACE A
Line 10 can be changed to 10 GOTO 99
and take advantage of a characteristic of
the TS1000, namely, that, if the GOTO
or GOSUB destination line does not exist,
the computer skips over it and goes to the
next line. Thus in the example above, the
computer, finding no line 99, will go on to
100. This saves one byte since 99 has two
digits, not three.
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27) Calculated destinations
The following is often seen in a pro-
gram:
100 IF I=1 THEN GOTO 1000
110 IF I=2 THEN GOTO 2000
120 IF I=3 THEN GOTO 3000
130 IF I=4 THEN GOTO 4000
This can be replaced with a calculated
GO TO. For example:
100 GOTO I*1000
If your program is not numbered to
allow a calculated GOTO, renumber it,
or:
28) Logical destinations
Use a bit of logic. For example, the
following lines:
10 IF I=1 THEN GOTO 100
20 IF I=2 THEN GOTO 219
30 IF 1=3 THEN GOTO 235
40 IF I=4 THEN GOTO 900
can be replaced by:
10 GOTO (I= 1)*100+ (I=2)*219+(I
=3)*235+ (I=4)*900
Of course, we could use VAL around that
expression.
10 GOTO VAL “(I= 1)*100+(I=2)*
219+ ([=3)*235+ (I=4)*900”
29) Logical combinations
Use logic to combine statements. For a
detailed discussion of the logical oper-
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ators and techniques see Sharon Aker’s
article in this issue.
30) Replacements
Replace A with B:
A: 10 IF Y=0 THEN...
B: 10 IF NOT Y THEN...
A: 10 IF Y <> 0 THEN...
B: 10 IF Y THEN...
31) Shortened restarts
This is a very impressive tip. Many
games have a restart mechanism. For
example:
810 PRINT
(Y/N)”
820 INPUT A$
830 IF A$=“Y” THEN RUN
This can be shortened, but a few simple
adjustments are needed:
Change 820 to 820 INPUT A
Change 830 to 830 RUN
and make sure one of the program’s vari-
ables is Y and none are N. Then, if “Y” is
entered in response to the prompt in line
810, the computer will accept that as a
legitimate response (because of the ex-
pression evaluator) and continue to line
830, where the program will be RUN. If
“N” is entered, the computer will stop
with an error code 2/820. This is what
your final program would look like:
“ANOTHER GAME?
10 LET Y=10
810 PRINT “ANOTHER GAME?
(Y/N)”
820 INPUT A
830 RUN
Do not add a line in assigning the variable
Y. Change one of the other variables in
the program to Y. It is presumed that line
July/Aug 1983 Sync-
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Oct 1982 Syntax-
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READ THE
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10 above had previously used a different
variable such as 10 LET A=10.
32) False saving
There is one technique which some
programmers use in an attempt to save
memory, but it actually wastes memory
instead. Lines such as these:
10 PRINT “YOU HAVE NO
STRENGTH”
20 PRINT
are replaced with
10 PRINT “YOU HAVE NO
STRENGTH”,,
and then line 20 is deleted. This appears
to save 4 bytes. Actually it wastes mem-
ory. The PRINT statement puts an end of
line marker into the display file. There-
fore a blank line on the screen takes up
one byte when created by a PRINT used
by itself as in line 20. When a comma is
used, the computer fills the display file
with spaces until the proper print position
is attained. So it is better to have a
slightly longer program than a much larg-
er display file.
When all these tips are used, a program
can often be reduced by as much as 50
percent. Note that in many of the above
examples the revised program lines can
be shortened even more by using some of
the other tips in this article, but that would
make the examples confusing.
Speed Tips
Along with the problem of memory,
TS1000 and ZX81 users often complain
about speed. Here are a few tips to in-
crease the speed of a program:
1) Unnecessary calculations
Eliminate unnecessary calculations.
VAL, NOT PI, and other memory savers
slow down the program. Replace A with
B.
A: 10 LET U=Y*20/4*X
B: 10 LET U=Y*5*X
2) Unnecessary lines
Delete unnecessary lines, e.g., REMs.
3) Eliminate GOTOs
Rearrange the program to eliminate as
many GOTOs as possible.
4) Subroutines up front
Subroutines used often should be lo-
cated as near the beginning of the pro-
gram as possible. When the computer
comes across a GOTO or GOSUB, it
searches for its destination line from the
beginning of the program.
5) Redundant GOTOs
In situations like this:
30 GOTO 180
180 GOTO 90
Change 30 to 30 GOTO 90.
6) Arrangement of variables
Assign the variables that are used the
most first. When the computer comes
across a variable, it searches through its
variable area from the beginning to the
end. Variables are stored in the order
that they are assigned.
As a general rule, speed is often given
up for memory saving and vice versa,
unless machine language is used. Machine
language is FAST and short.
This collection of memory saving tips
is by no means complete. If you can add
to the collection, send your tip to SYNC.
Be sure to give examples. Fa
THE ANALOG INTERFACE FOR
sinclair
VOTEM is a complete package of hardware and software to enable
your computer to measure, display and record voltage and temper-
ature. Use your computer to monitor any physical phenomenon (pressure,
light, temperature, etc.) that can be represented by a DC voltage. A
probe is provided for temperature measurements. Use VOTEM as a
“smart” voltmeter/thermometer with storage.
VOTEM also amplifies and cleans up the tape signal to help you
overcome LOADing problems experienced by many TS1000 owners.
. * Connects to tape input of TS-1000/ZX81/80
* Requires no modifications to computer
* Easily adapted to other computer systems
* Operate with 1K or more memory
— Resolution: > 14-bit: 0.00005V: 0.02° F: 50ppm
—Input Range: O to +1 Volts (easily expanded)
—Documentation: 35p manual available separately
—Price: $59.95/Assembled & Tested or $39.95/kit
—Warranty: 15-day unconditional (A&T units only)
Issue #1 of
Timex Sinclair User- “™&
"The manual is extremely™
comprehensive..."
Down East Computers P.O. Box 3096
CIRCLE 25 ON READER SERVICE CARD
84 September/October 1983 © SYNC
} $39.95 (Kit)
$59.95 (A & T)
Send check or money order plus $3 shipping (US currency)
Manual alone: $5pp (applied to first purchase).
Write for a FREE detailed product desciption.
Greenville, N.C. 27834
THE ZX
COMPILER
generates a machine code program from one written in
an integer subset of Timex/Sinclar Basic
machine code may reside anywhere in memory
commands/functions -256 variables (two letter)
DIM RANO -26 single DIM arrays
FOR/NEXT CLS
LET COPY eat
IF/ THEN SCROLL Bae aii
GOTO ANO, OR
GOSUB/RETURN NOT -PRINT & INPUT in
LPRINT ee -modutus function
PLOT/UNPLOT ue
POK
acta PEEK -hi and lo memory
FAST INKEY$ versions
SLOW MOG (28-32k & 12-16k)
PAUSE AT å TAB
ion: “se
THE ZX
ASSEMBLER & DISASSEMBLER
newly revised, one 4k program does all this:
code in REM statements
- generates hex or decimal disassemblies to screen or
printer
- allows hex or decimal editing of memory
e binary SAVE and LOAD files
- generates a REM statement of any size
- supplied in two versions, as compiler
both versions $ 20.00
on one cassette
\ |
NÉ SOFTWARE ON EPROM
one 2764, half blown, for cartridge below
ZX COMPILER $30.00
ZX ASSEMBLER/DISASSEMBLER $25.00
for one 2732A or two 2716-1's, add $5.00
EPROM CARTRIDGE KIT
instructions THE 2X Kit $18.00
SERIAL PRINTER INTERFACE
plans and isting
listings. One connection within case.
$ 5.00
CINAGRO SOFTWARE
(formerly Bob th et
155 Seventh St.
Rochester, N.Y. 14609
all prices include shipping * NYS residents
add 7% tax
CIRCLE 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD
- assembles standard mnemonics to machine code, source
plug-in, uncased board holds one 2716, 2732, or 2764 map-
ped 0-16k, jumper selectable, kit includes board, decoder
chip, 28 pin socket, ZX connector, tailpiece, small parts, and
RS-232 ASC Il output thru MIC port. hardware cost about
$10—280 bytes of machine code prints, characters, strings &
COMPUSETTE
TAPEMASTERS PREMIUM CASSETTE FOR MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS
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CIRCLE 70 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Introduction
The Z80 microprocessor is the brain
of your Sinclair computer. By itself,
however, it is not very smart. It has no
capacity to understand commands like
PRINT and LET. When you use these
commands, you are not directly telling
the Z80 what to do. What the com-
mands do is give instructions to the
interpreter. The interpreter is itself a
computer program and is located in
memory locations 0 to 8191. It is written
in a language the Z80 can understand
called “machine language” or “machine
code.” This language consists of num-
bers between 0 and 255. A table of these
numbers and their mnemonics can be
found in the Basic manual. A mnemonic
is a label assigned to each machine code
that more or less describes what it does.
We can write our own machine code
programs, but it is not an easy process.
The main advantage to writing them is
that they execute very fast. They also do
not take up much memory and some-
times are more flexible than Basic. The
three Basic commands that deal with
machine code are PEEK, POKE, and
USR. PEEK allows you to examine a
memory location and POKE allows you
to change it. The USR routine tells the
Z80 to start executing machine code at a
particular location. Before you can use
the POKE command to put numbers
into memory you must first reserve an
area for them. The Basic manual gives a
detailed discussion of how to do this.
Presented below in Figure 1 are four
machine code routines which imitate
features that are standard on more
expensive computers and that will ex-
tend your 8K ROM by adding new com-
mands.
John Richard Coffey, PO Box 448, Scottsburg, IN
47170.
86
Extensions to Basic Jonn Richard Coffey
Figure 1. Summary of new routines.
The Routines
COMMAND
10 RAND USR IV
DESCRIPTION
Convert every character on screen to its
inverse.
10 PRINT USR FM
10 GOTO Z
10 REM 10.3, SIN A,
Print how many free bytes are in memory.
Create an inverse program listing.
These are two pseudo-DATA statements.
They can be placed anywhere in your
500 REM ABE, IKE
program. Each entry can be numeric or
string and is followed by a comma.
10 RAND USR RS
Perform the RESTORE command. This
must be used before any data is read. It can
also be used to read data more than once.
10 LET A$=”""
20 RAND USR RD
30 LET A=VAL A$
Use Listing 1 to enter the machine
code listed in Figures 2 through 5. Ver-
ify your articles with both the addresses
and the checksums printed by the pro-
gram. If you make a mistake, simply
press to enter to erase the last entry. 1K
users will have to use CONT when
screen overflow causes the program to
stop. After you type the last number, the
program should stop. You should then
delete all the lines of the program except
the first by typing in the line number
and ENTER.
With the one line still in memory,
type and RUN Listing 2. It will save
itself to tape, so prepare your recorder in
advance. After the SAVE, press EN-
TER. The screen will flicker for a mo-
ment and Listing 2 will be gone. The
machine code, however, will have been
relocated to the top of whatever memory
size you have.
READ the next data entry. Omit line 30 if
you are reading a string.
Listing 1. Machine Language Loader.
REM £#E FEE KHE HEHEHE E ESE KER EK ES
HFREKREEREEEEFEEEFHEE HEF EFEEEEEREE ES
FEFFHEEEEEESPEEEEEEEEE EEE EEFEREE ES
HEEHKEEEKREREE EEK EEE REE FEEEEEEEEE=
SHEHEKEKREHEEREFEHEEEHP EHP EEERERE
i@ LE net Alan “16514”
40 INPUT A$
50 IF LEN A$ THEN GOTO VAL “Is
6@ LET A=R-SGN PI
70 IF A:(VAL "16514"
80 LET S=E6-FPEEK A
90 20
THEN GOT?
+ $
110 LET B=B+PEEK A
128 PRINT TAE i8:8#: TARE 26:6
LET A=A+4+SEN P
14@ IF A<=16661 THEN GOTO 26
Listing 3 demonstrates the use of the
various commands. It also declares the
variables RS, RD, IV, FM, and Z. Note
that Z is read from a REM statement.
Start your recorder before running List-
ing 3, because it will also SAVE itself
to tape. Afterwards you may want to de-
lete all the lines except the last two, and
September/October 1983 © SYNC
~
Write your own USR routines and give your 8K ROM
Basic the commands of the expensive machines.
SAVE result. If you have not used NEW
or CLEAR, then the variables will go to
tape also.
The procedure for LOADING the
new commands is simple: LOAD List-
ing 2. Press ENTER. LOAD Listing
3 or its shortened version described
above. Caution: This short version will
only work if you are using the same
memory configuration you were using
before the SAVE. It is a good idea to
hold onto all of Listing 3 in case you
need it.
Practical Uses
If you have a long print out and little
memory, you will probably get an error
“4” due to screen overflow. This can be
prevented with a line such as the
following:
50 IF USR FM < 100 THEN CLS
This will let you avoid having to type
“CONT” to get your program going
again. It might be a little annoying, how-
ever, if the screen clears without your
having a chance to read it. So, perhaps
$15
Software Only
High Resolution Graphics
EEE TT EL TL CNET EE ETE NE IIE GT TET IOE
ZX81/TS1000 8K rom; 16K ram
KReK KR KAKA KH KK KA KR KKK KR KR KK KL KLE
THE SW-HI-RES PACKAGE GIVES YOU CONTROL
OVER YOUR SCREEN AS NEVER BEFORE !!!!!!
koko KKK KL KL KR
-Now you can have HI-RES graphics on
your TV WITHOUT ANY HARDWARE CHANGES.
-Create your own character/symbol set
(Lower Case, bombs, invaders, etc...)
wACCeSS to alr 174x 255 pixels,
-Easy to use; access is similar to BASIC
PLOT and PRINT.
-Includes 10 users friendly utilities:
PLOT, UNPLOT, PRINT, PRINTC, DRAW, CLS,
SCROL-UP,-DOWN,-LEFT,-RIGHT.
-In addition to the SW-HI-RES package
you will get the BASIC program used to
generate the above TV picture.
TO ORDER SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
N. Elmaleh (SW-HI-RES)
RN 5100 Highbridge Street 53D
Fayetteville, N.Y. 13066
September/October 1983 © SYNC
the following two lines would be better:
50 IF USR FM < 100 THEN PAUSE
40000
60 IF USR FM < 100 THEN CLS
This stops the program until you have
had a chance to read the screen. Pressing
any key will get it going again and will
also clear the screen. Which version you
use depends upon your application.
You can use the instant inverse rou-
tine to create some interesting visual ef-
Listing 2.
1@ SAVE “2"
20 LET A=VAL “PEEK 16286+2a568 <>
ZEK 16369"
30 INPUT B
sa LET +5
70 CET C=UAL “
z 4
130 LET E=VAL “INT (8-256) "
1480 LET D=B8B-E x256
150 POKE CD
150 POKE C+S6GN PILE
378 RETURN
fects. Listing 4 is a good attention
catcher and would be useful in a shop
window or in an exhibit at a computer
TECHNI-STOCK SOFTWARE SYSTEM
HIGH PERFORMANCE SOFTWARE
for your ZX81/TS1009
6 reasons why TECHNI-STOCK SOFTWARE SYSTEM out
performs all other Technical Stock Analysis Programs.
1) Detailed price-volume charts on Logarithmic Grid
2) Sophisticated Statistical Analysis with Stock and Market
comparisons
3) Technical evaluations based on risk, return, moving aver-
ages and price momentum indicators
-4) Handsome binder with detailed instruction guide and
evaluation manual
5) Personalized Stock Data worksheets for your favorite 6
stocks and a market average
6) Unique system for preserving analysis evaluation in your
Techni-Stock binder
“for use with 16K or more
TO ORDER YOUR OWN TECHNI-STOCK SOFTWARE
SYSTEM just:
1. Fill in your name and address
2. Fill in the names of your favorite 6 stocks
3. Clip this coupon and mail to us
* Sorry no refund. However defective cassettes will be
replaced.
GENTLEMEN, PLEASE RUSH ME YOUR TECHNI-STOCK
SOFTWARE SYSTEM for only $24.95 plus $3.00 shipping
and handling TO:
ENCLOSED ISA O CHECK - ORJUST CHARGE MY:
O VIS O MASTERCARD
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fair. The first two lines create a col-
lapsed display file and should be used
only if you are using an expansion mem-
ory. Listing 5 shows how to create a full
display (2K version). Listing 6 is a 1K
version of the same thing.
On the television set that I use, inverse
characters are much easier to read than
normal ones. This is why I have in-
cluded a “GOTO Z” feature. For me it
is the only way I can read my programs.
Not everyone will have this problem, but
I am sure there are a few who do.
Listing 3.
2 SAS: ° a"
Ia LEF RS=VRL “PEER 2 ARBe2Se =
PREK 2638"
28 LEF RO=RS4+4e
SO LEFT FM=R5+72
$2 LEF I =Rä+24
Se REM COMMANDS LIOR
SB RD , ANE GOTO 7,8228,
Sa PRINT usr FM
7@ RAND USR QA
Fc ae eh, Me o-Ps Ee |
aa LEF ngs”
S@ RAND USR RE
2388 IF Lid FHEN PRINT AS
1@S NEXT L
230 LEF 2Z=VUAL AS
LIST
29399 RAND USR IV
FM Iu
If you have to do any kind of record
keeping, then the restore and read
routines should be helpful. You can use
EASY EYE FILTER
‘““SEE”’
“THE DIFFERENCE’’
Unique Amber TV/Monitor Screen
Filter Yields Maximum Contrast!/
Comfort Superior to B/W-Green
EZ to Trim with Fasteners
10’’x12”’ Kit/Doc $14.95PP
DECK CALIBRATOR
A Lab Quality Tape of Precise
Frequency/Pulses Check and
Calibrate Capstan Speed
to 0.1 percent
Align Head Azimuth
Load/Save Problems Are Being
Caused by OEM’s of Tape Decks
Factory Errors to 6 percent
Ever Buy a ‘‘No Load Tape’’?
Chances Are Their Speed and
Azimuth Errors Added To Yours
'! Fix Your’s !!
Lab Tape DOC $9.95 P.PD.
KOTE JACK
Prevent Crashes Due To
Fungus and Oxidation
Field Proven for 20 years
A Must for Computer Users
1/2 oz. Kit $6.95 PP
ARTISAN ELECTRONICS
Box 6631
Portsmouth, Va. 23703
the REM statements to store important
telephone numbers, dates, appointments,
birthdays, etc. They could also hold in-
ventories, screen coordinates for plot-
ting, machine code, or words like
“CAT” and “DOG” for a computer ver-
sion of “Hangman.”
Listing 7 is an example of a computer
Figure 2. Restore and READ String Routines.
Assembly Listing Address EAA Code Checksum
RESTORE LD HL, 16634 16514 3S wt) 64 347
FIND LD A,CODE "REM" 16517 62 Da 643
LD BC, 465536 16529 ee | 29 1154
CPIR 16522 LOR a tT 1568
CD- BE. 1652 1 a © 1574
AND A 16527 167 1741
SBC HL. BC 16528 237 64 2044
LD A,118 16530 62° TLB 2224
CP CHL) 16532 190 2414
JR Z., BELOW 16533 40 rs 2459
ADD HL., BC 16535 9 2468
STASH I.D (16507), HL. 16536 = 123 64 2689
RET 16539 201 2890
BELOW ADD HL.. BC 16540 9 2899
JR FIND 14541 24 230 ie
READ
CHARACTER LD HL, (16507) 16543 42 123 64 ome
LD A,118 163546 2 118 TIOL
GEST CARY 16548 190 37592
CALL Z, FIND 16549 204 AA 64 4053
LD A, (HL) 16552 126 4179
INC HL. 1463553 ow 214
JR STASH 16554 24 236 4474
READ
STRING CD | Wg ¢ | 16556 42 20 64 4600
DEC - AK 16559 a 4643
PUSH HL 164560 229 4872
DEC Hi 16561 43 4915
DEC 16562 43 4938
EX (SF) TAL 16563 Fae ae | 3185
L_OOF PUSH: HL. 16564 229 3414
CALL READ
CHARACTER 16565 Zuo. 159 64 3842
FOF HL. 16568 DA 6067
CD7B WS ery 16569 & z6 6099
CRS 16571 184 S283
COMA DONE JR Z, DONE 16572 40 15 6336
LD (HL). A 16574 EES 6435
INC HL. 16573 a 6490
INC LENS. EX (SP) HL 16576 ae GTZ
INC (HL) 16377 SP 6769
JR NZ. NO CARRY 16578 ae S 6804
INC- HL 16580 ao 6829
INC ¢HL.) 164581 we 689 1
DEC HL 16582 43 6934
NO CARRY EX (SF). HL 16383 27 7161
DQ MORE AND A 16584 167 TAL
JR NC. LOOF 16385 48 233 7409
DONE EX (SP), nHL 16587 227 7836
FOF HL 16588 225 BO61
NOF 16589 ©) 806i
JF ROM 16590 19S... 257 20 84233
Figure 3. FREE MEMORY Routine.
Assembly Listing Address Machine Code Checksum
FREE MEM LD HL, ‘(STKEEND) 16593 42 ag 64 8567
HS 3 se 14596 68 8635
EDA et 16397 LF 8712
Se 8 ie = | SS 1609C Ra Q i) 8745
ADD HL, SF 16601 EA ggo
CF OA 14602 A BS a795
SBE- HE BC 16603 DA 66 9296
LEDER: | 16605 43 9264
EDC al 16606 ae 9441
RET 16607 et 9642
88
telephone directory that runs in 1K. The
other ideas mentioned above I will leave
as exercises for interested programmers.
Feel free to substitute other phone num-
bers in line 10. This same program can
be used to store other kinds of data
where one item is directly related to an-
other. An English to Spanish translator
would be an example.
Listing 8 will graph any function you
give it. First, you must input the func-
tion in terms of X. For example, if you
wanted to graph (f(X) = 4X?+3X-+2)
then you would input 4*X*X+3*X +2.
Then you have to input the lower and
upper limits on X. If you were plotting a
sine curve, for example, you would prob-
ably want to use limits of zero and two
pi. The nice thing about this program is
that the vertical limits are calculated
automatically. This makes function plot-
ting quite a bit easier.
Stored on REM statements are some
functions you can select instead of your
own. Each function is followed by its
Listing 4.
1 SAVE “LIST ING 4“
NT “LISTI ee
FIRST TWO LINES One WITH XPANS
` RPHICS KEYS Ii
LINE SQ: S974 TVSTSSESSE4UE4 26 IVT
‘$"LLIsT 210
a LPRINT “ SLON “.." GOTO G`
es STO
ge 16363 .6&6
PRINT 4 AT URL T Ua “a's we
` vin VAL “g”
j+ is a ar URL “Gas URL
“at $ $“
‘Le =sNOT_ Pi TQ CODE “+"
UNPLOT 2+2. Z
55 UNPLOT z+zt SGN PI.CODE “F~
ES NENT =
63 RAND bse IR
TO GOTO CODE “IY
Listing 5.
SAVE “LISTING 57
RINT “LISTING 57,,3;2
30 SLOW
40 RAND USR IU
So FOR AI Tū a38
NE.
Fa cofa ei
Listing 6.
1 SRVE “LISTING Er
= LPRINT “LISTING Ean,
tLLIsST 14
Le * Stow “rar Gata a”
5 Stor
20 FOR Z=NOT FI TG CODE “ ate
28 PRINT Tee CODE “FU
NENT
10 RAND USR IV
So GOTO Code “VAY
Listing 7.
SAVE “LISTING 7“
rE G “LISTING E aAa
1
2
3 @
= LP “ eTO a`
@
STG
10 REM JOHN, 752-5106 .MIKE, 752-
SSFS, CRUMP, £95 -k 503.
20 PRINT “ INPUT NAHE”
3@ INPUT AS
42 LET BES: RS
SR RD
79 IF E$="bATA OUT" THEN GOTO
Sa LET Czn“
30 RAND VSR RD
130 IF BELAS THEN GOTO VAL “So
110 PRINT C
$
120 GOTO VAL “se
130 REM DATA OUT.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Figure 4. INSTANT REVERSE Routine.
Assembly Listing Address Machine Code Checksum
TV hn) Hi ODF ICE) 14408 4% i éq 9760
LD R,H 16411 6&8 i
PIE hee ol 16612 rar 9908
LDD oF 164413 La rol a f 9986
SLA D 16615 DEA z4 TOZZS
LOOF LCDSHL (VARS) 14617 42 14 64 LOB45
LD A, CBO) 14420 1 LOBSS
CPD 16621 186 LOS44
JR Z AGAIN 16622 AD BA LORE 4
ADD A, 123 14424 198 128 10910
LD (BC), À 16626 pe LO9is
AGAIN INC BC L6627 ei 10915
CF A 16628 191 11106
SEC ML, BC 164629 Zool fe 11409
JR NZ LOGE 16631 er 28) 11681
RETF 16433 omi 11882
—_—_— eo eee
Figure 5. RELOCATION Routine.
The RPNZL™ SEEDER TE gives
you the key to transcend the barriers of
speed and control!
15-20 times faster than Sinclair BASIC
eSave data, screen and program files with Verify
and Directory at 3000 bps
eProgrammable keys Full printer support
e Easy, structured, FORTH-like syntax compiles to
compact pseudocode modules
¢Complete System includes Language tape with
resident Monitor, Editor/Compiler, Linker, and full
documentation
eRun applications below or create more
RPNZL System TS1000(16K)/1500 $29.95
none of the prompt messages will appear
after the first graph. Prompt messages
also do not appear on the 1K version de-
scribed above.
I hope that these routines and pro-
grams are of use to you. If you have
other ideas on how to extend the
capabilities of this little computer in this
way, drop a line to SYNC.
lower and upper limit. If you only have
1K RAM then you will not be able to
use this feature. If this is the case, then
enter the program without the USR
routines in memory and omit lines 10,
20, 25, 35, 45, 80, 230, 300, and every
line above 300.
You cannot plot more than one func-
tion on the screen at the same time, but
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Assembly Listing Address Machine Code Checksum RPNZL Applications (require system above)
RELOCATE LD HL. (RAMTOF) 14634 4a 4 64 11992 : ‘
LD BC,-120 16637 1 136 255 12384 CHARTMAK (Pie, bar, line) 9.95
ADD HL. EC 16640 9 12393 TURTLART (like LOGO) 9.95
FUSH HL 14441 I 1262? SCHEDULE (appointments & reminders) 7.95
FUSH HL 16642 229 128514 MOUNTAIN RAIDER (fast & furious) 5.95
ZX nA z a0) ,
EXX $ 16464 l ” 15 68 Add $.50/tape p&h. CA residents add sales tax.
FOF RC 16644 yD 13261
LS = = p FREE catalog on request.
LD HL, 16514 1466464 eo Lo 64 13705
FOF DE 16649 209 13914 141A Dore Street,
LD BC, 120 16650 4 20) © 14035 San Francisco, CA 94103
LDIR 14453 BEI VIG 14449 (415) 552-1415
EXX 16655 ead 14465
DECKE 16656 2 14676
QUT 2535.6 146657 On ie ers 5 15140
JF NEW 14659 E95. 20S 2 1535341
TO JV NOVY SZ unl
GOs 0 =o Dao
| oo T -<
Listing 8. a 23 E A oara S m
Ita A Se
SFSZYVVTHUPLDCTCHVyp = Be
1 SAVE “LISTING 8“ 236 GOSUB VAL “460" elPDADASAVCSH = of) oO
2 LPRINT “LISTING “uaua 243 G AL “se QaFROR KZ OM ® po
3 LLIST 10 S00 RAND USR RS FATATOVFOAA n
4 LPRINT “ GOTO @" S10 FOR A=VAL “-2" TO VAL “10` SR ee Sa Oa ee
5 STOP 320 FOR B=NOT PI TO VAL “24“ ET 2973 OU z220
10 LET F=5G P VAL “a“ O ' NDORO
20 GOSUB CODE * 330 LET Ag="" ee eee DLS Z ad
25 IF F THEN PRINT “FUNCTION” 340 IF B OR ACNOT PI THEN RAND 33 Voor gpA
38 INPUT_A USR R o< č ~ama3e8om
35 IF F THEN PRINT “LOWER LIMI 35@ IF NOT B AND A>-SGN PI THEN = ao O@ 0.5 ps Cl
VSA LET A=STRE A n O SHAg, 32O
au Pir Sa S60 PRINT TAB Bi AS. vz 33058821S O
„45 IF F THEN PRINT “UPPER LIMI 368 REST R Q A ge E wd
r S@ INPUT A 390 REM zz, SELECT. OPTION, €£#,.6 yee 7 s =~n2 S 5 O O
ae CET Kas PTION.FN.RANGE,, INPUT ,YOÜR,OÙN BVs vÅ 4289 oy
78 FAST _ FN, BOQ #5277248 900
0 IF F THEN CLS RE gah ih, wie To" VFG520™®%
85 LET F=NOT PI 429 IF NOT B THEN RETURN ec OF Oot 2as a.
9@ LET DX=(A-X) CODE “z" oie Bee VDT -RS k x WOS i. -HDvos+20G%)
148 LET L=H Ppa RE a bop 2ASP5G4252.2
120 FOR I=NOT PI TO CODE “z" iat se ne Aree ee ae ee rT
aso IF H<VAL AS THEN LET H=VAL 450 FOR R=-SGN PI TO SGN PI A r > SSA eu 5 0 z w s
140 IF LOUAL AG THEN LET L=VAL S@@ RAND USR RD lao Go > © Ns © = zRo f
AS S19 IF AcNOT PI THEN LET A$=6$ ver: Sol ener 8 732
150 LET X=<+4Dx 520 NOT A THEN LET X=VAL BE Baz JAD Noa 3
1650 NEXT I S30 NEXT OR 3 her tp > PT a E >
17O LET XN=K 540 LET A=VAL mao a<359< S28
158 S S50 GOTO VAL “6e" O z=- So 6 Saree
190 FOR I=NOT PI TO CODE “Z“ 1800 REM SIN X,.@,22PI.COS X,@,2 com Saas xXnOlag®
280 PLOT I UAL “45"e2 (URAL AE-L? ~ PI TAN X.-2,.2,5IN X4SIN (22x) 452 qa Qa59° 935 g amawa
CH-L N SEX? pA APL ASN Xa +2. l.iN X.. -5 POR ea >
218 LET x=xX+Dx 3+2.7,EXP X.-1,1,ABS (X-INT X-.5 =: SoS oM~anrse
220 NEXT I } 23@,3;, LeX eL.2 EXP — {X EX} -2.2 Q) iw] A r (dp) p a (92) ~N Oo ax D
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89
2K RAM
Quick- draw ! Harry Doakes
More than two years ago, Sinclair an-
nounced that the 4K ROM of the ZX80
would be expanded to an 8K ROM and
that one of the new commands would be
DRAW. DRAW was just what it sounded
like—a command to draw a line on the
TV screen.
But DRAW never came to be. Even an
8K ROM has only so much room, and
DRAW would not quite fit. There is a
routine to do the same thing in the ZX81
and TS1000 manuals—but it is in Basic,
and it is slow.
If you have been following this series
of articles on programming in machine
code, you have already learned how to
translate many Basic commands into ma-
chine code. This time, we will look at two
new instructions, and then see how they
can be used in the machine code trans-
lation of that line-drawing routine. We
will also look at numbers in base 16—the
mysterious “hex” numbers—and see why
they are handy for machine code pro-
gramming.
Negative Thinking
You already know that each regular
register in the Z80 microprocessor, like
each byte of memory, can hold any num-
ber between 0 and 255. Sometimes,
though, we want to keep track of a nega-
tive number—a number that is less than
zero.
Fortunately, there is an easy way to do
it. Suppose register A contains the num-
ber 255—the highest number it can hold.
Now suppose the next instruction in the
Z80 program is
INCA
In Basic, this would be
LET A=A+1
Harry Doakes, PO Box 10860, Chicago, IL 60610.
90
Most machine code listings are in hex;
hex numbers save space each
has exactly two digits.
What is the number in register A now?
It is zero. When a register goes “over the
top,” it starts all over again at the bottom.
It is as if the register automatically sub-
tracts 256 if a number is too high. In
other words, when you are using a regular
register, 255 + 1 = 0
As you might guess, subtraction works
the same way. Once a register hits bottom,
it starts over again at the top. In this case,
it is as if the register automatically adds
256. Thus, 0 - 1 = 255. But that does not
help much —or does it?
It turns out that you really can use 255
instead of -1. Surprising as it sounds, all
the arithmetic works. Consider this
example:
14+ (-1)=13
Can we really replace -1 with 255? Here is
how it works:
14+255=269
Since 269 is higher than 255, the register
automatically subtracts 256:
14+255=269-256=13
The arithmetic does work—and that
can be a big advantage, as long as we
keep track of whether the value in a byte
or register is a regular number (between 0
and 255) or a negative number.
More Negative Thinking
Now that we have negative numbers,
we can use an instruction that makes a
number negative. The instruction
NEG
will take whatever value is in register A
and make it negative. The equivalent in
Basic might be
LET A=-A
That probably seems pretty straight-
forward —but there is a catch. Remember,
we have to keep track of which numbers
may be negative. For example, if the value
in register A is 1, NEG will change it to -1,
or 255. But, if the number in A is 255,
NEG will not make it -255. NEG assumes
255 really means -1, so it changes the
value to 1.
If this sounds complicated, here is a
simple rule: When you are using negative
numbers, figure that only the values from
0 to 127 are positive. The other values
are negative numbers—from -1 down to -
128. That way, you are not likely to lose
track of what is negative and what is not.
Great Divide
The Z80 processor can add and sub-
tract pretty well, but it has a tougher time
multiplying and dividing. It can do one
kind of division, though: it can divide by
2. (Maybe that does not seem so great—
but it is better than nothing at all.)
The instructions that divide by 2 are
called “shift” instructions. Here is why:
suppose you divide 142 by 10. The answer
is 14.2—which looks a lot like 142. The
difference is that the answer has been
shifted over one decimal place. The Z80
shift instructions do the same sort of thing,
but using base 2 instead of base 10. Divi-
ding by 2 shifts a number over one
“binary” place.
Fortunately, we do not have to worry
September/October 1983 © SYNC
much about what a “binary” place might
be. When you divide by 2, the answer is
the same in binary or in decimal.
There are two different divide-by-2 in-
structions—one for numbers you know
are positive (0 to 255) and one for num-
bers that might be negative (-128 to 127).
The first is the “shift to the right
logically” instruction, abbreviated SRL.
For this instruction, the Z80 assumes that
the value in the register is a positive
number and divides it by 2. For example,
suppose register B contains 15. After the
instruction
SRL B
register B will have the value 7— which is
the next whole number less than 15/2.
For numbers that might be negative,
you can use the “shift to the right arith-
metically” instruction. If B is -15, then
after
SRA B
This will equal -8, which is the next whole
number less than -15/2.
Notice that it is always the next number
lower, not closer to zero. It is exactly the
same as the INT function in 8K Basic,
though not the same as integer arithmetic
in 4K Basic.
Why is one kind of shift called “logi-
cally” and the other “arithmetically‘? It is
jargon, that is all—and it is only
mentioned here because those initials are
used in the abbreviations SRL and SRA.
You can use these “divide-by-2” in-
structions with any of the regular regis-
ters: A, B, C, D, E, H, or L. You can also
use register pair HL as a pointer, with the
instructions
SRL (HL)
and
SRA (HL)
Doubling Up
If you can “shift to the right” to divide,
can you “shift to the left” to multiply?
Certainly. If register D equals 45, then
after
SLA D
D will equal 90. The SLA instruction
works with all the regular registers, and
with positive or negative numbers. But
remember, you may get something you
do not expect if the result is outside the
right range.
Drawing the Line
Now let’s look at the routine that draws
a line. Listing 1 is a slightly modified
version of a program in the “Graphics”
chapter of the ZX81 or TS1000 manual.
It is designed to work as a subroutine
in Basic. To draw a line from one point
on the screen to another, you use LET
statements to make XSTART and
YSTART equal the starting coordinates
of the line, and XEND and YEND the
ending coordinates; then you simply
September/October 1983 © SYNC
We ŽăěListingl.
1000 LET U=XEND-XSTART
1010 LET M=ABS (U)
1020 LET X1=SGN(U)
1030 LET X2=X1
1040 LET V=YEND~YSTART
1050 LET N=ABS(Y)
1060 LET Y1i=SGN(¥V)
1070 LET Y2=¥1
1080 IF M>N THEN GOTO 1140
i090 LET U=N
1100 LET N=M
1110 LET M=U
1120 LET X2=0
1130 GOTO 1150
1140 LET Y2=0
1150 LET S=INT(M/2)
1160 FOR I=o TOM
1170 PRINT AT YSTART, XSTART; CHRS
(128):
1180 LET S=S+N
1190 LET X@=Xx2
1200 LET YO=¥2
1210 IF S<M THEN GOTO 1250
220 LET S=S-M
1230 LET xX@=xX1i
1240 LET YO=Yi1
1250 LET XSTART=XSTART+XK®
1260 LET YSTART=YSTART+YO
1270 NEXT I
1280 LET XSTART=XEND
1290 LET YSTART=YEND
1300 RETURN
GOSUB 1000. When it is finished drawing,
the old ending coordinates become the
new starting coordinates.
For example, to draw a triangle whose
three corners are at coordinates (1,2),
(3,8), and (10,5), you could do this:
10 LET XSTART=1
20 LET YSTART=2
30 LET XEND=3
40 LET YEND=8
50 GOSUB 1000
60 LET XEND=10
70 LET YEND=5
80 GOSUB 1000
90 LET XEND=1
100 LET YEND=2
110 GOSUB 1000
If you have the 4K ROM, you will not
be able to run the Basic program. There
is no PRINT AT command in integer
Basic. And, if you have only 1K RAM,
you probably will not have enough
memory. That is because the display file,
where the picture sent to your TV screen
is stored, can take up as much as 729
bytes—nearly 3/4K.
Parlez-vous Z80?
Translating the line-drawing routine
into Z80 machine code is generally pretty
straightforward. Figure 1 shows the trans-
lation for a computer with 2K RAM. For
Figure 1. Basic and Machine Code Versions of. Listing 1.
1900 LET U=XEND-XSTART
3A F4 47 LD A, (XSTART)
47 LD B.A
ZA Fá 47 LD A, (XEND)
90) SUR A,B
sstart by subtracting
XEND-XSTART
snow A=U; the flags are set
1010 LET M=ABS(U)
1020 LET X1=SGN(U)
1030 LET X2=Xxi
16 O1 LD Dii
30 04 JR NC,PLUS1
ED 44 NEG
i6 FF LD D,-1
20 02 FLUSi: JR NZ,SKIP1
16 00 LD D,O
&7 SKIF 1: LD H,A
7A LD A,D
32 FA 47 LD (X1),4
3D=X1=SGN(U) ;
suppose it is a plus..
sif A-B is positive, then M=A,
X1=1
sif it is negative,
š.. and Xi=-1
finally, if A-H=0...
saas then Xi=0
smow H=M; D=Xi land X2)
slet*s store Xi now
M=-A n”
(E E E E E E E å EEn RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRERERRRERERRERREREERREREREREEREREE E]
1040 LET V=YEND-YSTART
3A FS 47 LD A, (YSTART)
47 LD B.A
oA F7 47 LD A, (YEND)
90 SUB A, E
snow do the same thing,
swith L=N; E=Yi (and Y2)
except
1050 LET N=ARS(YV)
1060 LET Y1=SGN(V)
1070 LET Y2=Y1
IE OF LD ESI
30 04 JR NC, PLUS2
ED 44 NEG
91
DUE OVEA T G pr A ar Ae SAE R a Nea Sae ea a A a a a S E a a E a E a E E a
most program lines each Basic statement
becomes a short series of machine code
instructions. The most complicated of
them is the machine code version of
PRINT AT.
But at the very beginning, you will see
ABS and SGN, a pair of Basic functions
we have not translated into machine code
before. Let’s take a quick look at how our
machine code version of ABS and SGN
works.
ABS is the absolute value function in
Basic. Simply put, it means this:
If X is positive, then ABS(X)=X
If X is negative, then ABS(X)=-X
If X is zero, then ABS(X)=0
In other words, you could replace line
1010 in the Basic program with
1010 IF U>0 THEN LET M=U
1012 IF U<0 THEN LET M=-U
1014 IF U=0 THEN LET M=0
SGN is the sign function:
If X is positive, SGN(X)=1
If X is negative, SGN(X)=-1
If X is zero, SGN(X)=0
You could replace line 1020 in the Basic
program with
1020 IF U>0 THEN LET X1=1
1022 IF U<0 THEN LET X1=-1
1024 IF U=0 THEN LET X1=0
You can see that ABS and SGN work
in much the same way. That is why, to
shorten our machine code a little bit, we
have combined the two functions into
one short routine. Here is how it would
look in Basic:
1010 LET X1=1
1012 IF U > =0 THEN GOTO 1018
1014 LET U=-U
1016 LET X1=-1
1018 IF U <> 0 THEN GOTO 1022
1020 LET X1=0
1022 LET M=U
In machine code, it works like this:
When we subtract XSTART from
XEND, the zero flag and the carry flag
are either sent up or down. Remember,
the zero flag goes up if the result equals
zero, and the carry flag goes up if the
result of a subtraction is less than zero;
otherwise, the flags come down. By
checking the flags, we can tell whether
the number is positive, negative, or equal
to zero.
We start with a guess— maybe the num-
ber is positive. The sign will go in register
D, so we say
LD D,1
Next, we test our guess. If U is negative,
the carry flag is up. Thus, we say
JR NC,PLUS1
that is, jump ahead if it is not negative.
PLUS1 is just a dummy name; we will
have to figure out later how far the jump
really is.
If U is negative, we say
NEG
LD D,-1
That changes the negative number in A
92
IE fFF
20 02
1E 00
óF SKIP2s
FLUS2:
S2 FB 47
Figure 1. Continued.
LD E, -i
JR NZ ,SKIF2
LD E, 0
EDLA
LD A,E
LD (VE
1080 IF M>N THEN GOTO 1140
1090 LET U=N
1100 LET N=M
1110 LET M=U
1120 LET X2=0
1130 GOTO 1150
6C NHIGH:
1140 LET Y2=0
1E 00 MHIGH:
EDEL
CP H
JR C,MHIGH
LD L,H
LD H,A
LD DLO
JR SKIPS
LD E, 0
1150 LET S=INT(M/2)
7A SKIPS:
32 FC 47
7E
32 FD 47
7D
32 F9 47
7C
32 F8 47
CE 2F
32 FE 47
LD A,D
LD (X2),A
LD A,E
LD (Y2),A
EBA, L
LD (N),A
LD A,H
LD (M),A
SRA A
LD (S),A
1160 FOR I=0 TO M
3E 00
32 FF 47
LD A,0
LO tA
snow L=N and E=¥1l (and YZ)
slet*s store Yi now
compare M and N
sif M is higher, jump
otherwise,
sremember,
;D=X2
swap M and N
N was already in A
sif M=N then do this; E=Y2
snow store the variables
sstart I with O
1170 PRINT AT YSTART, XSTART; CHRS (128) ;
ZA OC 40 PLOT:
”
ZA F4 47
FE 20
30 14
3A F5 47
19 LOOF 1:
1180 LET S=S+N
3A F? 47 BUMP:
LD HL, (16396)
INC HL
LD A, (XSTART)
CP 32
JR NC, BUMF
LD E,A
ADD HL, DE
LD A, <YSTART)
CF 22
JR NC, BUMP
LD E,A
LD B,33
ADD HL, DE
DEC E
JR NZ,LOOP1
LD (HL),128
LD A, (N)
LD BA
LD A, <5)
ADD A,
LD (S),A
ib c,4
sstart of the display file
¿position is 9,9
sif XSTART?31, do not plot it
; DE=XSTART
sposition is XSTART,9O
sif YSTART>21, do not plot it
s DE=YSTART
sthere are 33 bytes per line
sadd YSTART bytes
sdo it 33 times
splot position XSTART, YSTART
sadd S+N
store S
;C=S
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Ce a a re CS en ee a ee ed ae E Nor OS I Se Se cei ee
1190 LET XQ=X2
1290 LET YQ=Y2
3A FC 47 LD A, (X2)
ts LD DA 3; D=X
ZA FD 47 LD A, (Y2)
oF LD E,A ;E=YO
ZA FS 47 LD A, (M)
47 LD #,A ; B=M
1210 IF S<M THEN GOTO 1250
79 LD A.C scompare M and §
{registers B and C)
Rg CPB
38 OC JR C,SKIF4 sif SM then jump
1220 LET S=S-M
90 SUB K ;otherwise, subtract...
se FE 47 LD (5),A fanserore GS...
1230 LET XO=X1i
1240 LET YO=Yi
ZA FA 47 LD A, (X1) $. replace X2 with Xl...
=r LD D.A
oA FR 47 LD A, (Y1) s.n aNd Y2 with Yi
sare LD E,A
@eoeceeesseeoeoeoeooeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneeCNn.N
1250 LET XSTART=XSTART+X@
SA F4 47 SEIP4: LD A, (XSTART) add
B82 ADD D
ae F4 47 LD (XSTART).A store XSTART
1260 LET YSTART=YSTART+Y@
oA FS 47 LD A. tYSTART) padd
= ADD E
we FS 47 LD <(YSTART),A store YSTART
1270 NEXT I
SA FF 47 LD A, (I) sadd 1 to Ls».
3C INC A
oe FF 47 LD ¢(I),4 store I
47 LD B,A
oA F8 47 LD A, (M) sM is the limit
RB CF E
30 9D JR NC, FLOT aif I<M then plot again
1280 LET XSTART=XEND
3A Fé 47 LD A, (XEND) otherwise, update XSTART..
ae F4 47 LD <(XSTART),A
1290 LET YSTART=YEND
ZA F7 47 LD A, (YEND)
me FS 47 LD (YSTART),A
eooeoeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeee eee eee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeseeneeee
1300 RETURN
iaa Update YSTART...
C9 RET łe and that’s it!
In this 2K RAM version, the variables are stored in the following memory locations:
Decimal Hex Variable
18420 47F4 XSTART 18426 47FA Xi
oA 47FS YSTART 18427 47FR Y1
1842 47F6 XEND 18428 47FC X2
pe 47F7 YEND 18429 47FD Y2
18424 47F8 M 18430 47FE S
18425 47F9 N 18431 47FF I
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Sem
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to a positive value, and makes the sign -1.
Now we are OK if the number is posi-
tive or negative. But what if it is zero?
The zero flag still tells us whether the
result of our subtraction was zero or not.
If it is up, we will need to change the sign
(in register D) to zero:
PLUS1: JR NZ,SKIP1
LD D,0
Finally, we will put our absolute value
in register H for safekeeping:
SKIP1: LD H,A
When we are finished, the sign is in regi-
ster D and the absolute value is in register
H.
As usual, translating from Basic to ma-
chine code is not really very complicated.
Just break the routine down into simple
steps—steps that can be performed by
something as simple-minded as the Z80
processor —and you are off and running.
Off and Running . . . Almost
When you first looked at Figure 1, you
may have noticed a few other things. This
is easily the ongest machine code routine
we have tried—200 bytes long, in fact.
And in the far left-hand column, where
we would normally put each instruction
in numerical codes—the version of the
program the computer understands-there
is a mixture of numbers and letters. What
goes on here?
Because this routine is 200 bytes, it is
not practical to POKE in the whole pro-
gram each time you run it. To get around
that problem, we will get the computer to
do the work. The program in Listing 3
expects its first line to be a REM state-
ment containing the numerical version of
a machine language program. It converts
the characters in the REM line into values
between 0 and 255, and then POKEs them
into memory starting at location START.
But instead of decimal numbers, this
time the numerical codes are in base 16,
or hexadecimal numbers— “hex” numbers
for short.
Putting on the Hex
There is a chapter in your ZX81 or
TS1000 manual that tells something about
hex numbers—it is titled either “Count-
ing” or “Number Systems,” depending on
which edition you have. It explains how
hexadecimal numbers use all the digits
from 0 through 9, and the letters A, B, C,
D, E, and F as well. If you have not
looked at it before, be sure to read it.
But even more important for machine
code programming is the “Character Set”
appendix. It has all the machine code
instructions, along with both the decimal
and hex numbers the Z80 processor
understands. That makes it very easy to
translate a number between decimal and
hex—you can just look in the appendix.
Why use hex numbers this time? To
save space. Notice that every hex number
up to FF (in decimal, 255) can be written
with exactly two digits. That means each
pair of digits is one number. You can
Listing 2.
8K ROM
10 FRINT "HOW MANY BYTES?”
20 INFUT A
30 LET RT=FEEK 16366+256kPEEK
14289
40 LET RT=RT-A
50 LET H=INT (RT/256)
60 LET L=RT-256%H
70 POKE 16388,L
80 FOKE 14389,H
90 NEW
4K ROM
10 PRINT "HOW MANY BYTES?"
20 INPUT A
SO FRINT "HOW MANY EK OF RAM DO
YOU HAVE?”
40 INPUT RT
5O LET RT=1024* (RT+16)-A
60 LET H=RT/256
70 LET L=RT-256*H
80 POKE 16428,49
90 PORE 16429,L
190 FOKE 16430,H
110 PORE 16431,195
120 FOKE 16432,198
130 FOKE 16433,2
140 PRINT "YOUR ROUTINE WILL ST
ART AT "SRT
iSO PRINT "FRESS NEWLINE TO RES
ERVE SPACE"
160 INFUT A$
170 LET A=USR (16428)
cram them together with no space be-
tween, and then easily break them up
into pairs again. For example, it is easy to
see that
210000C9
means the same thing as
21 00 00 C9
You cannot do that with decimal num-
bers. Some decimal numbers have one
digit, some two, and some three. Suppose
you left the spaces out of this sequence:
6 173 22 2 201
If you did not already know what the
‘It says the odds of you making that hand
are 2,385,000 to 1, and the odds are 3 to 2
that a nut like you will try for it.”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
original numbers were, you would never
be able to re-create the original sequence
from
6173222201
Of course, you could use zeroes to
make each number three digits:
006173022002201
But then our 200-byte routine would fill
up a REM line 600 bytes long. That is a
lot of memory to take up if you only have
2K. With two-digit hex numbers, it only
takes 400 bytes, or two-thirds the space.
There is another advantage to using
hex numbers. Most machine code listings
Eising ie aE a E
1 REM 3AF447473AF 647901401300
4ED4416FF 20021 600677A32FA47 SAF S4
747 SAF 747901 E01 SO04ED441 EFF 20021
EQOOF 7E32F R477 DEC38066C67 1600180
21LEQO7AR2FC47 7 BS2FD477D32F 947703
2F847CB2F 32FE47 3E0032FF472A0C402
SSAF 447FE 20301 45F 16001 93AFS47FE1
S3009SF 062 11 9OS2OFCRGBO03AF 947473
AFE478032FE474F 3QFC4757 3AFD475F 3
AF 847477 9R8380C9032FE47 SAF A47573
AFE47 SF SAF 4478232F 447 36F 5478332F
547 3AFF 47 3C32FF47473AF B47BR8309D3
AF 64732F 44736F 74732F 54709
10 LET RSTART=14514
20 LET START=FEEK 16386+256*PE
Ek 16389
30 LET A=0
40 LET H=PEEK (RSTART+ZXA) -28
50 IF HO OR H}15 THEN STOF
60 LET L=PEEK (RSTART+24*A+1)—2
70 IF L0 0R L215 THEN STOP
g0 LET N=16xH+L.
90 FOKE START+A,N
100 LET A=A+1
119 GOTO 40
16K RAM Changes
1 REM 2AF4S7F473AF 67F 9014601 3500
AEDI 6FF 20021 600677 AS 2FA7FSAFS7
F47SAF77F9OLEOLSOO04ED441 EFF 20021
EOODSF 7B32FRB7F 7DBC38066C67 14600180
2lEQO7AS2FC7F 7EBS2FD7F7DS2F97F7C3
2FS7FCR2FS2FE7F SEQOS2FF7F 2A0C402
SS3AF47FFESZO301 45F 1600193AFS7FFE1
63009S5F 0621 190520F CS6803RF97F 473
AFE7FRO32FE7F4F3AQFC7FS73AQFD7FSF3
AF B7F4779RBB380C90S2FE7FRAFA7TFES7S
AF R7FSF SAF 4S7FE2Z32F 47F SAF S7FESS2F
J7F SAFF 7FACS2FF7F4730QF 87FRE309D3
AF S7FS32F47F ZAF77FSR2FS7FC9
4K ROM Changes
19 LET RSTART=16427
20 FRINT "START LOCATION?"
ea INPUT START
in magazines and in many of the books on
machine code programming are in hex
numbers rather than decimal. So once
you have the hang of hex, it is much
easier to understand those books and
articles—and use the machine code pro-
grams they describe.
Quick Draw
To use this machine code line-drawing
routine, very carefully type in the pro-
gram in Listing 3. (It is designed for an 8K
ROM computer with 2K RAM; be sure to
September/October 1983 © SYNC
use the alternate REM line if your com-
puter has 16K.) Count the number of
characters in the REM line after you have
typed it in, to make sure you have not
missed any—or better still, check the
whole line to make sure it is right.
Now—before you try the program—
SAVE it on tape! If you have made a
mistake, you will be able to edit just the
REM line to correct it, instead of typing
the entire program again.
Next, use the program in Listing 2 to
Save space at the top of memory. For this
routine, you should save 212 bytes: 200
for the program, and 12 for the variables.
Listing 4.
iM LET O=PEEK 163988+254x*xPEEK
6389
20 FOR A=1 TO 22x32
SO- PRINT fy
40 NEXT A
20 INPUT XSTART
60 POKE 0+200, XSTART
79 INPUT YSTART
80o POKE +201, YSTART
90 INPUT XEND
190 POKE @+202, XEND
1190 INFUT YEND
120 PORE O@+203, YEND
130 LET A=USFR (G)
140 GOTO 90
4K ROM Changes
19 PRINT "START LOCATION?"
14 INFUT ©
18 CLS
Then LOAD the program you have
SAVEd on tape, RUN it, then edit out
each of the program lines. Finally, type in
and RUN the program in Listing 4. It
demonstrates the line-drawing routine. If
your computer has SLOW mode, it will
leave no doubt how much faster than
Basic machine code can be.
Coming Attractions
A machine code routine like this one is
fast—but it is also long. Everything the
routine does must be included in the pro-
gram, and sometimes that means “rein-
venting the wheel.” After all, there are
already machine code routines for print-
ing on the screen, plotting points, and
many other functions already in your
computer—stored in the ROM.
Next time, we will see how to put those
routines—the “ROM calls”—to work. We
will also learn about writing our own
subroutines, when there is nothing in
ROM that does exactly what we want.
And we will take a look at the “stack,”
and some of the special features of the
Sinclair computers.
If you have comments or questions
about machine code programming, or
something is not quite clear, let me hear
from you. Be sure to send along a stamp-
ed, self-addressed envelope if you need a
reply.
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User-Friendly
Statistical Program
““SUPER-STATS”’
One load cassette gives instructions and easy
Statistical use on your ZX81/TS100 with RAMPACK.
Routines include:
@ Means, standard deviations, standard errors,
variance, confindence limits for one and two-tail
tests.
@ Pearson R coefficient of correlation, with scatter
display.
@ Z and T tests.
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95
The ZX Stock Exchange Donald A. Burgio
You have just inherited $10,000 from a
wealthy uncle who made it big on the
stock market. He also gave you the
modem number of his broker, a
computer.
The ZX Stock Exchange carries stocks
listed on the New York Stock Exchange
as well as stocks not listed there. For the
purpose of demonstrating how the market
works, a random selection of stocks of
five stocks has been made and entered as
three letter abbreviations: AAA, BBB,
CCC, DDD, EEE. When you enter the
program, you may substitute the stocks
that you believe have the greatest opten-
tial. However, you must use designations
Figure 1.
Your broker the computer charges you
a modest one percent brokerage fee on
all transactions made.
Getting Started
First, carefully type in the program in
Listing 1. Save it by typing GOTO 2760.
This will cause it to run automatically
after LOADing.
When the program is running, the first
thing the computer will ask is whether or
not you want instructions. Regardless of
whether you get instructions, press S to
begin.
Figure 1 shows the initial printing of
the stock: the name, initials, price per
Figure 2.
price per share, your holdings (the num-
ber of shares in your portfolio), the total
value of the stocks, and the change from
the previous day. The next lines will be
any messages, the ZX Stock Exchange
average, the net change, and the value of
your stock, cash, and total assets. You
will then be asked whether you want to
continue. Type Y for yes and N for no.
Program Description
Lines 10-120 and 230-830 initialize the
program and give instructions if re-
quested.
The subroutine in lines 130-220 is fre-
quently used for formatting. A cash value
Figure 3.
of three letters. You must also put in the
full name of each in lines 890, 920, 950,
980, and 1010.
The stock prices are generated some-
what randomly, but they show short and
long term trends just as on other stock
exchanges. To get the “feel” of the mar-
ket, the program should be played for at
least 10 market days.
Donald A. Burgio, 20 Oak Rd., Congers, NY
10920.
96
share. Your stock, cash, and total assets
will then be briefly shown.
Next the computer will ask you for
your transaction for each stock. To buy,
type xxx, where xxx is the number of
shares you want to buy. If you do not
want to buy or sell, type 0.
After you have entered your initial
transactions, the screen format will look
like Figure 2. At the top will be displayed
how many days you have been playing.
Then a chart will show the stock initials,
such as 23.6 is inputted as G. The subrou-
tine will then manipulate G so that it
comes out as a neater form stored in R$,
23.60 in the example. The length of R$ is
stored in L for neatness by lining up the
decimal points on the cash amounts.
Line 190 takes care of a peculiar hap-
pening on the ZX81 which is due to the
nature of floating point arithmetic. E.g.,
type PRINT 1012.56-INT 1012.56 or
PRINT 1012.56-1012. The computer
should print .56, but instead it prints
September/October 1983 © SYNC
0.55999994. This happens with a few other
numbers also, and it must be accounted
for in software.
Lines 840-1010 set up the initial display
shown in Figure 1. Lines 1012-1180 calcu-
late the stock exchange average (EA) and
net change (NC). Lines 1190-1320 print
your stock assets (SA), cash assets (C),
and total assets (D).
Listing 1. The ZX Stock Exchange.
1 PEM STOCK HRRKET
2a REM BY =
mte Z
a)
D
F
i)
fig
i
td
i
ts
GIR
LD AA
shoes
Set et tt Mead eat tant tte PEL
$
í
w
oft
fe
0
w
+>
a]
oO
&
[=
m
m
WHD ES i
wi Zw MPU pe
nin
On
O
0
TAD
ang
HMR ARAN eee lf oem te
=}
LET O8="8e"
N LET O88 =STRE (2
THEN LET O8S=5T
fa
ty
&
G)
(Mn
“|
a
HZ 6 Been T ea E
-j
jà
ret
a
m
DOPA aim
ji
iti)
&
'
BOONAIOADH
nu Su Gn
i
9
428 PRINT AT 3,6; UHAT IS YOUR
NAME?"
4230 INPUT N&
4498 PRINT AT 3,
NSTRUCTIONS? tyY/N>"
450 INPUT Z
ZĘ
460 IF 2$="N" THEN PRINT AT 3,8
@; "po YOU WANT I
470 IF Z$="N" THEN GOTO 656
468 CLS
490 PRINT “WELCOME TO THE ZX ST
OCK EXCHANGE”
SO@ PRINT TRS ((CSS-LEN NS) 72); N
S28 PRINT "$109,896. YOU MAY BU
y OR SELL i
538 PRINT “STOCKS. A TABLE OF
“STOCK. THEIR PRICES,
“NUMBER OF SHARES IN
“FOLIO VILL BE PRINTE
“ENG THIS THE INTITIA
“STOCK WILL BE PRINTE
D. HERE You"
S96 PRINT “INDICATE A TRANSACT I
BUY"
G@@ PRINT “A STOCK TYPE XXX, WH
“THE NUMBER OF SHARES
TO SELL TYPE -
“636 PRINT _ “-XXX IS THE NUMBER O
ALE
EROEN
ae
HAT IC
> 22
SRO-
NT “HERES
2 - ta
puny-
m
K
$
O40
PTET YTY a)» PAA ee i
3 bot fri
fer
Wa) bee
bo COE TES UY Ga) be
ts
» DPN
See L
ToS LET
ood (EEN GM tod
“
Pi Wy a yan g Pe
T ESD fe n pn}
"aj P oet tye
‘ow
; “PRESS S TO S
"57 THEN GoTo 798
S. See
= z
<7 qoe z z
$ 78; VELCOME TO TH
E 2A STOCK EXCHANGE”
736 (IF RHD>.5 THEN GoTo sis
Continued
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Che lambs
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A “PACMAN” STYLE PACKAGE OF
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Listing 1. Continued.
LET A=-A
CLS
GOSUB 2018
LET C=12300
PRINT
PRINT “STOCK =
§ “SHARE”
PREM oO ee eee 9 ee SS Se See
878
aage
990
918
928
BB";
942
9528
cc vs
360
972
o98@
10890
10190
ES. st ae
18898
1898
18a
1120
1348
ER.:°
11508
11608
11702
ER.:
iz26a
i272
i288
i TRS
LET G=5(1)}
GOSUS 138
RINT "A AND A
LEY G=Sf2}
GOSsUuUB i138
PRINT "6 AND 6
TAB {(3B-L!: > RS
G=5 (3)
GOsSUB 132
PRINT “C AND C
(32-L); R$
LET G=S t4}
SOQSUa 132
PRINT "D AND D
(32-i? ,;, R$
LET G=5 (52)
Gosvue 1380
PRINT "E AND E
fR2-LI;Rs
TR=EA
ER=-6
SAa=8
I=z1 TO S
EA-ER+S (TT)
SR=SAtS (TZ) PI?
NEXT IT
(18062 (EA7535) +.53 7
LET ER=INT
LET NC=INT ( (EA-TR) £100+.S5}
ASSQCIATES A
BUYERS B
COAL CO. c
PEVELOPERS D
ENERGY E
€
GOTO 21608
PRINT "2x STOCK EXCHANGE AY
GOTO 1193 ;
PRINT
ve ZX
PRINT
“NET CHANGE: `“
PRINT N; “:”
(1@6#SA+.5) 7100
LET G=SA
GOSUB 1399
PRINT “STOCK ASSETS=$"; TAB
LET C=INT (190@*C+.5) 7100
LET G=C
GOSUB iss
PRINT “CRSH ASSETS= $";TAB
STOCK EXCHANGE ALU
s NC
{24-03 ; R$
1290
13298
13192
i328
f,
M~1h
OS SING 94%
Jo eee rae IN:
LET =INT (1@6@04D+.5)3 71800
LET G=D
G2SUB 130
PRINT “TOTAL ASSETS=§"; TAB
PAUSE 225
POKE 164537,25
BOTO 1480
ISH TO CONT:
THEN
INPUT Cs
IF Cg g="N" THEN
FOR F=18 TO 2i
PRINT AT I.3; ”
NEXT I
PRINT AT ii. 8, “WHAT IS YOUR
FOR I=1i TO S
PRINT AT 12,8; I$,’ EN
INPUT Ter}
NEXT I
PRINT AT 29,8; "PLERSE WAIT.
LET OF=
LET OS=8
FOR I=1 TO 5
LET TiLTj=<=InT (Ter) +.5)
EF TiD ¢<=6 THEN GOTO i568
LET DP=DP4T (IT} FSI
GOTO 1628
LET OS=DS-Ttrs #5 tt}
IF -FCi3 «=P {I} THEN GOTO is
PRINT AT 29,9;
A STOCK; TRY
PAUSE 3008
POKE i16437,255
GOTO 1486
NEXT I
LET TTr=0FP+05
LET SF=INT [(.612#TT#198+.5) 7
LET CYr=C-DP-BFHDS
IF CT>=8 THEN GOTO 1720
PRINT AT 19,8; "YOU HAVE TRI
“YOU HRUE OVE
AGAIN. om
ED TO SPEND ~
1680 PRINT “$";-CT;" MORE THAN Y
DU HAVE.”
16983 PAUSE 388
1700 POKE 164357,255
17109 GOTO 1400
1720 LET C=CT
1730 FOR I=1 TO 5
2740 LET PCI} =P C53 +7 CT
1750 NEXT I
27683 CLS
i778 GOSUEG 2919
1780 LET DY=DY+i
1798 PRINT “xr END OF TRADING:
DAY "DY; EFF’
i1600 PRINT
1818 PRINT “STK. $/S5HR. HDS. $ Y
ALVE CHANGE"
1528 Digan eee ee eee ee eee ee ee
28382 FOR I=i
2840 LET G=S({T3
26598 GOSUEB ise
38683 PRINT AT St. @, ISN; AT 3+I
»(L1I-LI ; R$; RT 3BStI.iS; Ptr);
4878 LET GSi) PiN
2689 GOSUB 13238
18590 PRINT AT Sti. (2@d4-Li; RES; AT 3
4#I,36;Cf23
1988 NEXT T
19109 LET F=1
1929 PRINT
sd a LET R=VAL C(STRS RND) (1 TO
3
1940 LET I=INT (RND#73
2945 IF £35 THEN GOTO 1948
1950 IF I=8@ THEN GOTO 1948
1968 IF R¢.15 THEN PRINT I$(I);"
DECLARES DIVIDENTS OF °“; (R#4+.
S$}, “/SHARE.
1970 IF R:.15 THEN LET C=H=C+PtT&#
tR#4+.53)
298@ IF R>?.93 THEN PRINT I#{I};°
SPLITS STOCK.°
Eee IF R>.33S THEN LET P(r} =P (Ir
*
2889 GOTO 1928
caig FAST
IF O1;36 THEN GOTG 2860
LET S=VUAL A%
LET DisVRL AË
LET P=31
IF C2>9 THEN GoTo 2108
S2=-V8L. A
PLS=sVURL RS
Po=1
BRisP2-2
oe=fS-2i
SE st FOTS
LET RRND
IF R>.25 THEN GoTo 2178
LET R=.25
GOTO 22428
TREN GOTO 22896
GOTO 224e
IF R>. 75 THEN GOTO 2238
IF P<1i THEN GOTO 2298
IF INT (5+.53 <>INT (35+.5) T
HEN GOTO 2298
2270 LET BC=4
2280 LET P=08
2296 IF Pcl THEN GOTO 2330
2308 IF INT t(S5S2+.57:>INT (5+.572
THEN GOTO 2330
2310 LET BC=-4
2320 LET P2=8
2338 LET C(I) =INT (AH#50IT} 2 +R+INT
(3-6#RNO+.573 +BC
2340 LET C(I) =INF €188eCixri+.Siv
LET St} =S (LI +Cilri
IF S(I}>@ THEN GOTO 2499
LET Crlii=8
LET Stiri =0
GOTO 2418
LET S(I} =INT
NEXT I
LET TR=TR-1
IF TR<1 THEN GOSUSB 2460
SLOW
RETURN
LET TR=VAL AS
LET A=ENT í (RND 719) £196+.5)
IF jo atl he THEN GOTO 2508
€1ISS#eS(I}+.53 +
NT
PRINT “AT THE END OF "; DY; “Y
DAYS TRADING:
2550 IF O>= 10000 THEN GOTO 2610
PRINT “YOU HAVE LOST $”;
LET G=106006-D
GOSUB 130
PRINT R
GOTO 2650
PRINT “YOU HAVE MADE $";
G=D -10000
GOSUB 138
R
SON THE 2X STOCK EXCH
2650 PRINT
No... PRINT “HOPE YOU HAD FUN, ";
2680 PRINT “CONE BACK AGAIN.”
2698 PRINT AT 28,2; “PRESS S5 TO R
E oe ae gee EE AGG Se he ke eee
a as
19 PRINT 2,0,"
TUTET HF PE
rii Be S-
aes OO Oe Nae en ee
ee ee o o o o ee
zm wa đ ma n a a e m o O
Dow a oe oe o o o o
as i a e re» film e a a at a ae et aa Saa aa SA
2730 IF INKEY$="5"” THEN STOF
2740 PRINT AT 21,9; “S$SSSFSSSSes
SSESSESSSESRESSSESS SESS”
2758 GOTO 2709
CLEAR
SAVE
RUN
“STOCK”
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Figure 4. List of Variables.
Variable Function
AS the function INT (RND*4.99)+1
A trend slope + sign
B formatting: INT X (dollar amount)
BC big change constant (-4,0,4)
BF brokerage fee
C cash assets
CT cash total (temporary)
C(1I)* change in stock value
D total assets
DY current simulation day
DP total day's purchases
DS total day's sales
D1 SPS**
D2 SPS**
E formatting: Cents amount
EA exchange average
F O = first simulation day
G formatting: initial cash amount
IS(1)* Stock initials
L length of R$ (for lining up decimal points)
NS user's name
NC net change
o$ formatting: the final cents amount
P SPS**
P2 SPS**
P(1)* number of shares in user's portfolio
RS final formatted cash amount
R random value
S SPS**
SA stock assets
52 SPS**
S(1)* stock values
TA total assets
TE total transaction amount
TR number of days in the trend
T(I)* transaction amount
X formatting: ABS G
ZS formatting: STRS B, general input
"I *2=BBB *4=DDD
*1 = AAA *3 = CCC *5 = EEE ** Stock price subroutine; see text.
anol MACHINE CODE?
NEW!
programmer, 8k user socket.
| ASZMIC PLUG-I IN
EXTERNAL BOARD
accepts the Aszmic Rom to combine the best of
machine code and basic. 24 1/0 lines. Eprom | priate details. | enclose S.A.E. or Int.reply coupon
ZX.ASZMIC ROM gives:
@ full screen editor
@ multiple files
ZX.Aszmic Rom replaces the Basic Rom in Timex 1000 and
ZX8 1/80 computers to transform the machine into a complete
Assembly Language Development station.
Fast. Powerful. Professional. Reliable.
| COMPROGSYS LTD., (S2)
| P.O. Box 149, South Croydon,
| Surrey, CR2 TYX, England
| Ç] Aszmic + manual. | enclose $52
I L Board + Aszmic + manual. | enclose $73
Aszmic alone, $52—including comprehensive manual.
Aszmic + Board + Manual, only $73
USA dealer enquiries welcome
CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Lines 1330-1470 ask if you want to
continue. If the answer is Y (yes), the
program then asks you to input your trans-
actions.
Lines 1480-1750 make sure that you
have not spent more than you have and
that you do not try to sell more stock
than you own. The brokerage fee (BF) is
calculated at line 1640.
Lines 1760-2000 set up the screen dis-
play similar to Figure 2. Lines 1940-1990
randomly split stocks (i.e., doubles the
number of shares you presently have) and
declares dividends.
The subroutine that makes the stock
prices is located in lines 2010-2500. D1
and D2 are random numbers of days
which respectively determine when stock
S will increase 4 points and when stock
S2 will decrease 4 points. If D1 days have
passed, it picks a stock (S), sets P, and
determines a new D1. This is done simi-
larly with D2, S2, and P2. If D1 or D2
days have not passed, the change is deter-
mined using the trend sign and slope (A),
which is changed after TR days, and a
random amount (R) less than $1.
The conclusion is contained in lines
2510-2750. Lines 2760-2780 save the pro-
gram so that it RUNs automatically after
LOADing.
For the benefit of those who are inter-
ested in programming techniques (and for
those who want to “fix the game to their
advantage,” a euphemmistic phrase for
“cheating”), a list of the variables is found
in Figure 4.
Line notes:
390: - G- 6) -FHE ZA SPOCK.
EXCHANGE in inverse, G (5).
400: F (6), THE ZX STOCK EX-
CHANGE in normal letters, F (5).
760: WELCOME TO THE ZX STOCK
EXCHANGE in inverse.
2700 and 2720: Inverse $ (32). ="
@ powerful assembler
@ complete debug
@ hi-res graphics
eques payapie to COMPROCSYS LTD.
Name _.
Using the Byte-Back Modem om Keeney
Introduction
Since buying my Sinclair ZX80, I have made so many
changes that it is hardly recognizable. One of the most
satisfying has been the addition of an RS232 interface and a
modem.
I have had a longstanding and probably irrational interest
in data communications. Exchanging data between machines
opens up the prospect of electronic mail and banking. The
individual can also access large data bases such as Compu-
serve, Dow Jones, and “The Source.” I find this an exciting
look at what I hope will be the future.
All that is needed is a device called a modem. It is available
from Radio Shack for about $150. Unfortunately, most
modems will not work on a Sinclair because they require
something called an RS232 interface.
The Byte-Back Modem
When I saw that the Byte-Back Co. was offering a modem
that would attach directly to the Sinclair, I wasted a few
milliseconds in debate and then ordered one. I was even
more pleased when I learned that not only did the system
include an RS232 interface, but that its services were available
to me for other purposes.
The Byte-Back modem is a fine device. It works well and
actually does more than advertised. The instruction manual,
on the other hand, in its attempt to furnish operating instruc-
tions, assembly instructions, and engineering data, is a bit
sketchy. A description of the non-standard output on the
RS232 board is not given nor is there much in the way of
checkout procedures.
This article attempts to provide some of that missing
information as well as to give a review of my experience with
the product. I also recommend V. B. Rice’s fine article which
describes his homebrew RS232 interface as a source of
additional information on the subject (SYNC 2:6).
Bytes, Bits, and BAUDs
Before useful information can be exchanged, a common
communications mode must be established to satisfy the
needs of the communications media. This is the function
performed by the modem, its interface, and the associated
software.
First, it is necessary to transform the internal character set
used by the Sinclair into the ASCII character set used by
Tom Keeney, 9629 Dortmund Dr., Huntsville, AL 35803.
100
everyone else. Since the system must both transmit and
receive, this transformation must go both ways. Character
transformation and control of the interface hardware is the
function of the software.
When the data is organized into ASCII codes on the Sinclair
data bus, the data must be communicated to the modem.
This is the function of the interface. An interface is required
because the data on the Sinclair edge connector is arranged
on eight parallel wires while the telephone uses only one.
This means that the computer can operate on eight signals or
bits at once forming a byte. The telephone system, on the
other hand, must take those bits one at a time. It is necessary
to trade space for time by arranging the data bytes into some
agreed upon serial order. It is also necessary for the interface
to control the serial transmission rate or BAUD rate. This
conversion from parallel to serial is old hat for the Sinclair
since that is the method it uses to generate a TV picture and
write to the cassette.
The problem is that the TV and cassette interfaces are
specific to the Sinclair alone and connect only one specific
device. The importance of the RS232 interface board is that
it performs the proper conversion and generates the proper
control functions according to a widely supported industry
standard set by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA).
For the price of a modem alone the Byte-Back system is not
only a modem but also a generalized serial input/output (I/O)
port that will allow the attachment of numerous peripherals
to the Sinclair.
The port operates asynchronously. This means that the
timing between characters is not controlled, while the timing
within a character is. It supports all normal data transmission
rates (as shown in Table 1). It also supports 5 to 8 bit per
Table 1. Clock frequency straps and mode instruction data bits used to
select the BAUD rate.
BAUD rates
Mode instruction
Data bits
600 | 150
300 | 75
150} 37.5
TE
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Using
the ; >
Timex/Sinclair
Ralph Coletti
Special offer! Get both books for just $19.97.
Using the Timex/Sinclair 1000
by Ralph Coletti Ty
The book to read after the manual. Put your com-
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tional, and scientific applications (program listings
included). A review of Sinclair BASIC contains |
hints for translating from other BASICs. Common |
mechanical problems and solutions and hardware |
modifications are also covered. Spiral-bound for |
easy computer-side use. Only $9.97.
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S 1000 Books That Work For You
Converting to Timex/Sinclair BASIC
by S. L. Bird
Translate other BASIC programs to run on your
T/S 1000. This complete guide covers more than
200 BASIC instructions, including a description of
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[] Special offer. Using the T/S 1000 AND Converting to T/S
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| BASIC (BK7396) $9.97. ($1.50 shipping & handling for each)
nvited.
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Te å- ee ee ee eee oe eee eee eee eee eee ee ee cee cee eee eee eee eee eee eee os
CIRCLE 77 ON READER SERVICE CARD
mI
ih
ll
Business/Professional Applications
for Timex/Sinclair users.
Busyness is the only publication
geared to professional & business applica-
tions for Timex/Sinclair users. Six times
yearly Busyness presents Feature articles,
New Products Information, Resource List-
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Enclosed is my check for $12.00 to cover a one year
subscription. Make check payable to Busyness
Name
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dress
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syness
P.O. Box 421773 = SF CA 94101
CIRCLE 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Exchanging data between machines opens up the prospects
of electronic mail and access to large data banks.
character data codes, stop bit insertion and even/odd/off
parity generation for error checking. Since it is a full duplex
system, it can both talk and listen at the same time. Most of
these options are software controlled; others by a combination
of software and hardware jumpers. It also supports “hand-
shaking” to an external device through its Clear to Send
(CTS) line and its status register is available to Basic at any
time.
The Byte-Back RS232 board is fully buffered and does not
appear to interface with the Sinclair in any way. It is memory
mapped into locations 38 and 39, and, since these are two
empty places in the ROM, the RS232 board does not take up
any RAM. Of course, it can be moved to some other location
or a second RS232 device can be attached by changing some
options on the board.
Figure 1. Byte-Back RS232 output plug.
CONOUF WN >
J2
*1. +9 Volts.
2. Transmitted data (TxD).
*3. Transmitted data (TxD).
16. Received data (RxD).
15. Clear to send (CTS).
14. N/C.
4. N/C 13. Data terminal rdy (DTR).
5. N/C. 12. Request to send (RTS).
6. N/C. 11. N/C.
*7. -9 volts. 10. RS232 output.
8. Ground. *9, RS232 input.
* RS232 level (-15 to +15 volts).
Other pins are at TTL levels (0 to +5 volts).
As an example of its flexibility, the same device that
operates the modem at 300 BAUD with 7 bit ASCII codes,
even parity into Compuserve can also communicate with “the
Source” using 8 bit codes with no parity and make the switch
with one Basic command.
At Byte-Back it has also been connected to a Radio Shack
model VII dot matrix printer operating at 600 BAUD allowing
the Sinclair to output to a line printer at any line width or
character count. A Basic program illustrating this fact is
included in the instructions and machine code programs to
drive the model VII or other printers are available from the
manufacturer for $29.95. In addition TTL, (0 to +5 volt)
output is available on the board for those devices requiring
those levels. Since the basic chip is an Intel 8251A Universal
Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (USART),
I would assume that other capabilities are also present.
A word of warning, however, because of the nature of the
RS232 standard, (it is almost an “unstandard”) you should not
read too much into my description. The statement “standard
RS232” in advertisements is about the only thing that is.
Anytime an RS232 device you are not familiar with is con-
nected to any RS232 interface the engineering data for both
devices should be studied or the manufacturer consulted.
The device will probably work but some engineering may be
required. This is particularly true if the device requires hand-
shaking.
An example of this is the fact that the Byte-Back RS232
board itself does not follow the standard. This is particularly
obvious with the output plug. The RS232 standard describes
a 25 pin “D” connector with every pin accounted for. Byte-
Back uses a 16 pin wire wrap DIP socket with the pin
assignments as shown in Figure 1. With its mixture of TTL
and RS232 levels, this plug is definitely not standard RS232.
The reason is that the modem utilizes only the TTL connec-
tions and the wire wrap pins on the plug allow it to fasten
directly to and hang down behind the interface forming a
single compact unit as shown in Figure 2.
All of the necessary RS232 levels are available somewhere
on the board. Unfortunately, the arrangement makes it neces-
sary to have good engineering knowledge of the interface. At
the very least it will be necessary to fabricate a custom cable
to connect the unit to other RS232 speaking peripherals.
Fortunately, Byte-Back seems to be willing to aid the experi-
menter.
Data passing through the interface is still in digital form.
This is fine for local communication between a computer and
its peripherals but it is not suitable for transmitting data over
the phone. This is because the telephone is an analog system.
The modem transforms this data from the computer into
tones, then modulates those tones onto a carrier frequency
and transmits the resulting analog signal over the telephone
lines. When it is receiving, it demodulates the carrier and
reconstructs the original digital data stream. (The word
modem is a contraction of modulate and demodulate.)
At 300 BAUD there are basically two kinds of modems,
acoustic and direct connect. Acoustic modems are distin-
guished by a rubber cradle which is used to hold the telephone
handset. Communication with the phone line is through the
microphone and receiver of the handset. The direct connect
modem is attached directly to the phone line. It is either
hardwired into the baseboard junction box or attached
through a plug.
The Byte-Back modem is the direct connect type but with
a difference: to save cost, line holding circuitry is not included.
SSS
Figure 2. Author’s ZX80, RS232, and modem.
(Note: Sinclair 16K RAM pack attached to expansion plug.)
102 September/October 1983 © SYNC
After communication with the host system is established, it is
not posssible to press a button and hang up as with other
modems. The phone must be left off the hook and muffled in
some manner to keep room noise out of the data. This may
be objectionable to some, but remember that as modems go,
the Byte-Back unit is very inexpensive. However, it is also
true that it lacks the portability of an acoustic modem without
furnishing the noise immunity of the direct connect type. It
appears that the problem is easily corrected with the addition
of a switch and a holding coil, but I can unplug my handset
and so it does not bother me at all.
Figure3. RS232 interface board layout.
[ens -BACK CO,
* ©coryaicnt
QI E2EI
ic ag | (ces.
Ci4 SERIAL BOARD C15
VR2 6860
(8) pe Bacio MO-!
The Kit in General
In kit form the system consists of two printed circuit boards,
two bags of parts, a software cassette, and two sets of
instructions. The boards I received were of excellent quality,
solder masked with the component layout printed on the
board as shown in Figures 3 and 4. These improvements over
earlier boards greatly facilitated assembly. Although my kit
was one of the first available, no modifications were required,
and, once functional, it has operated flawlessly.
Basically, the builder is told to assemble the components to
the board in the locations indicated by the layout drawing
printed on the board. There are no step-by-step instructions
with the little boxes to check off as each step is completed.
The assembly can be done in any sequence “with the following
exceptions” (one or two pages of execptions follow).
This works reasonably well in practice if a policy of
mounting the smallest parts first is followed unless otherwise
September/October 1983 © SYNC
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Also available in your local bookstore or computer store. eo
Anyone with some electronic assembly experience should
have little trouble although some dexterity is
required as the boards are packed.
directed by an “exception.” Since I do not have the resistor
color code down cold and I was not sure I could identify the
rest of the parts, I found myself paging back and forth between
the parts list (where some parts identification information is
given) and the “exceptions” sheet (where additional parts
identification is made). I also found that it helped to check
the components off on the parts list as they were installed.
The assembly presented no surprises, and I was able to put
the kit together in about 6 hours. Anyone with some electronic
assembly experience should have little trouble, although some
dexterity is required as the boards are packed and the traces
are close. I found a 25 watt soldering iron with a .1 inch
grounded tip to be essential. Those with no experience in kit
building whatsoever would probably find the assembled ver-
sion worth the extra cost.
Figure 5. Expansion connection.
Printed circuit board ~»
=
(D)
4
Component side ‘= ee
7 > S
Small connector board |” S
Mg ren
Circuit side %
Cut-out —»
as
LAA ET
Ny
SSY
È
i
ACS
3
Solder se 1/4”
Finally, the warranty and company attitude should be
mentioned as they are of distinct advantage to the kit builder
and computer hobbyist. The warranty is for the usual 90 days,
but it is unique in that it applies to the kit as far parts and
factory defects are concerned. It does not apply if the kit is
assembled wrong. It remains valid even if you attempt to
repair any malfunction yourself! As an additional aid to the
kit builder, the chief engineer answers the phone on evenings
and weekends when most of us are working on our projects.
As my kit came with a defective chip (which was immediately
replaced), I came to value this service. I found him to be
patient and helpful. Most of the troubleshooting and checkout
hints in this article are his.
The RS232 Board
Assembly of the RS232 board presented few difficulties.
The major point of interest was the expansion plug (J1 on
Figure 1).
Having assembled several kits using the same type of
expansion interface as Byte-Back, I have found it almost
impossible to get a reliable solder joint on the male side of the
connector unless the wire wrap pins are bent as shown in
Figure 5. This is accomplished by grasping the pin with
needle nose pliers, holding the pliers at right angles to the
board and moving the tip parallel to it. The result should be a
pin bent in the shape of a crank as shown. Simply bending the
pins toward the expansion board to form a V with the board
in the middle will not give enough surface area to insure a
secure solder connection as the board is bent and flexed
during installation.
104
When the RS232 board is completed, it can be checked out
and proper operation verified before connecting the modem.
This requires a minor hardware modification. The following
procedure was developed after conversation with the chief
engineer at Byte-Back and involves getting the board to talk
to itself. This is easy because it operates in full duplex mode
(it can send and receive at the same time) all that is necessary
is to interconnect the pins on J2 as shown on Table 2.
Table 2. Pin assignments for checkout.
Pin Pin Remarks
10 16 Serial data input to
RS232 level translator.
3 9 RS232 transmitter to
RS232 receiver.
8 15 Grounds the clear to
send pin on the 8251A.
The easy way to do this is to build a turnaround plug by
connecting the appropriate pins on a blank 16 pin DIP header
(Jameco # 16pinHP) as shown in Figure 6 then do the follow-
ing:
1) Insert the test plug into J2 and attach the RS232 board to
the Sinclair edge connector.
oO SSS
Figure 6. Turnabout plug.
2) Turn on the Sinclair and look for smoke. Do not worry,
the board is fully buffered and has its own power supply so it
is almost impossible to hurt the Sinclair if a mistake is made
on the RS232 board.
3) If nothing is obviously wrong, key in the program given
in Listing 1 and record it.
Listing 1. Turnabout test.
10 POKE 39,122 60 IF A =I THEN GOTO 100
20 POKE 39,23 70 PRINT "FAIL"
30 FOR I= @ TO 127 80 STOP
40 POKE 38,I 100 NEXT I
45 PAUSE 2 110 PRINT I
50 LET A = PEEK 38 120 GOTO 30
September/October 1983 © SYNC
Get the most from your SINCLAIR
or Timex Sinclair with
COMPANION
SINCLAIR 1000 COMPATIBLE!
by Robert Maunder
(E FE Ds eA e eP eE
Ø sceesem
The ZX81 Companion
by Bob Maunder
The ZX81 Companion follows the same
format as the very popular ZX80
Companion, and assists the ZX81 or
Timex Sinclair 1000 user in four appli-
cations areas: graphics, information
retrieval, education and games. This
practical guide contains scores of fully
documented short routines plus com-
plete programs and a disassembled
listing of the ZX81 ROM Monitor.
“Thoughtfully written, detailed, and
illustrated with meaningful programs.”
—MUSE
52" x 8", Softbound. #17P $9.95 ($2.00)
Creative Computing Press Dept. NF7F, 39 East Hanover Ave., Morris Plains, NJ 07950
Please send books listed below:
Item No. | Qty.
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book.
Outside U.S.A. add $3.00 per order—
Getting Acquainted With
Your ZX81
by Tim Hartnell
This informative volume for the new
ZX81 or Timex Sinclair 1000 user con-
tains more than 80 programs to help the
reader get the most from his Sinclair
computer. Game programs include
Checkers, Alien Imploders, Blaster-
mind, Moon Lander, Breakout, Star
Burst and Derby Day. The book also
shows programs for cascading sine
waves, plotting graphs and tables, data
sorting, equation solving, plus the use
of PLOT, SCROLL, PRINT, TAB, PEEK,
POKE and much more!
512" x 8", Softbound. #15Y $9.95 ($2.00)
these practical book
s from Sync!
The Gateway Guide to the
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by Mark Charlton
The Gateway Guide is a practical pro-
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have been written for easy conversion
from machine to machine (ZX81 or
Timex Sinclair 1000, 4K ZX80 or 1K
ZX80). The Gateway Guide describes
each function and statement, illustrates
it with a demonstration routine or pro-
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52" x 8", Softbound. #160 $9.95 ($2.00)
Computers for Kids (Sinclair Edition) by Sally Larsen
This new edition of Computers for Kids is written specifically to introduce
children aged 8 to 13 to the ZX81 or Timex Sinclair 1000. The book
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enables a youngster to program a Sinclair in less than an hour. There’s
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material available for introducing students to their new computer.”
—Donald T. Piele, Professor of Mathematics,
University of Wisconsin-Parkside.
812" x 11", Softbound. #12S $5.95 ($1.00)
Also available at your local bookstore or computer store.
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4) Run the program in SLOW mode unless the PAUSE in
line 45 is increased to 10 (this is important if a ZX80 without a
video upgrade is used). In SLOW mode the screen should
flash 128 times then the number 128 should appear, after
which the screen should start to flash again. If the word FAIL
appears at any time, the board is defective and either trouble-
shooting or factory service is in order. The program can be
stopped at any time by pressing the BREAK key, but, if it is
restarted or executed a second time, it should always be with
a RUN 20 or GOTO 20 unless the power has been inter-
rupted.
The first few lines of the program establish the data
communication mode and turn on the board’s transmitter
and receiver. The signal timing and error checking system to
be used are also set at this time. The rest of the program
transmits codes from 0 to 127 to the receiver, checks the
receiver output to see if it matches what was transmitted, and
sends the next code if it does. Only 128 codes are sent
because the mode instruction in line 10 established a seven
bit data code with one parity bit (the eighth) for error checking
and only 128 codes can be sent with 7 bits.
Modem Assembly and Checkout
Assembly of the modem presented few problems largely
because the instructions were more or less step by step,
unlike the instructions for the RS232 board. It is worth noting,
however, that the company tacks an extra charge on to any
repair if the components have been mounted “face down” so
that the values are not visible. This is the first time I have
seen this, but it does motivate good assembly practice.
The modem is attached to the interface by plugging the
projecting wire wrap pins on interface plug J2 into J1 on the
modem as shown in Figure 7. Care should be exercised as the
ZX-MAN
Turn your ZX81I or TIMEX
SINCLAIR 1000 into an ar-
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ZX-MAN. 100% machine
code makes this fast acting pro-
gram as much fun as being at
the arcades. With the joystick
option you can have the real
feel of game playing never be-
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or TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000.
16K required
JOYSTICK and ZX-MAN-Both for $24.95
JOYSTICK
With ATTO-SOFT’s JOY-
STICK your ZX8I or TIMEX
1000 can be turned into an ar-
cade type computer allowing fast
controlover ZX-MAN and other
type software. Requiring only six
simple solder connections inside
your computer. Also included is
software to develop your own
programs
Send Check or Money Order to:
ATTO-3Uf T
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(309) 343-41 14
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CIRCLE 4 ON READER SERVICE CARD
pins are long, may not be properly aligned or straight and are
easily bent. Orientation of the heat sink on the interface is
important because it and transistor Q7 on the modem establish
the space between the two boards. I know from experience
that modem components, particularly the transformer and
crystal, will short out the RS232 board, producing expensive
odors. Byte-Back has recently included a case for the unit. I
wish I had one.
Figure 7. RS232 interface with piggyback modem.
(Note: Modular plug: Radio Shack 279-375.)
Connecting the modem to the telephone service may be a
problem although adequate instructions are given and the
newer units come with a modular plug. It is a good idea to
disconnect the modem from the telephone when not in use,
particularly in those parts of the country where electrical
storms are common. Since a telephone must be used for
dialing and answering, a duplex jack (Radio Shack # 279-357)
should be used, and the phone connected in parallel with the
modem.
It is not necessary to subscribe to a computer service to
check out the modem; all that is needed is a telephone
number. Of course, the service will evict anyone who cannot
produce a password at the proper time but most computer
services are patient and enough communication will take
place during the login attempt to verify proper terminal
function.
Since Byte-Back software is configured at the factory for
communication with Compuserve, I decided to visit them for
checkout. To get the local Compuserve number I called (800)
848-8990 and asked for a local number in my area. Since
Copuserve does not have a local number everywhere, I was
also prepared to use the University of Alabama at Huntsville
(UAH) bulletin board at (205) 895-6749 (ring once, call back
within 40 seconds). Many universities maintain such services.
So do many computer clubs. It should be understood, how-
ever, that these are amateur systems and they crash a lot, so
do not get discouraged.
With the modem plugged into the telephone line and a
valid telphone number the system is ready for checkout. This
is done by the following steps:
1) LOAD the modem software into the Sinclair.
2) Make sure that the computer is in the SLOW mode (the
software will not work on a ZX80 without a video upgrade).
3) RUN the program and answer the prompts by entering
“O” and “N” for originate and echo. In a few moments the
words “BYTEBACK INC. GLASS TTY” will appear on the
screen, indicating that the system is standing by waiting for
an answer tone from another modem.
4) Dial the host computer. When it answers, its modem will
generate an answer tone (2000Hz). This will be followed
immediately by the originate tone (1000Hz) from the Byte-
Back unit. If this occurs, the unit can be considered at least
partially functional.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
My dog barked. Then the host computer filled my
screen with garbage and hung up!
5) Do not hang up the phone at this time! Either wrap the
receiver in a towel, smother it in a pillow or, if it has a
modular handset, remove the handset plug from the telephone
base. This is important! Once when I was on line to Compu-
serve, my dog barked, causing the host computer to fill my
screen with garbage and hang up.
6) After the two modems exchange tones, the host will
immediately start sending a message that will appear on the
screen. If the message is in clear English text, the system
works, and communications have been established! Go out
and celebrate. If assorted jumbled characters, try PEEKing
the mode instruction to make sure that the configuration
matches that required by the host.
What Will It Do?
The Byte-Back modem system as delivered will convert the
Sinclair ZX80/81 into what is popularly known as a “dumb
terminal.” Also it furnishes the capability to connect that
terminal to a host computer via the telephone. As with most
“dumb terminals” the user can dial up a properly equipped
remote computer, command it to execute programs local to
it, and receive the results on the TV attached to the Sinclair.
With the software supplied, the only way to retain the
output is to halt the terminal program, reenter Basic and
COPY the screen to the printer (if one is available). If this is
done, however, the remote site may hang up the phone. Also
Figure 8. Remote job execution.
Figure 8a. Fortran listing.
@@1@GG PROGRAM HERO { INPUT ,OLTPirT}
021i REAP: M, B,C
opiz20 IF (A.E0.0.05TOF
@Q130 5=iRN+6+0) r2.
@Bid@® RDCL=S# (5-A) #i5-B) 2iS-c?
G@iS@ IF iRDOL.LT. 0.0 GOTO 2
S7150 AREA-SORT (RDCL >
09190 2 PRINT 102,A,
@@2e00 GOTO 2 oe
@ 101 FORMAT (18H SIDES
SFO.4/5F AREA IS, IPEII 4} =>
@8220 142 FORMAT(i@H SIDES ARE,
36+ F9. 4r iFH INURE te EE
posia END NORE IDO TRISNGELEJ
_READY .
157
Figure 8b. Sample run.
7 5
SIDES ARE 3.00008 6.2220 8
. B000
„ARER Ts 7 .G¢44F+e80
SIGES ARE 5.0980 18.6880 15
-2
ARER IS @.
> 5,5,
SIDES ARE 5. oea aaa S
Q029
AREA IS 1.09525E+01
3
7 @2.8,6,.8
SRU 3.324 UNTS.
gPUN COMPLETE.
149
it is not possible to “download” or copy software from any
remote site, even another Sinclair. Having examined the
terminal software (available from Byte-Back) for $10 and
probably worth it, I have good news: the limitations mentioned
are not in the hardware. I should point out that the software
works well; it is just limited, but then so is the cost.
Since I have installed my modem, I have used it to com-
municate with several systems. I have been able to command
the execution of Fortran and Cobal jobs on the large main-
frame computer where I work. An example of this is shown in
Figure 8a; sample output is shown in Figure 8b. This program
was executed about 15 miles from my home, both the listing
and the output were COPYed on my Sinclair. Yes, I am
running Fortran jobs from a Sinclair computer.
On a more mundane level I have exchanged notes with
Apple, Atari, and other computer owners on the bulletin
board at the University and determined on Compuserve that
it was raining in Brazil. A complete listing of what is available
out there in “computerland” is beyond the scope of this
article, but one thing I have enjoyed is the encyclopedia
research service that several large systems offer. Just enter
the subject, and within a few seconds the complete encyclo-
pedia article appears on the screen!
After some experience, I feel that the larger systems are
easier to communicate with. The Sinclair is definitely limited
in some respects, and it helps to deal with a system that has
enough capability to adjust. Things like page size, interrupt
and abort codes often need to be negotiated, and most of the
major services can. For example, I have found it helpful to
direct the host to send upper case characters only. The Byte-
Back software can deal with any incoming ASCII code, but it
converts lower case into inverse video. This results in a
display that looks a bit like a ransom note, and it is hard to
read (Figure 9).
The modem software will LOAD in 2K. The price of the
Byte-Back kit is about $120. The TS1000 now costs less than
$70 (even as low as $50). So for less than $200 you can
command the resources of a computer that costs in excess of
$16 million! That ought to satisfy anyone’s power hunger!
If I have inspired you to share my disease and get into data
communications with your Sinclair, give me a call on the
UAH bulletin board and leave me a message. I would like to
hear from you.
Figure 9. Author’s ZX80 on line to Compuserve.
(Note: The telephone handset is unplugged.)
September/October 1983 © SYNC 107
3D Monster Maze and Mothership David Grosjean
In 3D Monster Maze you are in a maze
running from T. (Tyrannosaurus) Rex.
The object is to get out alive!
The game begins with a circus barker
telling you the background of the maze.
He then gives you the choices of seeing
the instructions, quitting, or starting. The
computer takes less than 30 seconds to
set up the maze, and then the action
begins.
You are walking (or running) down a
corridor which has dark black walls, while
the corridors branching off your path
have grey walls. Messages at the bottom
of the screen give you reports such as
“He is hunting for you,” “Rex has seen
you,” and “RUN he is beside you.” Each
step increases your score by 5 points.
When you reach the exit, you are awarded
200 points and put in a new maze. The
David Grosjean, 50 Kings Rd., Chatham, NJ
07928.
TTT ORPHOUHAEYONOLUEODOGEOUNOTOONUEOLENEAANEEOSNERUNOERENEDTEGETORRAOOUEDELUCUEAYOOEUEDENEREOEEL PPANOOPPODO PIEDE PPLA NOU OODODA DOPP ONOPOA VODOU OPOBOUEOODOUNA ONOONO ONDON DOPOCODNUOON NOAOA
PERSONAL WEALTH
ACHIEVER
DO YOU KNOW THE WAYS TO BUILD VAST
WEALTH WITH A MINIMUM OF TIME AND
EFFORT - AND OFTEN LITTLE CAPITAL?
MOST PEOPLE THINK THEY ARE TOO BUSY
MAKING MONEY TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE
IT; THEY MISTAKENLY BELIEVE THE
PROCESS OF WEALTH ACCUMULATION IS
COMPLICATED, MYSTERIOUS, AND TIME
CONSUMING. AS A RESULT THEIR NET
WORTH IS ONLY A FRACTION OF WHAT
IT COULD BE, AND THEIR FINANCES
ARE IN A STATE OF CONFUSION.
PERSONAL WEALTH ACHIEVER IS A 16K,
MENU DRIVEN PROGRAM THAT WILL HELP
YOU INCREASE INCOME AND NET WORTH
WITH LITTLE TIME, EFFORT, OR RISK.
THIS INTER-REACTIVE PROGRAM HELPS
YOU, STEP BY STEP, TO.GET FINANCES
UNDER CONTROL AND TO EXPAND YOUR
EARNINGS CAPABILITY. PROVEN WEALTH
ACCUMULATORS, WITH GRAPHIC DISPLAYS,
WILL HELP YOU TO GAIN FINANCIAL
INDEPENDENCE. THIS PROGRAM COULD
BE WORTH A FORTUNE TO You!
6 ppå
tla | 3
ens? xteletek
15 Central Way
Suite 169
TS-1000 ; 1500 Kirkland, WA 98033
108
instructions do not tell you what the exit
looks like, but, when you see it, you know
that you have escaped.
The game is very easy to get used to,
but it is difficult to win consistently. The
controls are simple: the arrow keys are
used to indicate left, right, and forward
(up).
The program uses Basic and mostly
SYNERGIES
UNCIMNMTED
PRESENTS USER-FRIENDLY HOME UTILITY
PROGRAMS FOR YOUR 2X81/TS1000
NUTRIFILE | & ll (16K/64K)
Develop your own recipe file and access recipe by name,
meal or type of dish. Adjust ingredients for different
number of servings. Develop menu plans and grocery
lists.
NUTRIFILE I (46K) Handles 30 recipies $12.50
NUTRIFILE Il (64K) Handles 120 Recipies and
contains additional nutritional data for menu planning.
$14.00
HEALTHFILE (16K/64K)
Maintain family health records. Keep track of family birth
data, heights, weights, immunization, illnesses and other
health data. File space for doctors and hospitals. Also
basic First Aid and Poison Control data. Program allows
user-friendly expansion to 64K. $10.50
CALENDARFILE (16K/64K)
Establish your own databank of appointments, remin-
ders important dates and recurring events. Access data
by month, date, subject or keywords. Program allows
user-friendly expansion to 64K $12.50
CA Residents Add 6% Sales Tax
Add $1.50 For Postage & Handling
Send Check or Money Order To:
SYNERGICS UNLIMITED
Suite 101
3377 California Bivd.
Napa, CA 94558
machine code (to produce and move the
pictures quickly). Although the pixels on
the TS1000 are rather coarse, the 3-D
simulation is marvelously effective. The
illusion of a corridor with extension is
created by converging lines, and Rex gets
larger as he gets closer. The simplicity
and speed of this program make it fun for
all ages.
NEW FROM D-RAM
MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMERS
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What is memory location 18704 in
hexadecimal? NOW you can make
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hexadecimal easily and accurately,
without losing your train of thought,
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This shirt-pocket, LCD, 48 function calculator
comes with a carrying case, batteries, operator’s
manual, and a 128 page textbook. Personal ex-
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ORDER H1001 ........ 929.95
ALL PROGRAMMERS
Does digging through the manual
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STANTON, MICHIGAN 48888
September/October 1983 © SYNC
— Dept CS, 347 Reedwoo
— die, 1 TN 37217 —
Mothership is a space combat game
with a 3-D simulation. The top half of the
screen shows the stars of outer space in a
stationary background while the bottom
half shows a trench (somewhat like the
one in Star Wars when the Death Star is
destroyed). You are in your fighter flying
down this trench. Your controls (left,
right, up, down, and fire) are easy to get
used to. The illusion of depth comes from
the use of converging lines to show the
trench, and the illusion of flight from the
constantly changing display.
—| | |
| ' Soltware Profile
- Name: Mothership
_ Type: Arcade Game
_ System: 8K ROM; 16K RAM —
_ Format: Cassette |
| Summary: A challenging game and
excellent use of graphics make this a
superb game and a lot of fun.
| Price: $16.95. _
Manufacturer:
Softsync, Inc.
14 E. 34th St.
_ New York, NY 10016
At first you are fighting drones which
emanate from the huge mothership seen
cruising back and forth across the top of
your screen. They fly towards you while
shooting, or they simply fly at you on
suicide missions. The drones are worth
from 100 to 500 points depending on
where you are in the corridor. The higher
up in the corridor you are, the more the
drones are worth, and the faster every-
thing moves. After shooting ten drones
without losing one of your ships, the drone
attack stops, and the mothership begins
shooting at you. You must hit it three
times before it is destroyed. You are
awarded from 1000 to 5000 points de-
pending on where you are in the corridor.
September/October 1983 © SYNC
There are three levels of difficulty. In
the first, the drones do not shoot at you.
In the second, the drones do shoot at
you. The third level is just like the second
except that it is much more difficult. You
do not crash if you hit the sides of the
corridor in the first two levels, but you do
in the third. Up to two people can play
individually.
This game is simple, yet it can get very
difficult. The speed, smoothness, and
excellent use of graphics make this a
NTUE
MOTHERSHIP 16K
For Your Timex/Sinclair 1000
You can find MOTHERSHIP and all of SOFTSYNC'S
wide variety of programs for the TS1000/ZX8!1 at your |
local retail store or write us for a free catalog and
program listing. Prices range from $14.95 to $19.95.
superb game and a lot of fun.
It is not surprising then that Mothership
is one of the five award winning programs
in the Timex Sinclair category at this
year’s Consumer Electronics Showcase
and that it is the only U.S. software pack-
age bought by Sinclair for British distri-
bution. Three other Softsync entries are
also among the five award winners:
Mazogs (reviewed in SYNC 2:6), Quest
for the Holy Grail, and TS Destroyer.
|
new i uy
EEO NTT.
pn,
3-Dimensional Graphics?
When you steer your Starlite
fighter down the Zarway space
corridor you won't believe your
eyes because the graphics are
so good and the game so fast.
$16.95
gers rush me 1 MOTHERSHIP program. | enclose 316.95 |
| + $1.50 shipping and handling (N.Y. residents add
į sales tax).
i O Please send me a free catalog & program Jeung:
l
l
j
i
i RE a EALE E Ae y eee ON ee
AOE ao E SS L -
|
I
l
|
f
l NAME
I city
STAT oT at eh a ate est es
i SOFTSYNC, INC., 14 East 34th St. New York, NY 10016
L (212) 685-2080 j
CIRCLE 61 ON READER SERVICE CARD
109
Brick Buster Paul Thomson
“Brick Buster” is a game in which the
player earns points by knocking out as
many of the bricks in the playing area as
possible. On-screen scoring and a high
score memory are provided for competi-
tive playing. The active part of the game
is written in machine code for fast action.
The rest of the game is in Basic for ease
of programming.
Using the machine code loader pro-
gram in Figure 1 (or your own program, if
you prefer), enter the machine code from
Figure 1. Machine code loader.
1 REM 12s4567e0a12245873890125
A557 S901 SS45S5 7 SSR S24587SS012545
SPS LS 24567 S981234567Sa901S54557
SQALSR456 7SSB1S2456 7 E981 234567359
ALlSzASSPSAPALS 245 SE 7 aSR1S 245678981
SRESSPSIBLSE4S SF SSS1LS 2458 78981s5
456 PES@1LSS455 7808122455 789812545
SPSSBLS 34567 S98 123456 72981234567
SOG1LS3456 7898122458 7398
ið LET L=155i4
28 LET iLg="4ae2"
38 SCROLL
4@ PRINT L$; tai
S@ INPUT A$
6@ IF Ag="S" THEN STOP
70 PRINT A$
20 IF Ag="" THEN GOTO 32
S@ POKE L,1SsCObE Ag+CODE Agi2
3-476
18 LET L=L4+x
Lif LET Ag=Asi=S TO :
128 LET B=4
138 LET A=CODE L#iBi¢i
148 IF A:43 THEN GOTO 2208
15@ LET L$=L$i TO 8-1:4+CHRS A
162 FOR F=B-i TO 2
1708 LET Lg$=L$+"e@"
188 HEXT F
198 GOTO 28
2Q@ LET B=5-i1
212 GOTO 138
the second column in Figure 2 into the
first REM statement. Check the address
on the screen after each entry to make
sure that it corresponds to Figure 2. After
the machine code is entered, be very
careful not to alter the REM statement in
any way. Save it now in case of a crash
later.
Paul Thomson, 361 W. Windsor, Lombard, IL
60148.
110
4082
4085
4088
4089
408R
408D
40O8F
4092
4094
4096
4097
4098
409A
409C
409E
4OAl
40AS
40AS
40A7
40A9
40AC
4OAD
40AE
4081
40B?
40B4
40B
40B9
4OBC
40BE
40CO
40C2
40CC35
40C7
40C9
40CC
40CE
40D1
40D4
40D7
40DA
40DC
40DE
40DF
40E0
40E1
40E?
40ES3
40E4
40E6
40E8
40EA
40EB
40ED
40EF
40F0
40F2
40F4
4OFS6
111016.
010516
78
FEO2
2007
2005
SEOD
S2AD40
OS
CDéA41
SAAC4SO
FEOS
2007
SEO4
S2AC4O
1805
3EOS
S2AC40
3680
CDED40
cDe241
CDE040
CD8241
3600
i BAA
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FE3E
79
START:
MISS:
LWALL :
RWALL :
RINST:
CINST:
BOUNCE:
SUBS:
PADDLE:
MVLF s
Figure 2. Machine code listing.
LD DE,16190
LD BC,1605
LD A,B
Cr OR
JR NZ,MISS
LD A,O4
LD (BINST),A
JR LWALL
CP .18
RET Z
LD A,C
CP 02
JR NZ, RWALL
LD A,OC
LD (CINST),.A
JR BINST
CP 1F
JR NZ, BINST
LD A, OD
LD (CINST),A
DEC C
CALL ADDR
LD A, (HL)
CF 08
JR NZ,SUBS
CALL SCORE
LD A, (BINST)
CP o5
JR NZ, BOUNCE
LD A,04
LD (BRINST),.A
JR SUBS
LD A,05
LD (BINST),A
LD (HL),80
CALL PADDLE
CALL DELAY
CALL FADDLE
CALL DELAY
LD (HL),00
JR START
NOF
JR Z,PRPADL
INC C
JR PRPADL
CP 2F
JR NZ,PRPADL
Le Wee
vase WS we WE es at se ‘aS ee ‘aS es ae
we we we “we
8 me S sae ‘aG ee ME ee es MG ee ee MG les RB ee ee ee le
as ‘a8 ‘ae ‘28 ‘en “SS “28 «ze ‘ao ee ‘U es ‘AN as CAG se IR ee R ee CE ee ae ‘n
Initialize paddle position.
Initialize ball position.
Has ball hit back wall?
No.
Yes.
Go check for a miss.
Change vertical direction.
Go check left wall.
Did ball get past paddle?
Yes. Return to Basic.
No. Has ball reached left wall?
No. Go check right wall.
Yes. Change horizontal direction.
Go change ball direction.
Has ball reached right wall?
Yes. Change horizontal direction.
No. Change position of ball.
(B: vertical; C: horizontal).
Find new address of ball.
Is there a brick in new ball position?
No. Go move ball.
Yes. Go increment score.
Make ball bounce off brick in
opposite vertical direction.
Frint ball in new position.
Move paddle.
Delay.
Move paddle.
Delay.
Print blank in old ball position.
Go back to start.
Save ball position.
Get paddle position.
Find what key is pressed.
Move right?
No. Go check for move left.
Yes. Is paddle at right end?
Yes. Go print paddle.
No. Move paddle position to right.
Go print new paddle.
Move left?
No. Go print paddle.
Yes. Is paddle at left end?
September/October 1983 © SYNC
$’
FEO?
2801
OD
CD3535541
3600
3600
OS
CD3353541
SEOD
32AD40
SEOS
S2AC4O
04602
23
7E
FESO
200C
SEOS
S2AC4O
FEOD
FEBO
200A
SEOC
S2AD40
SEOS
32AC40O
2ZA0C4O
co
QO600
09
Ci
112100
1003
AN B hI N
M tA id id id
OLODO?
PRFADL:
MIDFAD:
TWICE:
CONT:
ENDPAD:
ADDR:
TEST:
AGAIN:
SCORE:
CHECK:
CARRY:
ENDSCR:
DELAY:
CNTDWN:
GP Ol
JR Z,PRPADL
DEC C
CALL ADDR —
LD (HL) ,00
INC HL
LD (HL),03
INC HL
LD {HE}, O03
INC HL
LD (HL? ,00
DEC B
CALL ADDR
LD A, (CINST)
CF Oc
JR NZ,MIDPAD
LD A, (HL)
CP 80
JR NZ,MIDFAD
LD A,OD
LD (CINST),.A
LD 4,05
LD (BINST),A
LD B,O2
LD A,OS
LD (BINST),A
FOP BC
LD B,14
PUSH BC
EXX
NOF
DJNZ TWICE
INC HL
LD A, (CINST)
CP OD
JR NZ,ENDPAD
LD A, (HL)
CP 80
JR NZ,ENDPAD
LD A, OC
LD (CINST),A
LD A,OS
LD (BINST),A
LD HL,D-FILE
PUSH BC
LD E, 00
ADD HL, BC
POP BC
LD DE, 0021
DJNZ AGAIN
POP BC
LD HL,D-FILE
ane HL
NC HL
INC HL
INC HL
LD A, (HL)
INC A
CP 24
JR Z,CARRY
LD (HL), A
JR ENDSCR
LD (HL),1C
DEC HL
JR CHECK
POF HL
RET
PUSH BC
LD BC,0200
JR NZ, CNTDWN
FOP BC
RET
September/October 1983 © SYNC
as ‘AN ‘as ‘aS ae ^AN ae 'AR ‘ap ‘AR ee RE ‘AR ee ‘AN ee 8 es ‘aS AN -ag ‘AR as ‘ae ‘SS ‘as ‘SS 'AR ee ‘AS as WS fee ee ME we AS ‘ap ‘AR CSE Cap ‘AR ap ‘IS ag ‘AS ee CAR C'ap ‘AR -ap ‘AN aS as ‘aG -as ‘aA ap "an ws au s as ug aS as ‘DE SS ee ‘AS ee 8 ‘aS fee MS US ls ‘AS es 728 les ‘S es MO we we we ws ‘Ss 8 wo
Yes. Go print new paddle.
No. Move paddle position to left.
Find paddle address.
Print paddle.
Check if ball hit paddle.
Check left end of paddle.
Check center sections of paddle
for: hit.
If ball hits center of paddle,
project ball one extra position
vertically to make sure all bricks
can be hit.
Check right end of paddle.
Get ball position.
Save paddle position.
Save ball position.
Get display address.
Find horizontal position.
Get ball position.
Get paddle position.
Find vertical position.
Save ball address.
Get display address.
Find tens position in score.
Add 10 to score.
Get ball address.
Save ball position.
Load delay.
Continue with delay.
Get ball position.
ScreenMate
ScreenMate’s Lightpen and InterFace for the Atari®
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e Play Action Games
e Direct Interaction with
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e Features a ‘‘Piggy-back”’
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e Draw and Doodle
e Ideal for Educational
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e independent of
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$39.95 includes
e Lightpen with Joystick Interface
e User Guide ¢ 90 Day Limited Warranty
e All Postage and Handling
wer ScreenMate Program Cassette
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e Draw ¢ Doddie eœ Math Quiz ¢ Master Mind
e Tic-Tac-Toe œ Word Scramble œ Break Out
e States ¢ Safe Cracker
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Next, enter the Basic part of the game.
Enter the lines in Figure 3 over the first
program. Be sure to leave the REM state-
ment alone. Make sure you enter the
Basic just as in Figure 3. The line notes
will help.
After the Basic part of the game is
entered, you are all set to play. Again to
be safe, SAVE the whole program now
by typing RUN 500. When you LOAD the
program to play again, it will start running
by itself. After it is LOADed, the com-
puter will ask you to enter the speed of
play. Five or greater is suggested for the
beginner. After you enter the speed, the
playing field is drawn. You have 5 balls
per game. You serve the ball by pressing
S. The paddle is controlled by the 5 and 8
keys. Each brick is worth 10 points. At
the end of the game, if you have the
highest score so far, you get to enter your
name which will stay in memory until
your score is beaten or the program is
stopped.
Line notes:
70: 3, zero (4), 6 (26), 4.
90: 8, 5.
120: A (32).
190: Space (32).
280: In inverse: PRESS “P” TO PLAY
AGAIN. . My
Reader
Service No. Advertiser Page
2 A. + Associates 22
82 A. + Associates 39
— A. + Associates 78
— AB Engineering 78
1 Aardvark 21
— Abbey Tape Duplicators 94
81 Abersoft 46
— Advanced Energy Systems 93
3 Aerco 28
— Air Capital Software 94
— Artisan Electronics 87
4 Atto Software 106
5 Audiovision 45
— George Bezushko 95
6 Bi-Pak T3
7 Brainchild Computer Works 35
— Frank A. Burr 78
9 Busyness Magazine 101
10 Byte Back 18
11 Bytesize Products 83
12 Cinagro Software 85
— Circle Chess 78
13 Comprocsys 99
— Compuball 95
14 Compusoft Publishing 41
— Compusport 89
— Computech 94
15 Computer Add-ons 6
16 Computer Assistance 45
17 Computer Continuum 10
18 The Computer Trader 39
19 Computer-Wear Software TM
20 Cottage Technology 72
— Creitech 98
— Curry Computing 93
— Day Design 93
21 Data Assette C-2
22 Data Con 37
24 Discount Software 75
25 Down East Computers 84
26 Downsway California — TAS
— D-Ram Products 108
30 E-Z Key 2
8 E. Arthur Brown & Company 13
— E. Arthur Brown & Company 82
27 Eagle Sales 59
28 Earthscenes 45
— Nissim Elmaleh 87
Figure 3. The Basic program.
5 LET DISP=PEER {15395} +PEER
(16397) #256
46 LET SEST =2
En Tae Se
28 PRINT “ENTER SPEED 1 TO F
(1=FASTEST) "
25 PRINT AT 3 eG: s {$ 3 z £ Auie.
S=SERUE”
3@ INPUT I
42 IF I<1 OR 3:3 THEN GoTo 38
5a POKE 16773,1
DO- CLS
78 PRINT ” gi) gees
SARA:
3a FOR F=1 TO 28
92 PRINT AT F,@;"
188 NEXT F
110 FOR F=1 To 7
ioe PRINT OL Tadi”
138 RAND USR
index to Advertisers
Reader
Service No. Advertiser Page
31 Filesixty 53
— Bob Fingerle 78
— The Fourth Design 97
— Friendly Computer 93
56 G. Russell Electronics 81
32 Ganhart/Earthings 62
— The Golden Stair 89
— P. Hargrave 97
33 Heath Computer Services 47
— Horizon Simulations 98
34 Hunter 56
35 Hurricane Electronics 69
36 Independence Research 62
— Indiana Software Group 98
37 Intercomputer 16
38 Intercomputer 17
— Interface Innovations 111
— JGS 111
— JST Enterprises 93
39 Jameco 33
40 K2 Electronics 40
— Katt's Computer 63
-— Kinetronics Corp. 95
— Lambs Software 97
42 Leading Edge C-4
-=~ Lyon Ware 67
43 Melbourne House Software 23
— Memotech Corp. 1
a Memotech Corp. 30-3 1
44 Microsystems Specialists 71
— Mopsy 63
45 Mule Electronics 45
46 P.C.E. 81
47 Peak 74
48 Peoples Computer Supply 75
49 Pleasantrees 48
50 Quicksilva C-3
54 RES T: 46
52 RAM Products 79
51 Ramex International 38
53 Reston Publishing 51
95 Robotec 7
— Rom-Pak 98
1932 PRINT AT 21,8; $
z2 HEST F
21i@ PRINT AT ğ,1łiłi;”
eev LET SstcoRi=-2
23@ FOR R=1 TO 4
248 LET StcoRE=SCORE+(PEER IDISF
+R+11 -28i +1844 i(4-F:
25@ NEXT R
268 IF SCORE:BEST THEN GOSUB 42
a
270 PRINT AT 10,1; "BESI :
S "j)BEST;" By “;Z%
3Q PRINT AT 12,4; Deere
mem 27 12,4; "PRESS ""P"
TO AGAIN”
290 IF INKEY$="P" THEN GOTO 15
320 GOTO 2328
4@2 CLS
41@ LET BEST=ScCORE
420 PRINT AT 2,2; "YOU NOU HAVE
THE BEST SCORE"
4328 PRINT AT 4,1; "ENTER YOUR HA
ME (1-9 LETTERS: ”
442 INPUT Z$
450 RETURN
588 SAVE “BRICK BUSTER’
Sif RUN
Reader
Service No. Advertiser Page
— Savage Software 93
— Semper 78
— Semper 97
— Semper 93
= M. Sieder 82
57 Simplex Software 61
41 Sinclair Place 24,25
58 Sinclair Place 55
59 Sinclair Place 54
—_ Sinclair Supply Shack 82
— Singh Computer Supplies 78
60 Sinware 70
—- Siriusware 97
61 Softsync, Inc. 109
62 Solutions 79
— Sophia Systems 111
63 Speedware 68
64 Spyder Electronics 67
65 Strategem Cybernetics 27
66 Suntronics 58
67 Syber Inc. 40
68 Sybex 5
69 Sync Master 63
— Synergics Unlimited 108
70 Tapemasters 85
— Teletek 108
— 3G Company 67
71 Timeworks 43
— Toco Technology 87
— Troiano Software Co. 78
T2 21st Century 26
73 2-Bit 75
74 Ultimate Blackwood 83
T9 Upstate Labs 67
76 User Friendly Research 69
— User Friendly Software 93
— WT Associates 63
L7 Wayne Green Books 101
78 York-10 Computerware 12
— Z-Tron international 97
— ZX Data 97
79 Zebra Systems Inc. 9
80 Zebra Systems Inc. 11
= Euaene Zweia 97
QUICKSILVEA
Awesome software which — ., Britain's leading
extends your computer's AA DE S manufacturer and
potential to the Æ AN i i a A YF a ‘distributor of video
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Enjoyed by millions in A) | r JA An Software. Programs
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inquiries invited for USA and inquiries invited for USA and os
Canada: Please contact us for Canada: Please contact us for os
further information further information Se
©
OP
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THE oe rr ae
<2 “oP cs R a ” a
~\ eg p
e aO # , F
awe 0.2 a F Pa
POF E
OE £ F F
ANN KC ro Ke #
OK Re «
@ CK
OF BRITAIN . SC ae
ee ems x soo
CIRCLE 50 ON READER SERVICE CARD SOG BG |
Oe Oe ee
BUY A BANANA. SAVE A BUNCH.
Meet the Banana;” the very
tough, versatile, portable, and
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Gorilla!”
At $249.95 retail it’s an ideal
and inexpensive companion for
personal computers like Apple”
(or Apple “look alikes” such as
Franklin® or Albert®), TI?
Commodore, TRS-80, Kaypro,
Timex® Osborne’ etc.
After that, its merely com-
parable to other printers that can
cost up to three times as much:
10” carriages (to handle standard
9'/2" paper), 80 columns, graphics
capability, 10 characters per inch
(expandable to 5 cpi) draft-quality
print (for perfectly acceptable
form letters, data processing,
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feed (for precise alignment and
quick loading), parallel or serial
interface (take your pick), self-
inking ribbon cassette (for long
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Plus its printhead features a
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